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abstract: Due to increasing integration of renewable resources in the power grid, an efficient high power transmission system is needed in the near future to transfer energy from remote locations to the load centers. Gas Insulated Transmission Line (GIL) is a specialized high power transmission system, designed by Siemens, for applications requiring direct burial or vertical installation of the transmission line. GIL uses SF6 as an insulating medium. Due to unavoidable gas leakages and high global warming potential of SF6, there is a need to replace this insulating gas by some other possible alternative. Insulating foam materials are characterized by excellent dielectric properties as well as their reduced weight. These materials can find their application in GIL as high voltage insulators. Syntactic foam is a polymer based insulating foam. It consists of a large number of microspheres embedded in a polymer matrix. The work in this thesis deals with the development of the selection proce-dure for an insulating foam for its application in GIL. All the steps in the process are demonstrated considering syntactic foam as an insulator. As the first step of the procedure, a small representative model of the insulating foam is built in COMSOL Multiphysics software with the help of AutoCAD and Excel VBA to analyze electric field distribution for the application of GIL. The effect of the presence of metal particles on the electric field distribution is also observed. The AC voltage withstand test is performed on the insulating foam samples according to the IEEE standards. The effect of the insulating foam on electrical parameters as well as transmission characteristics of the line is analyzed as the last part of the thesis. The results from all the simulations and AC voltage withstand test are ob-served to predict the suitability of the syntactic foam as an insulator in GIL. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2014

This work is focused on the measurement of partial discharges in gas insulated conductors manufactured by ABB. The theoretical part contains the definition of partial discharges, their analysis and detection methods. It also deals with the general description of gas-insulated substations and then with the concrete components manufactured at ABB in the Brno-Slatina production plant. The practical part describes the course of measurement, definition of the main problems and their explanation. The output from the practical part is a measurement library with given characteristics, which show the location and character of the problem in detecting partial discharge in a given encapsulated assembly.

Subestações blindadas são utilizadas por empresas de energia há mais de 50 anos. Muitas destas subestações estão em operação até os dias de hoje, sem qualquer modificação em seu projeto original, e ainda assim continuam operando sem apresentar problemas ou indícios de fadiga. Isto pode ser atribuído a sua qualidade construtiva em conjunto com o material isolante utilizado por este tipo de equipamento, o Hexafluoreto de Enxofre (SF6). Este gás possui todas as características desejáveis para manter adequadas as propriedades dielétricas da subestação, além de ser inerte e extremamente estável. O tempo de vida nominal de uma subestação blindada pode ser de 30 a 50 anos, dependendo de suas características ou recomendação do fabricante. A proximidade, ou até a ultrapassagem, do final do tempo de vida gera preocupação às empresas detentoras destes equipamentos antigos no que diz respeito a operação da subestação com segurança. Outro aspecto importante está relacionado a vazamentos de gás na atmosfera, pois o SF6 está entre os elementos mais danosos para o efeito estufa. Por estas razões este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema para monitoramento de vazamentos e também de parâmetros indicativos do gás SF6 em uma subestação blindada antiga. O objetivo principal foi de desenvolver um sistema com dados históricos para se realizar estudos a respeito do comportamento do gás. A subestação utilizada neste trabalho não possuía nenhum sistema de monitoramento online. Assim, foi desenvolvido um sistema de tempo real para coletar dados de densidade do gás e de ponto de orvalho nos compartimentos da subestação. O sistema de coleta de dados foi instalado em três bays de uma subestação. Foram instalados sensores para medir estas duas grandezas, e também, módulos de aquisição de dados de baixo custo que se comunicam por meio de protocolos padrão e abertos. A partir do sistema instalado, no longo prazo, se espera a redução de vazamentos de gás com a possibilidade de inspeções online. Pode ser atribuído como resultado do trabalho a redução de custos, pois os dados históricos com indicativos favoráveis permitem estender o tempo entre manutenções preventivas. Como resultado complementar deste trabalho, o monitoramento de perdas de gás se torna mais eficiente e rápido, colaborando, assim com as expectativas ambientais atuais. / Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) are used by energy companies for over 50 years. Many early substations have been in operation until the present day, without any modification in its original design, and still are operating without problems or indications of fatigue. This can be attributed to its constructive quality along with the insulating material used for this type of equipment, the gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). This gas has all the desirable features for maintaining the dielectric of the substation as well as being inert and extremely stable. The nominal lifetime of a GIS substation can be 30 to 50 years, depending on their characteristics or manufacturer\'s recommendation. The proximity, or even exceeding, the lifetime generates concern to companies holding these old equipment as regards the operation of the substation safely. Another important aspect is related to gas leakages into the atmosphere because SF6 is among the most damaging elements to the greenhouse effect. Therefore, this work presents the development of a system for monitoring leakage and also indicative parameters of SF6 gas at an old GIS. The main objective was to develop a system with historical data to conduct studies about the behavior of the gas. The substation used for this work had no online monitoring system. Thus, it was developed a real-time system for collecting data of gas density and dew point in the compartments of the substation. The data collection system was installed in three bays of the substation. Sensors were installed to measure these two quantities, and also low cost data acquisition modules which communicate via standard and open protocols. In long term, with the system, there should be a reduction of gas leakages with the possibility of online inspections of the gas. May be assigned as a result the reduction of costs, since the historical data with good indicative allows extending the time for preventative maintenance. As additional result of this work, it is expected that the monitoring of leakage become more efficient and faster, thus contributing to the current environmental expectations.

Subestações blindadas são utilizadas por empresas de energia há mais de 50 anos. Muitas destas subestações estão em operação até os dias de hoje, sem qualquer modificação em seu projeto original, e ainda assim continuam operando sem apresentar problemas ou indícios de fadiga. Isto pode ser atribuído a sua qualidade construtiva em conjunto com o material isolante utilizado por este tipo de equipamento, o Hexafluoreto de Enxofre (SF6). Este gás possui todas as características desejáveis para manter adequadas as propriedades dielétricas da subestação, além de ser inerte e extremamente estável. O tempo de vida nominal de uma subestação blindada pode ser de 30 a 50 anos, dependendo de suas características ou recomendação do fabricante. A proximidade, ou até a ultrapassagem, do final do tempo de vida gera preocupação às empresas detentoras destes equipamentos antigos no que diz respeito a operação da subestação com segurança. Outro aspecto importante está relacionado a vazamentos de gás na atmosfera, pois o SF6 está entre os elementos mais danosos para o efeito estufa. Por estas razões este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema para monitoramento de vazamentos e também de parâmetros indicativos do gás SF6 em uma subestação blindada antiga. O objetivo principal foi de desenvolver um sistema com dados históricos para se realizar estudos a respeito do comportamento do gás. A subestação utilizada neste trabalho não possuía nenhum sistema de monitoramento online. Assim, foi desenvolvido um sistema de tempo real para coletar dados de densidade do gás e de ponto de orvalho nos compartimentos da subestação. O sistema de coleta de dados foi instalado em três bays de uma subestação. Foram instalados sensores para medir estas duas grandezas, e também, módulos de aquisição de dados de baixo custo que se comunicam por meio de protocolos padrão e abertos. A partir do sistema instalado, no longo prazo, se espera a redução de vazamentos de gás com a possibilidade de inspeções online. Pode ser atribuído como resultado do trabalho a redução de custos, pois os dados históricos com indicativos favoráveis permitem estender o tempo entre manutenções preventivas. Como resultado complementar deste trabalho, o monitoramento de perdas de gás se torna mais eficiente e rápido, colaborando, assim com as expectativas ambientais atuais. / Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) are used by energy companies for over 50 years. Many early substations have been in operation until the present day, without any modification in its original design, and still are operating without problems or indications of fatigue. This can be attributed to its constructive quality along with the insulating material used for this type of equipment, the gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). This gas has all the desirable features for maintaining the dielectric of the substation as well as being inert and extremely stable. The nominal lifetime of a GIS substation can be 30 to 50 years, depending on their characteristics or manufacturer\'s recommendation. The proximity, or even exceeding, the lifetime generates concern to companies holding these old equipment as regards the operation of the substation safely. Another important aspect is related to gas leakages into the atmosphere because SF6 is among the most damaging elements to the greenhouse effect. Therefore, this work presents the development of a system for monitoring leakage and also indicative parameters of SF6 gas at an old GIS. The main objective was to develop a system with historical data to conduct studies about the behavior of the gas. The substation used for this work had no online monitoring system. Thus, it was developed a real-time system for collecting data of gas density and dew point in the compartments of the substation. The data collection system was installed in three bays of the substation. Sensors were installed to measure these two quantities, and also low cost data acquisition modules which communicate via standard and open protocols. In long term, with the system, there should be a reduction of gas leakages with the possibility of online inspections of the gas. May be assigned as a result the reduction of costs, since the historical data with good indicative allows extending the time for preventative maintenance. As additional result of this work, it is expected that the monitoring of leakage become more efficient and faster, thus contributing to the current environmental expectations.

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Sulphur hexafluoride gas is the dominant insulation and interruption material in high voltage gas insulated substation. Its usage remains a concern of transmission system operators owing to the global warming potential of the gas. The work carried out in this thesis aims to find the environment-friendly materials that can replace SF6. These candidates are required to have a strong dielectric strength for high voltage busbar insulation and well arc extinguishing capability necessary for high voltage circuit breaker.A range of alternative insulation types including CF3I gas and its mixture, high pressure air and solid insulating foam are considered as substitute of SF6. Theoretical studies on the dimensions of busbars used in substations are carried out for these options. The dimension of the dielectric system and its ampacity of respect system are calculated using heat transfer models considering their boiling point and proper working pressure which is related with the dielectric strength of some gas.On the other hand, SF6 gas circuit breaker is extremely popular on the medium and high voltage power networks owning to its effective arc extinguishing performance. It would be ideal if a substitute material could be found for SF6 as an interruption material. Biodegradable oil PTFE ablation, other gas candidates including N2, CF3I are investigated as possible replacement of SF6 through literature study.The usage of vacuum circuit breaker is eventually capable to operate in high voltage transmission system. Simulations have been carried out with software ATP/EMTP to investigate the influence of different characteristics of vacuum circuit breaker including chopping current level, the dielectric strength of vacuum gap and the opening time. And then the probability of overvoltages when vacuum circuit breakers installed is studied by statistical study in MATLAB.

The diploma thesis deals with the optimization of powder-coating process resulting in a reduction of labor intensity during finishing components in gas insulated switchgear (GIS). The thesis is divided into five main chapters that describe characteristic and function of gas insulated switchgear (GIS), the theory of powder-coating, including mechanical and chemical pretreatment of surfaces, the studies of contemporary quality of coating process in the company ABB s.r.o. with classification of components of GIS according to their function. This chapter also contains detailed analysis of section of coating process during the processing of selected parts (housing and conductor). The thesis also contains detailed studies of masking of surfaces at coating parts, specifies the most common defects and determines the main cause presented in a well-arranged chart, design, description and realization of optimization solutions with selection and evaluation of final version. An economic comparison of contemporary condition of powder-coating process with designed optimization solution is stated at the end of the thesis.