Background: Teacher job satisfaction is considered an important topic in the education field. Many variables impact teacher job satisfaction. This study examined teacher participation in decision-making and its relation to teacher job satisfaction in ten public middle schools in the north of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also sought to determine the impacts of gender and teaching experience on job satisfaction and participation in decision-making. Methods: A quantitative method with descriptive and inferential statistics was used, as well as a correlational analysis of the data. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between teachers' participation in decision making and their job satisfaction. Ten public middle schools (located in north of Riyadh) were randomly chosen for this study. Of these, five were chosen for the male sample, totaling 62 teachers. Another five middle schools were chosen for the female sample, totaling 72 teachers. Accordingly, a total of 134 teachers of both genders participated in the study. Instrument: Two valid and reliable surveys were developed by (Aldeeka and Khasawneh, 2021). The participants were given two surveys to complete. The first survey for job satisfaction included four domains. The second survey for participation in decision-making also included four domains. The surveys had a total of 54 questions. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Job satisfaction was shown as a dependent variable, whereas decision-making participation was the independent variable. Gender and teaching experiences were as controlling variables. Findings: The major finding of the study were as follows: 1) There was a positive correlation between job satisfaction and participation in decision-making (r (134) = .468, p <.001); 2) There was no difference in job satisfaction between males and females; 3) There was no difference in participation in decision-making between males and females; 4) There was a difference for teaching experience in relation to job satisfaction; 5) There was no difference between participation in decision-making in relation to teaching experiences; and 6) The level of job satisfaction and participation in decision making for the total sample considered within average level. The findings aim to support educational policymakers in the education field. Additionally, various recommendations were put forward to boost teachers' job satisfaction. / Doctor of Philosophy / This study sought to highlight the importance of participation in decision-making and its relation to teacher job satisfaction. Moreover, the study also identified the impacts of gender, and teaching experience on job satisfaction and participation in decision-making. The study sample included 134 male and female teachers. 10 public middle schools, located in the north of Riyadh, were randomly selected. Two survey instruments, considered valid and reliable, were developed by (Aldeeka and Khasawneh, 2021) and used in the study. The results suggest there is a positive correlation between participation in decision-making and job satisfaction. Furthermore, there was no difference in job satisfaction and participation in decision-making between genders. In addition, the study found that there was a difference between the extent of teaching experience in relation to job satisfaction. However, no difference was found between the extent of teaching experience and participation in decision-making. Finally, the level of job satisfaction and participation in decision making for the total sample was considered average according to the scale which developed by Aldeeka and Khasawneh (2021).

The purpose of this study is to provide a more reflective climate for the teaching of games in Hong Kong and if appropriate, to start the process of introducing a different teaching approach. The current climate of games teaching in Hong Kong was evidenced by the review of the P. E. syllabus, the feedback collected from the P. E. lecturers, national governing bodies and P. E. teachers who are in favour of the traditional approach. Interestingly, 47 out of 155 teachers (30.4%) found difficulty with the existing teaching approach. A pilot study and two workshops provided encouraging results to pave the road for the main and second trial teachings. To suit the culture in Hong Kong, the modified cognitive approach was adopted in the main trial teaching and then followed by the cognitive approach (teaching games for understanding) in the second trial teaching. Two groups of 8 experienced and inexperienced P. E. teachers (4 male and 4 female) were invited to teach Basketball and Volleyball to 420 students in two trials of teaching. Two sets of questionnaires were distributed to study the affective aspects of the teachers and students after each approach. A follow-up interview was designed to study teachers' changes one year after the workshop. For the teachers' responses in the Basketball group, significant results indicated that the teachers (t value 3.29 p<0.05) gained more enjoyment with the modified cognitive approach. The results in the follow-up interview indicated that they had different changesin fluencedb y the new approach.F or the students' responses of the Basketball and Volleyball groups, significant result showed that the boys obtained more enjoyment with the modified cognitive approach taught by the male teachers than the girls taught by the female teachers. No significant difference was found in the Basketball group but in the Volleyball group, the students were more enjoyable with the modified cognitive approach taught by the experienced teachers. The findings imply that since both the teachers and students felt comfortable and enjoyed teaching games with the understanding approach, it is an appropriate time to introduce it to Hong Kong.

The main aim of this paper is to explore preschol teachers' perspectives on the implementation of gender goals as set by the Swedish national curriculum for preschools. This qualitative research endeavours to investigate the way preschool teachers implement the curriculum and what their feelings are when implementing it. Finally, the research also seeks to explore the teachers' views based on their experience on ways to improve the curriculum. Six preschool teachers, who teach in international preschools in Sweden were interviewed;three female pedagogues and three male ones. A thematic analysis was conducted on the transcribed material of the interviews and three primary themes emerged: I) Implementation of the curriculum through everyday engagement with the students, II) mixed feelings when implementing gender-equality pedagogy and III) satisfaction about the gender goals set by the curriculum but beliefs that it can be improved. In conclusion, this paper by closely examining the preschool teachers' perspectives and opinions, seeks to aid the discussion on gender teaching to young children in preschools.