Abstract The purpose of the thesis has been to investigate the relation between human capital and economic growth in developing countries around the world. The main research question is how the human capital impact on the economic growth in developing countries during the period of 2010 -2015.The world is mainly divided into two major groups, which are Developed & Developing countries, as well as poor & rich countries. In this thesis mainly concern only developing and poor countries and their role of the economic growth. The key factors of economic growth are GDP/capita, per capita income, birth rate, death rate, population growth rate, life expectancy at birth, working age population, education, literacy rate and investment in technology. The world is populated day by day such has never been before. In the past history it look back to 123 years to increased from one billion to two billion from 1804 to 1927.Then, next billion took 33 years. The following two billions took 14 years and 13 years, respectively (Ray, Development Economics).             The data has been taken from the Developing countries around the world which is taken a cross sectional data set and data has been analysed with multiple liner regressions model with ordinary least squares (OLS). For this purpose which applied the difference tools & theory which are human capital and technology development, economic growth, norms, externalities and human social capital.   The previous studies is examined the most important factors of economic development that is economic growth and human capital investment. Similarly, the theoretical discussion is described the Solow model, human capital theory, technological progress, demographic transition and social capital. For examine the data is divided into two groups which are dependent and independent variables. Economic growth GDP/capita, GDP/capita growth rate are dependent variable and Ln. GDP initial, life expectancy at birth, population growth rate, education, working age population and investment in technology are independent variables.   This analysis shows the majority of the variables in the study have positive significant relation to the GDP/capita growth. This result furthermore support the developing countries provides insight on the world economic development status towards the independents variables.

The remote sensing technology is increasingly being used to study land use and vegetation cover changes and identify changes that has occur through different land use activities which may have negative impact on the sustainability of the environment, biodiversity protection and conservation. With increase in population growth rate in Sudan, there has been an increase for food crop production with agriculture playing a prominent role in livelihood security for the increasing population.   The increase use of irrigation and mechanisation has brought about an increase in demand for agricultural land use in Sudan with the conversion of other land use types and vegetation for agricultural land use. This does have effect and impact on the vegetation and environment with the country highly exposed to the incidence of environmental and social hazards and disasters including drought and desertification, deforestations, floods, loss of biodiversity, ethnic conflicts and poverty.   The research study work focused on agricultural land use changes in the country with the aim of investigating the agricultural land use changes that has occurred in the country from 1986 to 2002 using the remote sensing technique. This is important for agricultural land use planning and sustainability monitoring to reduce the negative impact of agricultural land use for crop production and increase long term resource use and environmental sustainability. Two remote sensing methods were used for the classification analysis to identify the land use changes namely the NDVI and the parallelepiped classification techniques. The NDVI method was used to identify the changes in the agricultural land use vegetation cover classes and determine the magnitude of changes in land area use that has occurred from 1986 to 2002 when the former and latter remote sensing images were acquired. The parallelepiped classification technique was however used to identify the aggregate agricultural land use changes in the area of study and conversion to and from other categories of land use. A qualitative analytic technique was also used to identify the possible causes of the changes that have occurred in Sudan in the study period using empirical materials.   The research study result gives information on the role the remote sensing technology can play in analyzing land use cover changes for agricultural land use sustainability monitoring.

This study investigated how the replacement of domestic savings by foreign savings for appreciation of exchange rates influenced the Brazilian economic growth from 1995 to 2012. After implementing the Real Plan, Brazil adopted a stabilization and growth strategy based on a wide use of foreign capital. At first, this strategy controlled the exchange rates in appreciated levels and contributed to the convergence of domestic and foreign prices. Nonetheless, it contributed, over time, to a loss of competitiveness of national industry, an increase of the federal debt and an excessive dependence on foreign savings. The conventional theory states that foreign savings may supplement insufficient domestic savings in order to increase investments in a country. However, econometric analyses with an error correction mechanism were performed, showing that the Brazilian domestic savings were negatively affected by the federal debt and foreign savings. Furthermore, they also showed that the GDP was negatively impacted by the exchange rate appreciation during the study period. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the reduction of external dependence is necessary to reduce the interest rates, avoid the substitution of savings and make more domestic resources available for investment. Additionally, they showed that depreciations on the exchange rates can contribute to a long term Brazilian economic growth. / O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de investigar o impacto do uso da poupança externa na substituição da poupança interna e na apreciação da taxa de câmbio, bem como a influência dessas variáveis sobre o crescimento econômico brasileiro entre 1995 e 2012. O Brasil, após a implantação do plano real, adotou uma estratégia de estabilização e crescimento pautados na larga utilização de capitais estrangeiros. Isso, apesar de contribuir, em um primeiro momento, para controle da taxa de câmbio em níveis apreciados e para a convergência dos preços internos com os externos, contribuiu, ao longo do tempo, para o desenvolvimento de uma excessiva dependência da poupança externa, perda de competitividade da indústria nacional e aumento da dívida pública federal. A teoria convencional diz que a insuficiente poupança interna em um país pode ser complementada pela poupança externa, a fim de alavancar os investimentos. No entanto, as análises econométricas realizadas com mecanismo de correção de erros demonstraram que a poupança interna brasileira foi impactada negativamente pela poupança externa e pela dívida pública federal. Não obstante, o PIB, no período estudado, foi influenciado negativamente pela tendência de apreciação cambial. Portanto, os resultados direcionam para a necessidade da diminuição da dependência externa, a fim de permitir redução da taxa de juros, evitar a substituição entre as poupanças e permitir maior disponibilidade de recursos domésticos para investimento. Adicionalmente, demonstram que depreciações na taxa de câmbio são capazes de contribuir para o crescimento econômico brasileiro de longo prazo.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether Okun’s law is valid within Sweden. Furthermore, we are also interested in studying how it varies with different genders and age groups. Quarterly data on GDP and unemployment between the years 1980 to 2015 is used. Three different models have been tested on their ability to estimate Okun’s law and the model with the highest explanatory power was chosen. The results show that unemployment among men are more affected by changes in GDP growth than women, which likely is because more men tend to work in the private sector and women in the public sector. Young workers are also affected to a greater degree than older workers, due to how the employment protection act (LAS) works in Sweden. / Syftet med uppsatsen är främst att undersöka den så kallade Okuns lag i Sverige, och mer specifikt studera om sambandet varierar mellan kön och åldersgrupper. Kvartalsdata på BNP och arbetslöshet mellan åren 1980 till 2015 har använts. Tre olika modeller har testats på hur väl de kunde förklara Okuns lag i Sverige, varav den ena modellen hade högre förklaringsgrad. Resultaten visar att män påverkades till en högre grad av förändringar i ekonomins tillväxt än kvinnor. Detta beror sannolikt på att män i högre grad tenderar att jobba inom den privata sektorn och kvinnor inom offentliga sektorn, vilken inte är lika känslig för konjunktursvängningar. Vi fann även att yngre arbetare påverkas till en högre grad än äldre av förändringar i ekonomins tillväxt. Detta beror sannolikt på hur lagen om anställningsskydd (LAS) är uppbyggd i Sverige.

This thesis examines whether the McCallum´s rule, which targets nominal GDP using the monetary base as its instrument, would be more successful in achieving the goal of smoother path of nominal GDP with inflation staying on target, had it been in place of the actual historical monetary policy in the Czech Republic. To assess the performance of McCallum´s rule, I calculate simulated paths for nominal GDP and money base, using counterfactual simulation method. The results suggest that, compared to the historical monetary policy, the rule would not be able to secure a smoother path of nominal GDP and would bring only a slight improvement in the central bank´s ability to keep average inflation on its target. These results are not convincing enough to support a decision in favor of replacing the current regime of inflation targeting with nominal GDP targeting regime based on McCallum´s rule. Even so, it would be possible to use the rule under the current regime as a benchmark or a monitoring tool for assessing the stance of monetary policy.

This diploma thesis interprets processes of contemporary economic development in Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, whereas it is focused on the comparision of selected macroeconomic indicators and at the same time some main factors, which significantly influence the economic development in the area, are highlighted. According to the diploma thesis structure - chosen geographical, demographic, social and regional attributes are identified at first. Afterwards a brief view of transformation process to the free market economies leads to the chronologically organized characteristics of an economic development in the territory. The period of a primary interest begins with a phase 2003-2007 while the year 2008 and predictions of an on-coming development are discussed separately. The very last chapter recapitulates a progress in the euro adoption process and then examines an actual convergence criteria fulfilling in countries, which the euro currency haven't adopted (until 1. 1. 2009) yet.

This thesis characterizes the basic macroeconomic indicators of the economy of Austria and its economic development. Generaly I outlined the strengths of the Austrian economy, including the consequences of massive financial crisis. In the introduction I described the general characteristic and economy of Austria and all nine Federal Republics. I defined time periods the economy of Austria, which I generally characterized, with emphasis on the forecast of economic development in 2009 and 2010. The thesis also describes the preparation of Austria to join the European Union with a focus on economic co-operation of Austria and the European Community before its entry into the EU. Also, I attend to the economic development of Austria joining the EU. I deal with foreign trade of Austria with an emphasis on the commodity and territorial structure of exports and imports and the financial sector. The thesis also solves the questions of mutual cooperation of Austria and the Czech Republic.

The key question for this thesis is how to influence decision makers to make their decisions in favour of the society's well-being. This work studies which indicators are suitable in doing so. If it could be gross domestic product or if it is necessary to take into account more indicators. Theoretical background which describes the decision making in politics and the material and nonmaterial output of the economy is then elaborated on the case study of Czech Republic.

The advance of information and communication technology speeds up year by year. At the same time, methodologies for objective measurement of the benefits of ICTs are still lacking behind. This difference then forms a void of unsatisfied information requirements about the state of ICTs from a business as well as national economy's point of view. This thesis summarizes theoretical background about possible ways of viewing and measuring ICT benefits (be that benefits for a person, society as a whole or economy as a whole). The practical part of the thesis analyzes data describing the state of ICT sector in the Czech economy. The first part looks at ways of measuring ICT benefits as they are seen by a number of other authors and described in many studies. This provides a summary of the possibilities to consider when looking at our topic. The second part uses conclusions from previous works on similar topics to set some recommendations for policy improvement as well as social development that will enable maximizing the achieved utility of ICTs. Third part evaluates the position of ICT sector in the Czech Republic by analyzing basic statistical data about the economic and employment impact of all ICT firms as a whole. This is compared to other sectors of the Czech economy. Last part provides a detailed description of the process to calculate output and employment multipliers for all the sectors of Czech economy and then calculates these values according to the process. In the end, there is a summary of the theoretical and practical findings described in all preceding chapters.

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze and compare the economic development of Finland and Sweden with the emphasis of the current economic crisis. The first chapter presents basic characteristics of both economies and their development till 2008. The second chapter shows the development of both economies from the beginning of the crisis until now. The chapter is divided into sub-chapters that analyze individual economic indicators.