The Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study for adults has never had any created norms in terms of Czech population. Since the time of creation its graphical stimulus material became old and nearly unusable. The purpose of this text is to show the method P-F Study to the readers and than to introduce new version for adults PFT (C-W) prepared for publication. There is also a version presented on separate cards, which is part of the new set. The validity and test-retest reliability was verified previously, but reliability was also examined by agreement of two independent evaluators. The standardisation was realized on the sample of 300 persons in age from 18 to 81 years. The new norms were created for factors, categories, S-E patterns and GCR. Also the scoring and compilation of the scoring blank was adapted. Key words: aggression, frustration, projective method, Rosenzweig P-F Study, user's manual

Doping nonmagnetic materials is known as an effective way of investigating the properties of frustrated magnets. LiCuSbO4 is one of the simplest quasi-one dimensional spin-1/2 magnets which can be modelled with ferromagnetic(FM) nearest neighbour and antiferromagnetic (AFM) next nearest neighbour interactions. Here, doping with both non-magnetic ions, Zn, Mg, and magnetic ions, Co, is investigated. LiCu1-xMxSbO4 (M=Mg, Zn, Co 0≦x≦0.1) samples were synthesized by a ceramics process. At higher doping levels (x≧0.04), paramagnetic Curie features are observed below 4 K, however the broad peak characteristic of short range ordering at 6 K is retained. Isothermal magnetization indicates that the critical field found at 12 T in LiCuSbO4 was shifted by Zn and Mg doping. While the field is increased as the amount of Mg doping, it was increased as Zn doping in the range of 0≦x≦0.02 but decreased by x≧0.04. The trend in critical field is observed to follow that of the c lattice parameter for both Zn and Mg doping. On doping with Co2+ (S = 3/2), a low temperature Curie feature was observed from x=0.02. The value of the critical field increased on doping from (x=0) 12 T for 13.5 T (x=0.10). As for non-magnetic doping the trend in Hc has the same behaviour as the lattice parameter. The effect of doping on the pyrochlore spin ice A2B2O7 is also explored. The effect of oxygen vacancies induced by the aliovalent substitution on the B site on the crystal electric field was explored in the ceramic solid solutions. The effect of aliovalent doping on the pyrochlore A2Sn2(1-x)Sc2xO7-x (A=Ho and Dy 0≦x≦0.10) Tb2B2(1-x)Sc2xO7-x (B=Sn and Ti 0≦x≦0.05) were studied. While no dramatic changes of the saturation value of isothermal magnetization and heat capacities was observed in Dy2Sn2O7 by Sc doping in the range of 0≦x≦0.1, the saturation value of isothermal magnetization and magnetic entropy in Ho2Sn2O7 was clearly increased by Sc doping more than x=0.05, This difference could be from the difference of Kramer’s and non-Kramer’s spins between Dy and Ho, as while Dy is a Kramer’s ion and its ground state is protected, Ho is a non-Kramer’s ion and its ground state could be split. While Tb2Sn2O7 is known as quantum spin ice, Tb2Ti2O7 is known as spin liquid. A peak at 6 K of heat capacity, which is assigned as being due to a crystal electric field excitation to an excited doublet in Tb2Sn2O7 and Tb2Ti2O7 was observed in the Tb2Sn2(1-x)Sc2xO7-x sample. However in Tb2Ti2(1-x)Sc2xO7-x it was not observed. This indicates that the increased strain in the ceramic solid solution has a larger impact on the crystal electric field.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:35:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2056393 bytes, checksum: 6c718958e16dde37636b88ed5dbf583f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-14 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / We study the magnetic excitations in two-dimensional spin ices on square lattices, by means of computer simulations. These materials are artificially produced by lithographic techniques, using ferromegnetic nano-islands arranged in a lattice especially organized in such a way, that, the lattice geometry together with the dipole-dipole interactions lead to an intrinsic frustration of the system. Our analysis, based only on the dipolar interaction between the islands, correctly reproduces the ground state experimentally observed recently. In addition, we verify the emergence of magnetic excitations that behave like magnetic monopoles, carrying isolated magnetic charge. These quasi-particles interact by means of the Coulomb potential plus a linear confining potential, which is attributed to the emergence of string-like excitations, linking the pair of opposite charges. However, we argue that the string has a configurational entropy, so that the string tension may decrease as the temperature is increased and then, free magnetic monopoles should be found in two-dimensional spin ices at a critical temperature. We also study the case where the artificial spin ice is built with missing nano-island (vacancy). For the case with only one vacancy, we found that the defect modify the potential obtained for the normal lattice. The vacancy behaves like a pair of opposite charges, carrying half charge of the usual magnetic monopole excitation. Our calculations show that when the smallest distance between the charges (or the string) is greater than 2a (a is the lattice spacing), the interaction of the string with the defect is negligible. However, for distances smaller than 2a, the string interacts with the defect more appreciable, in a very complicated way, which depends on the shape and size of the string. Our results indicate that, on each vertex where the string passes, there is an additional quadrupole moment and so the field created by the string decays very quickly. / Nós estudamos as excitações magnéticas que surgem nos gelos de spin bidimensionais, por meio de simulações computacionais em redes quadradas. Esses materiais são produzidos artificialmente, através de técnicas litográficas utilizando nanopartículas ferromagnéticas arranjadas em uma rede especialmente organizada, de modo que a geometria da rede juntamente com a interação dipolo-dipolo leva a uma frustração intríseca do sistema. A análise, baseada somente na interação dipolar entre as nanoilhas, reproduz corretamente o estado fundamental recentemente observado experimentalmente. Foi verificado a emergência de excitações magnéticas que se comportam como monopolo magnético, carregando carga magnética isolada. Essas quasi-partículas interagem via potencial coulombiano adicionado a um potencial confinante linear, atribuído ao aparecimento de excitações do tipo corda, que conectam o par monopolo-antimonopolo. Contudo, verificamos que a corda possui uma entropia configuracional, de modo que a tensão da corda pode diminuir à medida em que a temperatura é aumentada, fazendo com que os monopolos magnéticos possam ser encontrados livres nos gelos de spin bidimensionais em uma temperatura crítica. Também estudamos o caso em que o gelo de spin é construído com uma única ilha faltante em uma dada posição da rede. Foi visto que o defeito pertuba o potencial obtido em uma rede normal. A vacância se comporta como um par de cargas opostas carregando metade da carga do monopolo magnético usual. Nossos cálculos mostram que quando a menor distância entre uma carga e a vacância é maior que 2a (a é o espaçamento de rede), a interação entre a corda e o defeito é negligenciável. Contudo, para distâncias menores que 2a, a corda interage mais apreciavelmente com o defeito, de uma forma muito complicada que depende de seu tamanho e forma. Os resultados indicam que em cada vértice por onde a corda passa, existe um momento de quadrupolo magnético adicional, de forma que o campo criado pela corda decai muito rapidamente.

Cette thèse est une étude par diffusion neutronique des pyrochlores Tb2Ti2O7 et Pr2Zr2O7. Ces composés, pour lesquels les ions magnétiques sont des ions Non-Kramers (NK), sont présentés comme de potentielles glaces de spin quantiques. Dans Pr2Zr2O7, l'étude des réponses élastique et inélastique et des structures induites sous champ nous amènent à conclure que l'état fondamental serait une recombinaison du doublet fondamental de champ cristallin (CEF) du fait de l'existence de termes multipolaires dans l'Hamiltonien. Ces termes seraient dus à un couplage magnéto-cristallin. Dans l'approximation de champ moyen, un modèle local de distorsion structurale semble en effet reproduire nos résultats. Dans Tb2Ti2O7, malgré de notables différences avec Pr2Zr2O7, nos mesures indiquent qu'un mécanisme semblable de mélange des fonctions d'onde du doublet fondamental de CEF a lieu. Ce mélange impliquerait des termes multipolaires également dus au couplage magnéto-cristallin et nous avons pu observer une signature directe de ce couplage. Les mécanismes en jeu dans ces systèmes ne seraient pas ceux proposés pour les glaces de spin quantiques mais dus à la sensibilité des ions NK à leur environnement. L'étude de composés non-st¿chiométriques montre la réactivité du magnétisme aux perturbations. / This work is the neutron scattering study of the pyrochlores Tb2Ti2O7 and Pr2Zr2O7. These compounds where magnetic ions are Non-Kramers ions are expected to be quantum spin ices. In Pr2Zr2O7, the study of the elastic and inelastic response together with the study of the magnetic structures in applied magnetic field lead to the conclusion that the magnetic ground state is a mixing of the wave functions of the crystal-field ground state doublet because of quadrupolar terms in the Hamiltonian. These terms would originate from a coupling to the lattice. Using the mean-field approximation, a model based on a local structural distortion reproduces quite well our measurements. Despite strong differences with Pr2Zr2O7, our measurements provide evidence for a similar mechanism in Tb2Ti2O7. Again, this would be caused by multipolar terms in the Hamiltonian reflecting a strong coupling of the magnetic moments to the lattice. Then, these pyrochlores would not be quantum spin ices. Instead, the extreme sensibility to the environment characteristic of the Non-Kramers ions would lead to these fluctuations. Our measurements of samples slightly off-stoichiometry emphases the strong reactivity of the magnetic behavior of these compounds.

Annotation: Lean Management as an Ethical Problem Business management methods are mainly depended on what the company is doing. One of the management options is lean management which is typical for the automotive industry, but is used for its efficiency in other industries as well. It is a method of management that maximizes labor productivity, reduces the financial burden in the production process, and reduces human errors. The main goal of this thesis is focused on explaining the basic concepts of economics and ethics focused on the way of business management. It includes a description of a specific case of the implementation of lean management in a particular company. An ethical reflection follows, which focuses on comparing the described implementation with the presented company values. Second point is the reflection of lean management with the theory Stakeholder. The work concludes with a description of the consequences of the implementation of systems focused primarily on efficiency and profit with possible solution points. Key words: lean management, ethical management of a company, manager, employee, corporate culture, efficiency, profit, key indicators, corporate values, code of ethics, stress.

The researcher aimed in this study to answer the research question: how is frustration expressed by the child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in middle childhood within the classroom setting? The goal of the study was therefore to explore the expression of frustration in the child with ADHD in middle childhood within the classroom setting. The research population consisted of all children in middle childhood years who had been diagnosed with ADHD and were attending either Arthur Matthews or Montrose Primary Schools. The sampling method was purposive as subjects with these specific attributes were utilized. The extent of the investigation was limited to the observations of 20 children. The exploratory design was used in order to complete the empirical study. A checklist was used for the purpose of gathering data. This data was quantitative information on frustration expressed by children with ADHD in middle childhood, as observed by the researcher. Research results indicate that frustration plays a large role in the school life of a child diagnosed with ADHD. The findings also show that the child with ADHD directs much of his/her frustration towards him/herself. The research findings indicate that frustration that is not dealt with at an early stage will develop into aggression. In order to assist a child in dealing with his/her frustration, it is recommended that the child be taught coping mechanisms which assist him/her in ventilating frustration in a socially acceptable way. Further research into the effective implementation of teaching coping mechanisms to children in middle childhood with ADHD within the classroom setting is recommended. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Pyrochlore iridates have received considerable attention for the past few years as they possess strong electron correlations and spin orbit coupling, giving rise to a finite temperature metal-insulator transition (MIT). The nature of this MIT transition is related to the magnetic order of the Ir atoms which also experience frustration as they are part of a pyrochore structure. The aim of this study is to elucidate the magnetic configuration of the magnetic iridium ions by doping Y2Ir2O7 with Bi. Here we present a study on the magnetic properties of the Y2−xBixIr2O7 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.9, 1.3, 2) system using μSR and DC susceptibility. Our results show that pure Y2Ir2O7 has a magnetic transition to a long- range ordered state. Substituting Bi by Y results in a lower temperature transition with increasing amount of bismuth. When the system goes into the ordered state a weak ferromagnetic moment is seen. This is in agreement with the belief that the system orders in an canted antiferromagnetic fashion with all-in all-out spins in the tetrahedron of the pyrochlore structure. However the addition of bismuth into the sample does not change the internal magnetic field measured at low temperatures with μSR, but only changes the transition temperature and the ordered volume fraction. For the Bi2Ir2O7 system two magnetic transitions had been measured previously counter to the belief that this material did not order magnetically. In this work, our μSR measurements show no evidence of such a transition. In the transverse field μSR set up a small Knight shift is measured due to the local susceptibility of Bi2Ir2O7. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Frustrated magnets realize exotic forms of quantum matter beyond conventional order. Due to a lack of controlled and unbiased methods to study frustration in three dimensions, many questions remain unanswered. While most established numerical techniques have limited applicability, approaches based on cluster expansions are promising alternatives. By design, they do not suffer from dimensionality or frustration and generate reliable insights into the thermodynamic limit without any restriction in the parameter space. This thesis makes significant methodological progress in controlled numerical approaches tailored to study frustration in three dimensions. It covers (i) an automatic detection algorithm for symmetries in generic clusters, (ii) a general approach to the numerical linked cluster algorithm to study finite - and zero - temperature properties, and (iii) an expansion method based on the linked cluster theorem to obtain a suitable dressing for valence-bond crystals. In particular, we study one of the archetypal problems of frustrated magnetism in three dimensions: the pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet. For the first time, we are able to unbiasedly resolve its thermodynamic quantities to a temperature far beyond the scale on which the Schottky anomaly occurs. The broad applicability of the numerical linked cluster algorithm allows for the systematic investigation of different spin-liquid candidate materials such as the Cerium-based pyrochlores Ce₂Zr₂O₇ and Ce₂Sn₂O₇. Despite a similar chemical composition, the algorithm finds fundamental differences in their quantum mechanical nature by constraining their microscopic exchange parameters. Zero temperature properties are even less accessible: Neither the nature of the ground state nor an estimate of its energy are known for the pyrochlore antiferromagnet. Large-scale density matrix renormalization group calculations pushed to three dimensions provide the first reliable estimate of its ground-state energy and yield robust evidence for a spontaneous inversion symmetry breaking manifesting itself as an energy density difference on the tetrahedral sublattice. The symmetry-breaking tendency of the model is further observed in the presence of an external magnetic field where similar calculations suggest a stable 1/2-magnetization plateau. Continuing the investigation of low-energy states, we propose a new family - exponentially numerous in the linear system size - of valence-bond crystals as potential ground states. Understanding the stability of the previously overlooked family of states suggests a remarkable change of perspective on frustration with a focus on unfrustrated motifs. In sum, these discoveries present significant progress towards resolving long-standing questions regarding the nature of the ground state of the quantum pyrochlore S=1/2 antiferromagnet. / Frustrierte Magnete realisieren exotische Formen von Quantenmaterie, welche gewöhnliche Ordnungen übersteigen. Viele etablierte numerische Methoden versagen bei Frustration in drei Dimensionen, da sie entweder nicht anwendbar sind, unkontrolliert sind oder bestimmte Zustände vorziehen. Clusteralgorithmen bilden eine vielversprechende Alternative. Sie erfahren keine Einschränkung durch die Dimensionalität oder die Frustration des Problems und erlauben daher zuverlässige Einblicke in den thermodynamischen Limes. Diese Arbeit präsentiert methodische Fortschritte von kontrollierbaren Ansätzen, welche auf frustrierte Systeme in drei Dimensionen zugeschnitten sind. Sie beinhaltet (i) die Entwicklung eines Algorithmus zur automatischen Detektion räumlicher Symmetrien für allgemeine Cluster, (ii) einen allgemeinen Zugang zum 'numerical linked cluster algorithm'', um Eigenschaften bei endlicher Temperatur und dem absoluten Nullpunkt zu studieren und (iii) einen Clusteralgorithmus zur Optimierung des Zustands eines 'valence-bond' Kristalls. Die methodischen Fortschritte dieser Arbeit tragen zur Lösung eines archetypischen Problems von frustriertem Magnetismus in drei Dimensionen bei: dem Pyrochlor Heisenberg Antiferromagnet. Sie erlauben zuverlässige Einblicke in die Thermodynamik bis hin zu nicht-trivialen Temperaturen weit unter der Schottky-Anomalie. Die weiten Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Clusteralgorithmus macht die systematische Untersuchung von Spinflüssigkeitskandidaten, wie die auf Cer basierenden Pyrochlore Ce₂Zr₂O₇ und Ce₂Sn₂O₇, möglich. Trotz einer ähnlichen chemischen Komposition, findet der Algorithmus fundamentale Unterschiede in ihrer quantenmechanischen Struktur. Frustration in drei Dimensionen ist am absoluten Nullpunkt ähnlich unzugänglich wie bei endlicher Temperatur und weder der Grundzustand, noch Schätzungen der Grundzustandsenergie des Pyrochlor Antiferromagneten sind bekannt. Groß angelegte Dichtematrixrenomierungsgruppenrechnungen in drei Dimensionen ermöglichen erstmals eine verlässliche Schätzung der Energie und finden eine spontan gebrochene Inversionssymmetrie, welche durch einen Unterschied in der Energiedichte auf dem tetraedrischen Untergitter ausgedrückt ist. Die Tendenz, die Symmetrie des Systems zu brechen, ist auch in der Präsenz eines externen magnetischen Feldes zu beobachten. Rechnungen deuten die Stabilität des 1/2-Magnetisierungsplateaus an. Einen signifikanten Beitrag zum Verständnis des Heisenberg-Models auf dem Pyrochlor wird durch eine Familie von potentiellen Grundzuständen geleistet, welche als harte Hexagone im Gitter visualisiert werden können. Ihre Anzahl skaliert exponentiell in der linearen Systemgröße und ihre niedrige Energie eröffnet eine neue Sichtweise auf frustrierte Magnete, welche den Fokus auf unfrustrierte Geometrien lenkt. Im Widerspruch zu der prominenten Spinflüssigkeitsannahme deuten die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit auf Ordnung im Pyrochlor Antiferromagneten hin.

<p>The following dissertation presents neutron scattering studies on three specific magnetic insulating oxide materials whose lattice is based on triangular structural motifs. Each of the three materials studied, LuCoGaO₄, Co₃V₂O₈ and Tb₂Ti₂O₇, displays an interesting disordered ground state that is reached by different mechanisms: site disorder, geometric frustration, and quantum fluctuations induced by a transverse magnetic field. The main focus of this work is the characterization of the resulting magnetic ground states and magnetic excitations within these systems.</p> <p>Chapters 3, 4 and 5 contain original work in the form of six research articles that have either been published or have been prepared for publication in peer-reviewed journals.</p> <p>Chapter 3 describes studies of the quasi two-dimensional triangular layered antiferromagnet LuCoGaO₄. This material is found to exhibit a spin glass ground state as a result of geometrical frustration and site disorder inherent in this system. Below the freezing temperature, this system exhibits static, two-dimensional correlations consistent with frozen short-range correlated regions in the plane of the bilayers that extend over roughly five unit cells. The dynamic correlations reveal typical spin glass behavior upon cooling. Furthermore, a resonant gapped spin-wave-like excitation is observed, that can be related to the anisotropy in the system. Such an excitation is relatively uncommon in spin glasses and has been studied for the first time in such detail.</p> <p>Chapter 4 is concerned with the study of the kagome staircase system Co₃V₂O₈. While prone to geometrical frustration due to its underlying kagome structural motif, this material is characterized by predominantly ferromagnetic interactions that lead to an unfrustrated, ferromagnetic ground state. In this chapter, departures from this conventional ground state by different disordering mechanisms are investigated. The first part focuses on the effects of site disorder by introducing quenched nonmagnetic impurities into the system. The growth of single crystals of (Co_1-xMg_x)₃V₂O₈ is reported. These crystals reveal that the ferromagnetic ground state is very sensitive to doping, and show that a low doping concentration of 19% leads to a suppression of the ferromagnetic ground state below 1.5 K. This could be understood as percolation problem on the quasi two-dimensional kagome lattice including site and bond percolation. The second part focuses on the influence of a transverse magnetic field on the ground state of Ising spins, introducing quantum fluctuations that lead to quantum phase transitions at ~6.25, 7 and 13 T. The observed quantum phase transitions are characterized by distinct changes in the magnetic structure and their associated spin excitation spectra.</p> <p>Chapter 5 presents studies on the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb₂Ti₂O₇, which is a proposed spin liquid candidate but whose actual ground state is still the topic of current debate. The ground state of Tb₂Ti₂O₇ was revisited by neutron scattering measurements, revealing a new phase in the low temperature low field phase diagram that can be described as a frozen antiferromagnetic spin ice that exhibits distinct elastic and inelastic scattering features.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Relations between preschool-aged children’s expressive language ability and externalizing behaviors remain poorly understood and may be moderated by other influences, including child sex, temperamental anger/frustration, receptive language, and adaptive communication skill (i.e., “real-world” usage of language). The present study used person- and variable-centered approaches to (a) identify meaningful classes of children based on these attributes, and (b) test for class-specific differences in the relation between expressive language and later externalizing behaviors. Participants were 144 preschool-aged children (M = 47.43 months; 51% male) who were recruited from semirural Head Start centers and assessed at two time points, approximately five months apart. Latent class analysis identified three classes of children: (a) the Typical Language/Higher Anger class (average language/communication abilities and higher anger/frustration), (b) the High Communication/Average Anger class (only female children with high adaptive communication and otherwise average attributes), and (c) the Verbally Competent/Lower Anger class (high language/communication abilities and lower anger/frustration). Expressive language negatively predicted Time 2 externalizing behaviors more strongly among the High Communication/Average Anger class, compared to the Typical Language/Higher Anger class. Across the entire sample, there was a negative predictive relation between expressive language and Time 2 externalizing behaviors, which was moderated by anger/frustration and adaptive communication. Overall, among children with competent skills in expressive language and at least one additional domain (e.g., higher adaptive communication, lower anger/frustration), higher expressive language more strongly predicted lower levels of Time 2 externalizing behaviors, relative to children with fewer concurrent competencies. Higher levels of expressive language were not related—or were less strongly related—to later externalizing behaviors among children with fewer concurrent competencies. Results underscore the proximal role of temperamental and adaptive communicative attributes in supporting expressive language usage and suggest different intervention strategies for children with different configurations of attributes. / Psychology