Orientador: Magda Cristina Queiroz Dell'Acqua / Coorientador: Silvia Justina Papini / Banca: Cleide Carolina da Silva Demoro Mondini / Banca: Janete Pessuto / Resumo: Pacientes com desnutrição e paralisia cerebral atendidos no ambulatório AIPEG (Ambulatório Interdisciplinar para Paciente Infantil Portador de Encefalopatia e Gastrostomia) do HEB (Hospital Estadual Bauru), necessitam de gastrostomia para auxiliar na alimentação pela disfagia e são acompanhados por uma equipe multiprofissional e interdisciplinar. Neste estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo e exploratório, verificou-se o perfil dos cuidadores e pacientes deste ambulatório e descreveu-se as dificuldades encontradas por esses familiares/cuidadores em domicílio. Após aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa e a assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido os familiares/cuidadores dos pacientes do AIPEG (Ambulatório Interdisciplinar para Paciente Infantil Portador de Encefalopatia e Gastrostomia) foram abordados com um questionário e responderam questões abertas e fechadas. Utilizou-se também, como fonte de dados, a análise dos prontuários dos pacientes. Os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a junho de 2012. A amostra foi composta de 50 pacientes e seus respectivos familiares/cuidadores, sendo 60,00% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino, 70,00% etnia branca e com média de idade de 11,43 anos. O diagnóstico médico de todos os pacientes (100,00%) era de paralisia cerebral e 91,17% apresentava desnutrição. A maioria dos pacientes, em 92,00%, realizou gastrostomia cirúrgica. Com relação aos cuidadores, 98,00% eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade em 40,82 anos de idade, 70,00% de etnia branca, 86,00% dos familiares/cuidadores são as próprias mães dos pacientes e a renda com média de 2,32 salários mínimos. Quanto às dificuldades mais relatadas, pelos familiares/cuidadores, verificou-se o relato da saída da sonda de ostomia com prevalência de 84,00% e 68,00% dos familiares/cuidadores relatou a ocorrência de lesão na pele. A gastrostomia é um procedimento ... / Abstract: Patients with malnutrition and cerebral palsy attended in the ambulatory AIPEG (Interdisciplinary Ambulatory for Child Patient with encephalopathy and gastrostomy) of BSH (Bauru State Hospital), need of gastrostomy for help feeding by dysphagia and are accompanied by a multidisciplinary team and interdisciplinary. In this quantitative, transversal, descriptive and exploratory study, it was verified a profile of caregivers and patients in this ambulatory and described the difficulties found by these families / caregivers at home. After approval of the research ethics committee and signing the free and informed consent families/carers of patients AIPEG (Interdisciplinary Ambulatory for Child Patient with encephalopathy and gastrostomy) were approached with a questionnaire and answered open and closed questions. We used also, as a source of data, analysis of the patients' records. Data were collected from January to June 2012. The sample was composed of 50 patients and their family/caregivers, 60,00% of patients were female, 70,00% Caucasian, with a mean age of 11.43 years. The medical diagnostic of all patients (100,00%) was cerebral palsy and 91,17% presented malnutrition. Most patients, 92,00% made surgical gastrostomy. With respect to caregivers 98,00% were female, with mean age of 40.82 years old, 70,00% were Caucasian, 86,00% of families / caregivers are mothers themselves and the patients income with mean of 2.32 minimum salaries. About the difficulties most reported, by family / caregivers, there was the account of output of the tube ostomy with prevalence of 84,00% and 68,00% of family / caregivers told the occurrence of skin lesion. A gastrostomy is a procedure that assists in the patient's condition, helping the family care in homes, which has a preference for silicone tube at skin level (button). Becomes evident that although the service offers an appropriate structure, with a multidisciplinary team and ... / Mestre

Orientador: Madileine Francely Américo / Resumo: A contratilidade do músculo liso e o trânsito gastrintestinal (GI) são importantes parâmetros da motilidade, cujas alterações podem comprometer a absorção de nutrientes e a biodisponibilidade de fármacos. Diversos fármacos apresentam efeitos adversos associados ao trato GI e, mesmo aqueles utilizados para controlar esses efeitos, podem provocar alterações importantes na motilidade ainda pouco conhecidas. Camundongos das linhagens C57BL/6 e BALB/c são amplamente utilizados nas pesquisas biomédicas, entretanto poucos estudos consideram os parâmetros motores GI. Diante de métodos escassos para avaliar a motilidade in vivo e da importância de conhecer a fisiologia básica dos camundongos, bem como o efeito de fármacos sobre o trato GI, objetivou-se: 1) desenvolver protocolo para avaliação da contratilidade duodenal e trânsito gastrintestinal por meio da Biosusceptometria de Corrente Alternada (BAC), e avaliar comparativamente a morfologia e função gastrintestinal de camundongos das linhagens BALB/c e C57BL/6J e, 2) avaliar o efeito GI do tratamento com cisplatina e a influência da dexametasona como antiemético. A partir deste trabalho foi possível implementar um protocolo experimental inédito, por meio da BAC, para avaliar a contratilidade duodenal e o trânsito gastrintestinal em camundongos. Após prévia implantação de marcador magnético no duodeno de camundongos, observou-se uma alta e uma baixa frequência de contração, expressas em ciclos por minuto (cpm). BALB/c e C57BL/6J apre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The smooth muscle contractility and gastrointestinal (GI) transit are important parameters of motility, whose alterations may compromise nutrient absorption and bioavailability of drugs. Several drugs have side effects associated with the GI tract and, even those used to control these effects may cause significant changes in motility that are still poorly understood. Mice C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains are widely used in biomedical research, but a few studies consider the GI motor parameters. In front of scarce methods to evaluate the in vivo motility and the importance of knowing the basic physiology of the mice, as well as the effect of drugs on the GI tract. Then, the objectives of this study were 1) to develop protocol for the evaluation of duodenal contractility and gastrointestinal transit through Alternating Current Biosusceptometry (ACB), and comparing the morphology and gastrointestinal function of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice, and 2) to evaluate the GI effect of cisplatin treatment and the influence of dexamethasone as an antiemetic. From this work, it was possible to implement an original experimental protocol, through the BAC, to evaluate the duodenal contractility and the gastrointestinal transit in mice. After the previous implantation of a magnetic marker in the duodenum of mice, a high and low frequency of contraction, expressed in cycles per minute (cpm), was observed. BALB/c and C57BL/6J presented a high frequency of 40 cpm, while the low frequency in BALB/c was 29 ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Mucins are heavily glycosylated epithelial proteins. Under or overexpression of mucins may lead to several different types of dysfunctions. Mucins are under investigation as possible diagnostic markers for malignancies and other disease. This study examined the over/under expression of Mucin-3 in the presence of IP6. Three groups of six mice were fed varying levels of phytate (inositol 6-phosphate, IP6) for six days before being subjected to carbon dioxide asphyxiation. Sections of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, stomach, and colon were collected, lysed, and the tissue proteins were prepared and analyzed by Western Blot to determine Mucin-3 expression. The hypothesis was that the presence of phytate in the digestive tract would modulate the expression of Mucin 3. Results showed that on average, Mucin 3 expression in untreated tissue was higher in areas of the duodenum and jejunum and lower in the ileum and stomach. Presence of IP6 decreased expression of Mucin 3 in the stomach by one percent in the 1g/kg phytate group while increasing in the 2g/kg phytate group by one percent. The expression of Mucin 3 in the duodenum increased fifty-five and thirty-nine percent in the 1g/kg and 2g/kg phytate groups, respectively. Jejunum Mucin 3 expression was increased by ninety percent in both 1g/kg and 2g/kg phytate groups. The ileum 0g/kg and 2g/kg phytate groups had the same expression of Mucin 3, but the 1g/kg group had a thirty-six percent decrease.

Thesis (M. Agricultural Management (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / Ethno veterinary medicine practices are popular among the resource constrained small-holder farmers. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of traditional remedies particularly the indigenous plants has not been extensively documented. Hence, this study was conducted to determine efficacy of indigenous plant extracts used by small-holder farmers in Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa for internal parasites control. Information on indigenous plants used for the control of internal parasites of livestock by local farmers in the study area was gathered through a questionnaire survey. A total of 188 livestock farmers (both males and females) of mixed ages were interviewed. Thirteen different plants were frequently mentioned by the respondents as remedies for livestock internal parasites. Of these, seven plants could be identified up to their families and species. Plant species collected were Dicerocaryum sp (50%), Pappeacapensis (61%), Aloe ferox (90%), Helichrysum sp (56%), Senecio congestus (83%), Senecio barbertonicus (67%) and Gardenia sp (73%). These plants were extracted using distilled water and analysed to determine their efficacy through in vitro assays; Egg hatch, larval development and larval mortality assays. All the assays were performed at different concentrations of 2.5mg/ml, 5.0mg/ml and 7.5mg/ml. The nematode third stage larvae were incubated for 24hr, 48hr and 72hr during the larval mortality assay. The present study showed that all the seven-plant species under investigation possessed some anthelmintic activities of varying strength. The highest egg hatch inhibition was observed from the extracts of Senecio barbertonicus with 100 % and the lowest from Dicerocaryum eriocarpum with 2.25 %, for larval development the highest was Gardenia sp 100 % and the lowest Helichrysum sp 26 % at concentration 7.5 mg/mL respectively. Whereas, the highest in larval mortality assay was Senecio barbertonicus and Gardenia sp achieved 100 % after 48hrs and the lowest was Dicerocaryum eriocarpum with49.89 % after 72hrs at concentration 7.5 mg/mL respectively. The use of other different forms of extraction media is recommended because different results can observe and be compared with the results of the present study. Toxicity studies on the indigenous plants observed to have stronger anthelmintic activities would assist in the future recommendation of these remedies for large scale or commercial use as anthelmintic drugs. Keywords: ethno veterinary medicine, gastrointestinal parasites, anthelmintic

Bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in intestinal motility, inflammation, homeostasis, and behavior. Bacteria, through the natural synthesis of neuroactive compounds and secondary metabolites, can modulate the host immune system and communicate with the host along the signaling pathway along the gut-brain axis. Here, we functionally design, develop, test, and characterize a platform for the study of microbial-host interactions using advancements in the field of synthetic biology. First, we describe the engineering of Escherichia coli Nissle to biosynthesize serotonin within the mammalian gut using a native-plasmid optimized approach. Serotonin is crucial for neurotransmission throughout the body and may be playing a role in microbial gut-brain communication. In the gastrointestinal tract, serotonin regulates intestinal motility, cell turnover, intestinal inflammation, and gastrointestinal homeostasis. Upon serial daily oral gavages, our engineered bacterium populates a murine colon to produce serotonin locally in the mucosa layers along the epithelial lining. Changes in host physiology were observed including decreased gastrointestinal motility, increased colonic Muc2 expression, induction of host TPH2, responsible for serotonin biosynthesis in enteric neurons, and upregulation of serotonin receptors HTR3, HTR4, and HTR7 in the colon. Behavioral tests revealed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety and depression in stress-induced environments in mice treated with the engineered bacterium. This work suggests that gut bacteria engineered to modulate host gut-brain axis may have both scientific and clinical uses to study microbial-host interactions and treat gastrointestinal and behavioral mood disorders in humans. Second, we engineered bacteria to produce exogenous butyrate and other SCFAs in the murine gut. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in intestinal homeostasis, fluid dynamics, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal hypersensitivity and motility. With this development, we characterized the effects of our butyrate-producing bacteria on a high-fat diet and DSS-induced colitis model within the colon. Although energetically burdensome to produce, our strains produced butyrate in the colon at higher density in an actively inflamed colitis model. After 14 days of oral administration, our engineered strain (EcN:B) increased the colon length of normal wild-type mice, in high fat fed mice, and in mice with recovering and actively inflamed DSS-induced colitis. EcN:B increased mucosal barrier thickness, upregulated gene expression of the barrier integrity markers Cldn1, Ocln, Zo1, and altered crypt and villus height during inflammation recovery. Furthermore, as butyrate is known to induce Foxp3+ Regulatory T cells, we saw a 13.01% percent increase in Foxp3+ cells in the colon of mice fed our engineered bacteria. This work suggests that synthetic gut bacteria engineered to produce short chain fatty acids may have future clinical uses to treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn’s and Colitis with future potential to serve as a therapeutic for irritable bowel syndrome, idiopathic constipation, obesity, and colorectal cancer. This platform, with the use of synthetic biology to natively engineer Escherichia coli Nissle to produce bioactive compounds in the distal gastrointestinal tract, creates a framework for future characterization of bacterial-host communication and future microbial-based therapeutics.

Demoralization is a concept that evolved out of the study of individuals under stress. It is defined as the combination of distress and subjective incompetence in the presence of inadequate social bonds. When patients with alcohol abuse problems are diagnosed with cancer they may become demoralized and be unable to summons adequate resources to address issues associated with changing their addictive behavior. The Stage of Change Model (SOC), one of the primary approaches in addiction therapy, is used to guide individuals through the process of behavioral change. This two phase study examined the relationship between demoralization and stage of change. The fist phase was a retrospective chart review (N =112) intended to establish the psychometrics of a new instrument measuring the subjective incompetence component of demoralization. The twelve item Subjective Incompetence Scale (SIS) demonstrated strong internal consistency (.92) and strong indices of being a reliable and valid measure. As expected there was a weak relationship in a positive direction with pain and confusion, a moderate and positive relationship with avoidant coping, and a strong and positive relationship depression, anger and fatigue. There was a moderate and negative correlation with apathy which was also in the direction expected. Phase two was a correlational study using a survey research design, aimed at examining the relationship between alcohol use, depression, level of demoralization and stage of change. The study was done on a convenience sample of patients in colorectal and gastrointestinal clinics at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center (N=71). Depression and demoralization were found to be distinct but related constructs. Level of alcohol consumption was not correlated with SOC. The components of demoralization were regressed on Stage of Change to determine their predictive value. Social support (ISELSF), perceived stress (IES) and subjective incompetence (SIS) resulted in a significant increment in variance explained ( R2 ). The whole model produced R2 =.284, F (7, 53) = 2.847, p =.013 which explained a significant portion of the variance in stage of change. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.

Actuellement, 70 % de la population mondiale est concernée par la baisse génétiquement programmée de l’activité de la lactase. Pour ces sujets, la consommation de lactose peut entrainer de sévères troubles digestifs. Les produits diététiques étudiés, réhydratés à l’aide de lait par le consommateur, sont donc potentiellement source d’inconforts. La première partie de ce projet s’est par conséquent attachée à développer des moyens permettant l’obtention de produits convenant à la majorité de la population intolérante au lactose. Dans le même temps, de plus en plus conscient du lien étroit liant alimentation, santé et bien être, le consommateur tend depuis quelques années à modifier ses habitudes alimentaires. Cela se traduit par un intérêt grandissant pour les aliments « santé ». La formulation de tels produits se heurte toutefois encore au manque de connaissances quant à la biodisponibilité de certains macro et micronutriments. Ce projet à visée industrielle propose par conséquent d’optimiser la digestibilité de l’amidon et des protéines contenus dans différents produits diététiques destinés à remplacer l’intégralité de la ration journalière. Pour ce faire, la digestibilité de différentes sources d’amidon (blé, maïs, maïs cireux, manioc, pomme de terre, riz et riz cireux) et de différentes protéines (caséines, concentrat de protéines de lait, isolat de protéines de pois, poudre de blanc d’œuf, concentrat de protéines sériques et isolat de protéines de soja) a été étudiée in vitro et comparée / Currently, 70% of the world population is affected by the genetically programmed decline in lactase activity. For these subjects, lactose consumption can cause severe digestive disorders. The studied dietetic products, usually rehydrated with milk by the consumer before use, are hence a potential source of digestive discomfort. The first part of this project deals therefore with development ways in order to obtain suitable products for the majority of lactose intolerant population. Laterraly, increasingly aware of the close link between food and health, consumers tend to change their eating habits. This is reflected by a growing interest in "healthy" foods. The formulation of these products is however still hampered by a lack of knowledge about some macro and micronutrients bioavailability. This industrial project aims to maximize the digestibility of starch and protein contained in dietary products replacing the entire daily ration. The digestibility of different starch sources (wheat, corn, waxy maize, cassava, potato, waxy rice and rice) and different food proteins (caseins, milk protein concentrate, pea protein isolate, egg white powder, whey protein concentrate and soya protein isolate) has thus been studied and compared in vitro

H. pylori is one of the most significant discoveries in gastroenterology in the past century. It is associated with a wide range of gastroduodenal pathologies and gastric cancer. Antibiotic resistance in H. pylori has emerged as a significant clinical problem. The body of work contained within this dissertation was carried out to investigate an alternative therapy based on observations of the traditional therapy for gastric disease in the Middle East. One of these traditional therapies centres on plants belonging to the Pistacia genus. This study represents the first reported investigation into the composition and biological activity of the trunk bark exudates of Pistacia atlantica Kurdic (P. a. Kurdica), Pistacia atlantica Mutica (P. a. Mutica) and Pistacia atlantica Cabolica (P. a. Cabolica), resinous gums that have been termed here ‘Kurdica Gum’, ‘Mutica Gum ’ and ‘Cabolica Gum ’ respectively. The antimicrobial screening of the trunk exudates of the genus Pistacia led to the characterization of the most active fraction of the Kurdica gum. This fraction was subsequently subjected to sub-fractionation leading to the discovery of fundamentally new information that went beyond H. pylori, expanding the original parameters of the project. The extent of these findings suggests that new classes of antibiotics might have been discovered. Primary studies on their structure and potential mechanism of action has been undertaken. Thirteen novel antimicrobial agents were identified. Based on the characteristics of these isolated fractions, 50 new compounds were modelled; of which 30 hypothetically have an MIC consistent with contemporary antibiotics and could represent viable lead compounds for commercial development. / Doctor of Philosophy

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is ranked as the second most common fatal malignancy worldwide. Although Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a major predisposing factor for non-cardia GC, infection alone is not sufficient to cause cancer. This thesis aimed to determine the variation in host genetic polymorphisms in subjects from Malaysia and Singapore and to examine the role of H. pylori infection, host genetic factors and dietary factors in the etiology of non-cardia GC in Chinese subjects resident in Malaysia. Methods: Functional dyspepsia (FD) controls from three ethnic groups in Malaysia, Chinese (123), Indian (110) and Malay (84) and Singaporean Chinese (127) plus Malaysian Chinese gastric cancer cases (55)were examined. Polymorphisms in IL-1B-511, IL-1RN, IL-10 cluster, TNFA-308 and TLR5+1174 were determined by PCR-RFLP or PCR; H. pylori status by serology, dietary intake by questionnaire and gastric IL-1b levels by real time PCR. Results: 1) Significant differences existed in the frequency of all polymorphisms, except IL-1B-1473 and TNFA-308, in the three Malaysian ethnic groups and in the IL-1B-511 polymorphism in Malaysian and Singaporean Chinese FD 2) Globally, two distinct patterns of IL-1B-511, IL-1RN, IL-10-1082, IL-10-592 and TNFA-308 exist, Western and East-Asian 3) In Malaysian Malays, the IL-10 ATA haplotype was associated with H. pylori susceptibility 4) In Malaysian Chinese an increased risk of GC was associated with carriage of the IL-1B-1473 G allele {OR=4.4(1.3-15.3)} and the IL-1B-511 C allele {OR=1.8(0.8-4.1)} 5) Increased levels of IL-1b were observed in Singaporean and Malaysian Chinese FD subjects carrying the IL-1-511C and IL-1-1473G alleles 6) Malaysian Chinese not consuming fresh fruit and vegetables had the highest risk of GC {OR=10.2 (3.4-30.6)} 7) The highest risk of GC {OR=37.3(3.3-424.8)} was observed in H. pylori positive Malaysian Chinese who carried both the IL-1B-511C and IL-1B-1473G alleles and did not consume fresh fruit and vegetables. Conclusions: In Malaysian Chinese, H. pylori infection, host genetic and dietary factors all contribute to the risk of GC. However the significant difference observed in the frequency of host genetic polymorphisms within and between ethnic groups suggests that a single group of risk factors cannot be used to determine GC risk across all populations.

Bibliography: leaves 197-220. / xv, 220 leaves : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Analyses some general problems of laparoscopy, particularly in relation to induced physiological disturbances; by development and evaluation of new applications in laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery ; and by assessing the efficacy of laparoscopic procedures which have already entered rountine practice. / Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Surgery, 1996?