Sexual economics theory (SET) innebär att kvinnor kan använda sin sexualitet som resurs mot mäns materiella och emotionella resurser. Sexual double standards (SDS) innebär att män och kvinnor uppmanar män men avråder kvinnor från casual sex. Ökad medvetenhet kan leda till att skillnader mellan råd till män respektive kvinnor undviks, vilket minskar SDS och främjar jämställdhet. Studien undersökte om SET har fäste i ett samhälle som anses jämställt. Ett tillgänglighetsurval på 125 kvinnor och 75 män gjordes vid en högskola i Mellansverige. Enkätundersökningen berörde råd om casual sex, aspekter som söks i en partner samt påståenden relaterade till SET. Män uppvisade SDS eftersom de uppmanade andra män mer än de uppmanade kvinnor till casual sex. Däremot visade kvinnor tendens till omvänd SDS gällande casual sex, vilket tyder på ojämställdhet i Sverige. I framtida studier rekommenderas specificering av person som får råd, då mätningen blir mer reliabel och resultat kan generaliseras.

Unsustainable meat consumption contributes to climate change. That is why consumers are advised to behave in an environmentally responsible manner and reduce their consumption of meat products. When it comes to willingness to reduce meat consumption, differences between female and male consumers have been identified. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate what motivating factors influence consumers' decision to reduce the consumption of meat products, and what is determined by influence of gender differences. Furthermore, the results of the analysis will help to find if consumers are willing to reduce meat consumption and if there are any similarities or differences between gender and their values towards meat consumption and the reduction of it. In order to get a deeper understanding of gender values towards reduction of meat consumption, a quantitative method and explanative design were applied and data was collected using online focus groups, male and female students from Kristianstad University. The results show that most of the respondents are willing to reduce the consumption of meat. Moreover, there were observed that some of the masculine attributes were more concerned about ethical issue such as animal welfare, meanwhile feminine - health issues and food safety. This thesis has laid a good foundation for possible future research about gender and sustainable meat consumption. Moreover, potentially it might help marketers to adopt their strategies to suit the nutritional needs of the different genders

Bakgrund: Hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar är en vanlig dödsorsak i världen och i Sverige. Hjärtinfarkt orsakas av ateroskleros som i sin tur leder till syrebrist i hjärtmuskulaturen. Symtombilden är individuell och symtom som bröstsmärta, illamående och andningspåverkan kan förekomma. Förekomsten av att drabbas av hjärt- och kärlsjukdom skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva och jämföra kvinnor och mäns symtombild vid hjärtinfarkt samt att granska undersökningsgrupper i de valda studierna. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie. 13 kvantitativa artiklar valdes ut till den föreliggande litteraturstudien. Huvudresultat: Bröstsmärta var det vanligaste och mest förekommande symtomet hos både män och kvinnor vid hjärtinfarkt. Kvinnor beskrev mer ryggsmärta, smärta lokaliserat till skulderbladen och nacksmärta. Män rapporterade mer smärta i höger sida av bröstkorgen och arm. Illamående, andningsbesvär och svaghetskänsla visade sig mer förekommande hos kvinnor medan män presenterade mer svettningar. Tydliga skillnader fanns i antal rapporterade symtom i samband med hjärtinfarkt, kvinnor rapporterade fler än män. Slutsats: Det framkom både likheter och skillnader i män och kvinnors symtombild vid hjärtinfarkt, symtomen var varierande och individuella. För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna tillgodose patientens individuella omvårdnadsbehov krävs kunskap om hjärtinfarktens varierande symtombild. Detta är viktigt för att i god tid kunna handla korrekt för att förhindra komplikationer och bestående men hos patienter som drabbas av hjärtinfarkt. Mer forskning inom området skulle öka kunskapen hos sjuksköterskan och bidra till en bättre omvårdnad för patienter som drabbas av hjärtinfarkt. / Background: Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of death in the world and in Sweden. Myocardial infarction is caused by atherosclerosis, which in turn leads to hypoxia in the heart muscles. The symptoms are individual and symptoms such as chest pain, nausea and respiratory effects may occur. The existence of suffering from cardiovascular disease differ between men and women. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and compare women's and men's symptoms of myocardial infarction and to review the study groups in the selected studies. Method: A descriptive literature. 13 quantitative articles were selected to the present literaturestudy. Main Results: Chest pain was the most common symptom in both men and women with myocardial infarction. Women described more frequent back pain, pain localized to the shoulder blades and neck pain. Men reported more pain in the right side of the chest and arm. Nausea, dyspnea and weakness proved to be more common in women, while men presented more sweating. Distinct differences were found in the number of reported symptoms associated with a myocardial infarction, women reported more symptoms than men. Conclusion: The litteraturstudy revealed both similarities and differences in men's and women's symptoms of myocardial infarction, symptoms were variable and individual. For the nurse to meet individual patient care needs requires knowledge of myocardial infarctions varying symptoms. This is important in order to act properly and in an early stage to prevent complications and permanent damage in patients who suffer from myocardial infarction. More research in this area would empower the nurse and contribute to better care for patients who suffer from myocardial infarction.

This study measured the relationships between locus of control, students' perception of the schedule of teacher reinforcement, and academic achievement. The Intellectual Achievement Responsibility questionnaire, Perception of Teacher Reinforcement scale, and Wide Range Achievement Test were used to measure these variables. All subscores of the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility questionnaire correlated significantly with achievement for the females, but no relationships were found for the males. Perception of the teacher as partially rewarding was significantly correlated with reading, spelling, and total achievement for the males and with reading and arithmetic achievement for the females. Perception of the teacher as partially punishing was significantly correlated with arithmetic achievement for the males, but was not related to achievement for the females.

The main objective of this investigation was to study the influence of sex on extreme response style as measured by a semantic differential. The previous studies led to a general hypothesis formulated as follows. Normal males and females differ from each other with regard to their mean extreme response style scores with females having the greater extreme response scores on the semantic differential.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The aim of this thesis was to present a comprehensive overview of current knowledge in the field of gender research and social cognition as well as to contribute with results of my own research. The biggest emphasis of the theoretical part lies on stereotypes and gender differences in personality characteristics, topics that are closely related to the research part of this paper. The empirical part answers the question whether information about the sex of a person has impact on how we assess this person's personality. After reading a short biography of a fictitious person, respondents described this person on 30 items of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974). Results showed that respondents rated some characteristics differently for the male figure than the woman figure. Respondents of both sexes perceived the described man as significantly less Forceful and less Defending his own believes than the described woman. Although not always significantly, all 10 items satiating the BSRI masculinity score showed the same tendency to evaluate the figure of the man as less masculine than the figure of the woman. Part of the Discussion is dedicated to possible interpretations of these results. To obtain a deeper understanding, further research is required.

This qualitative interview study aims to examine the work of change regarding IntimatePartner Violence (IPV), through the voices of seven change workers at Non-GovernmentalOrganizations (NGO) in Nairobi, Kenya. The focus lies on identifying worker’s expresseddefinitions and comprehensions of violence and in what ways those affect the work of changein sectors as victim support, awareness creation & changing societal attitudes and norms. Athematic analysis reveals two themes of social and cultural norms, which emerges as themain comprehensions of violence; as well as essential components of the work of change.Feminist theory enables the image of gendered, embodied norms that supports the hierarchalstructure of marriage and women’s subordination. Findings of social and cultural normsinclude IPV as a loving form to discipline a woman, marital rape does not exist and womenshould stay in marriage. Furthermore, this study presents a mutual understanding of IPV bythe change workers, but with various ways to create change. Obstacles for the eradication ofIPV is presented as lack of shelters, lack of legal implementation, as well as lack ofknowledge within the police force. Key findings include an ambivalent perspective from thechange workers concerning women’s subordination. Most worked against it, while sometaught it, so women could “escape” violence by becoming more submissive. Throughout, IPVis expressed in gender-neutral terms, but interviews reveal the perspective of genderasymmetry and that IPV is a form of violence directed towards women by men.

ABSTRACT The two disorders of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movements (PLM) are well recognised as fairly common neurological disorders. The presentation is of a sensory and motor component suggestive of a state of hyperexcitability of the nervous system. The underlying abnormality is believed to involve a dopamine deficiency but many of characteristics of the disorders have not been adequately described or quantified. I investigated, firstly, the possible reasons for the gender bias in the prevalence studies and found that women were more likely to have some associated conditions which may be related to RLS as well as a higher symptom load when compared to men subjects with RLS. I then looked at the problems of analysing the sensations occurring in RLS. Due to the lack of an adequate measuring tool and the possibility of a relationship between the sensations of RLS and those of pain, I used a validated descriptive pain questionnaire (the McGill pain questionnaire) to measure the sensations of RLS. Subjects with RLS were able to describe the sensations with the pain questionnaire and severity indices calculated from the McGill correlated well with measures of RLS severity but not with other intensity measures for pain. In the area of motor events I investigated the possibility of creating a classification system for the muscle activations documented as PLM. I recorded multiple muscle groups in the legs during sleep and devised a classification using sequence of activation and timing of activations from the different muscles. I also used the classification to show subtle changes in the leg activation patterns associated with change in sleep stage.

Ledarrollen definieras ofta stereotypiskt manligt vilket kan vara en möjlig förklaring till det låga antal kvinnor i höga ledarpositioner. Kvinnor anses vara mindre lämpade på grund av den stereotypa kvinnliga könsrollen. Studien undersökte om manliga och kvinnliga mellanchefer skulle bedömas olika beroende på om de visade stereotypiskt manligt (agentic) eller kvinnligt (communal) beteende. De 176 högskolestudenter, varav 80 kvinnor, som deltog läste en vinjett där chefsagerande utifrån könsstereotypa egenskaper samt chefernas kön varierades. Därefter skattade de chefernas grad av communal och agentic egenskaper, samt hur positivt de uppfattade cheferna. Trevägs-ANOVOR visade att kvinnor, till skillnad från män, skattade manliga chefer mer positivt än kvinnliga chefer. Communal chefer bedömdes generellt vara bättre chefer och mer lämpade för rollen än agentic chefer. Resultaten gick emot tidigare studier samt studiens hypoteser, vilket tyder på att en eventuell förändring av den traditionella synen på ledarskap kan vara på gång.