Skateboarding is growing in popularity more than ever and its further development will be sealed with its introduction to the Olympics in 2020. Stereotype of noisy, pot smoking outlaws is gradually vanishing, people enjoy watching skaters efforts and appreciate life they can bring to otherwise dull or unsafe areas. That results also in new challenges for the designers, not only in form of dedicated facilities- skateparks. As far as they are needed objects and their quality is crucial for safety of users and investment success they are also purpose built and therefore fake. They lack some of the most important aspects inscribed in skateboarders culture such as various, exciting and sometimes harsh city experience or improvisation and reinterpretation. Skateboarders will always oppose to use only dedicated areas or objects as they treat a whole city landscape as a playground.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17877号 / 工博第3786号 / 新制||工||1579(附属図書館) / 30697 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 牛島 省, 准教授 竹門 康弘, 准教授 Sameh Ahmed Kantoush / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

This study investigates the impact of sustainable design practices on the visual elements of websites, with a focus on their potential to mitigate environmental harm. The principal area of interest is efficiency - designing web pages to minimize energy usage.  In pursuit of sustainable design principles, websites from companies and organizations that advocate for the environment were analyzed. This was done to determine whether these websites are implementing sustainable design principles within their visual elements. Two custom React web pages were subsequently developed: one implementing design principles from the analyzed websites and the other integrating sustainable design principles. Standardized tools and metrics, including Ecograder, Google Lighthouse, and Google PageSpeed Insights, were used to assess the performance and energy efficiency of these pages in order to measure any discrepancies. From previous research, the results identified five most common design principles as principal considerations in website design. Interestingly, many of the companies/organizations were found to partially or completely disregard these sustainable design principles in their web pages. Additionally, the React web page that incorporated sustainable design principles demonstrated a significantly lighter page weight compared to its modern design counterpart, resulting in less energy usage. Further research is needed though to corroborate these results due to the limitations of the measurements in this study.

In the aftermath of natural disasters, providing temporary housing to displaced people is essential to alleviate human suffering. However, in some cases, the chosen post-disaster temporary housing strategy may not be suitable for the local conditions, which can worsen the negative impacts, particularly when decision-makers need to change their original plan due to the uncertainty of post-disaster conditions. As most temporary housing design strategies have their weaknesses, the best approach is the one that matches the specific circumstances of each scenario. This thesis proposes design strategies, including prefabricated and modular units, foldable units, upgradable units, grid and linear expansion, and passive energy units, to determine the most appropriate policy to minimize conflicts between local requirements and temporary housing characteristics while maximizing the comfort and sustainability of temporary housing design. The strategies were analyzed based on their strength and weaknesses by following the previous research, and their implementation possibilities on recently occurred natural disasters, e.g., Turkey's earthquake in 2023, were also evaluated. It was found that all strategies except for grid and linear expansion might be suitable for the studied natural disaster.

The thesis deals with the issue of the formulation of new requirements to the development of new product with regard to the development of carbon-free economy and product safety improvement. The first part of the thesis describes the state of art of science and technique in the field of process management and the life cycle of a machine tool with emphasis placed on the machine tool development. The second part of the thesis includes a research of legislative requirements concerning machine safety and environmental aspects of the design of the machine to be manufactured. The practical part focuses on an analysis of key processes of the company with emphasis placed on safety and environmental friendly design processes with suggestions concerning improvement of processes with implemented sub-processes necessary for the identification and verification of safety. The thesis describes method implementation of ecodesign processes, which are presented on processes of company and demonstrated on product of drill. The thesis has practical implications for the introduction of automated sub-process of the identification and verification of safety requirements and integration of product development process in realization of ecodesign to company’s products.

The thesis deals with the issue of the formulation of new requirements to the development of new product with regard to the development of carbon-free economy and product safety improvement. The first part of the thesis describes the state of art of science and technique in the field of process management and the life cycle of a machine tool with emphasis placed on the machine tool development together with requirements and recommendations of ISO 9001:2016 – Quality Management Systems – Requirements. The second part of the thesis includes a research of legislative requirements concerning machine safety and environmental aspects of the design of the machine to be manufactured. The practical part focuses on an analysis of key processes of the company of TOS KUŘIM – OS, a.s. with emphasis placed on safety and environmental friendly design processes with suggestions concerning improvement of processes with implemented sub-processes necessary for the identification and verification of safety. A sub-process that allows for the manufacture of machines able to meet requirements of environmental friendly design is implemented to the processes. The thesis has practical implications for the introduction of automated sub-process of the identification and verification of safety requirements and implementation of the product development in the framework of future environmental friendly design development requirements to the products of TOS KUŘIM – OS, a.s.

El proyecto a desarrollar es un centro psiquiátrico de categoría I-4 (MINSA), que cumple con un diseño ecológicamente sostenible de la calidad del ambiente interior y la energía en Ayacucho. Lo que motiva esta investigación es la respuesta a la carencia de infraestructura para la atención de un alto número de pacientes que hoy no tienen donde cubrir sus necesidades de salud mental. En Ayacucho la brecha en el acceso a los servicios de salud mental es de 92,5% de la población, por lo que hemos tomado esta región para fines de nuestro estudio. Hasta el cierre del mismo observamos que en Ayacucho la atención psiquiátrica se brinda en solo dos unidades (centros comunitarios) que claramente no cubren la demanda ni cuentan con la infraestructura correspondiente. Desde el primer manicomio occidental (1409) hasta finales del siglo XIX hubo una lenta evolución de la infraestructura para atención psiquiátrica. No es hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX, con el avance en el conocimiento de la psiquiatría, que el tratamiento y cuidado de enfermedades mentales toma importancia por lo que actualmente los cuidados de salud mental dependen principalmente de factores como la aceptación social y el derecho de los enfermos mentales a ser miembros de la comunidad. El centro estará diseñado tomando en cuenta referencias y parámetros de la misma tipología que dan resultado en distintas partes del mundo, pero adaptados a la normativa peruana, el entorno en el cual se va a emplazar y las necesidades de los pacientes. / The Project in developement is a Cathegory I-4 (MINSA) Psychiatric Centre that abides a high ecologically sustainable design of the interior ambience and energy in Ayacucho. The motivation for the research comes as an answer to the lack of infrastructure for an increasing amount of patients who can´t cover their mental health needs. The access to mental health services gap in Ayacucho is of 92,5% of the population which is why we have chosen this región for our study. Until the closing of our research we observed that Ayacucho counts with only two psychiatric attention units which neither can satisfy the demand nor have an adequate infrastructure. From the first occidental asylum in 1409 up until the 19th century the evolution of psychiatric care infrastructure has been slow. Thanks to the advance in psychiatric knowledge of the 20th century both treatment and patient care have become more important, which is why nowadays the mental health attention is primarily directed by guidances as social acceptance and the right of the patient to be a member of the community. This centre will be designed taking into account references and parameters of the same typology which have proved to be succesful all over the world but adapting them to peruvian standards, surroundings and patients needs. / Tesis

This research addresses the challenge of integrating ecodesign tools into the digital media industry to reduce the environmental footprint of digital products. Despite increasing awareness of sustainability, many digital media experts struggle to adopt these tools practically. This study investigates experts’ perception of the usefulness and ease of use of ecodesign tools and explores influences on their user experience. The research included two phases: a survey and a user study. The survey involved N=93 digital media experts in Europe and evaluated the perceived ease of use and usefulness of ecodesign tools utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model. It revealed the IBM Checklist for Sustainability and the Sustainable Web Design Guidelines as the most useful and easy to use ecodesign tools. These tools were then examined in a one-week user study, involving N=12 digital media experts. This phase included a diary study and user experience questionnaire. Results indicate that practical guidance, clear understanding, efficiency, trustworthiness, motivation, and innovation influence user experience. While sustainability awareness is rising, integrating ecodesign tools into daily workflows remains challenging for some experts. Comprehensive training and guided integration are needed to address these challenges. Ecodesign tools should fit diverse user needs, enhancing relevance and usability across various roles. Incorporating customizable features, clear guidance, interactive learning resources, and alignment with industry standards better support digital media experts and enhance their user experience. This research highlights the importance of ongoing development and refinement of ecodesign tools within the digital media industry.

Nokia launched a website service Customer Insights (CI) to managers and executives from operator companies to track their customers’ experience. An upgraded mobile service is developed for providing more valuable information. The data was retrieved from the same dataset but less amount of information would be displayed in the mobile application. Two questions need to be answered in this design work, what to show in the application and how to show them. A tough situation in user research and a large amount of data made the user-centered design hard to answer the ‘what’ question. Based on experts’ view, data points that have different patterns from other data could be valuable. Considering ML is good at quantitative analysis tool and anomaly detection method can help filter outliers, we combined it with User-centered Design (UCD) in the content preparation. The challenge was how to mind the gap between experts and real users’ expectations. The initial user research was missed and involving users during the modeling progress was not realistic. Our strategy was to select information by anomaly detection methods, got users’ feedbacks after launching the application and utilized those feedbacks to improve the algorithm. Based on the study in ML, PCA anomaly detection was chosen and it worked well in filtering outliers in this case. Two validations proved the possibility of improving the precision and recall of the results based on supervised learning and labeled data. On the other hand, UCD focused on answering the ‘how’ problem based on a questionnaire, personas, scenarios and design guidelines. The results from ML research were also considered in the design work, thus the interface and interaction design would help the algorithm to a larger extent. Four experts participated in the design evaluation. All three iterations of the design helped us to summarize some universal guidance on how to design for similar mobile applications. / Nokia lanserade en webbtjänst Customer Insights (CI) för att chefer och ledare från operativa företag ska kunna följa kundernas erfarenheter. En uppgraderad mobiltjänst utvecklas för att ge mer värdefull information. Uppgifterna hämtas från samma datamängd, men mindre mängd information visas i mobilapplikationen. Två frågor måste besvaras i detta designarbete, nämligen vad som ska visas i applikationen och hur de ska visas. Den svåra situationen i användarforskningen och den stora mängden data gjorde det svårt att besvara frågan om "vad" i den användarcentrerade designen. Enligt experternas uppfattning kan datapunkter som har olika mönster jämfört med andra data vara värdefulla. Med tanke på att ML är ett bra verktyg för kvantitativ analys och att metoden för anomalidetektion kan hjälpa till att filtrera avvikelser, kombinerade vi den med UCD i innehållsberedningen. Utmaningen var hur vi skulle kunna hantera klyftan mellan experternas och de verkliga användarnas förväntningar. Den inledande användarundersökningen missades och det var inte realistiskt att involvera användarna under modelleringsprocessen. Vår strategi var att välja ut information med hjälp av metoder för anomalidetektion, få användarnas feedback efter lanseringen av applikationen och använda dessa feedback för att förbättra algoritmen. Baserat på studien om ML valdes PCA-anomalidetektion och den fungerade bra för att filtrera utfall i det här fallet. Två valideringar visade att det är möjligt att förbättra precisionen och återkallandet av resultaten baserat på övervakad inlärning och märkta data. Å andra sidan fokuserade UCD på att besvara "hur"-problemet med hjälp av ett frågeformulär, personas, scenarier och riktlinjer för utformning. Resultaten från ML-forskningen beaktades också i designarbetet, vilket innebär att gränssnitts- och interaktionsdesignen skulle hjälpa algoritmen i större utsträckning. Fyra experter deltog i designutvärderingen. Alla tre iterationer av designen hjälpte oss att sammanfatta några universella riktlinjer för hur man utformar liknande mobilapplikationer.

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