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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
301

The wisent Parser Generator

Preußer, Thomas 14 November 2012 (has links)
Objective: This document is not an introduction to parser generators. Readers should rather have a good understanding of them, especially of LALR parser generators. This document merely describes the main aspects of the implementation of a LALR parser generator named wisent. It is divided into a concise description of the programming interface and an overview over the data structures and specifics of the implementation of the wisent parser generator.
302

Herstellung, Simulation und Charakterisierung thermoelektrischer Generatoren auf Basis anisotroper Oxidmaterialien

Dreßler, Christian 18 September 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Die thermoelektrische Energiekonversion auf der Basis des Seebeck-Effekts ist eine Methode zur direkten Erzeugung elektrischer Energie aus thermischer Energie. Für die wesentlichen anwendungsrelevanten Parameter Temperaturbereich, elektrische Leistung und Herstellungskosten sind Materialauswahl und Aufbau der TEG entscheidend. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden erstmalig thermoelektrische Oxidkeramiken in monolithischen TEG verwendet, die auf der Grundlage des transversalen thermoelektrischen Effekts arbeiten. Die TEG wurden mit industriell skalierbaren Keramiktechnologien hergestellt, untersucht und hinsichtlich ihrer Parameter detailliert theoretisch und experimentell bewertet. Als Modellsystem für die Materialien wurde La1-xSrxCuO4 in Kombination mit Ag bzw. Ag6Pd1 verwendet. Es konnte belegt werden, dass diese monolithischen TEG im Bereich kleiner elektrischer Leistungen eine vorteilhafte Alternative zu herkömmlichen longitudinalen thermoelektrischen Generatoren sein können.
303

Systèmes multisources de récupération d'énergie dans l'environnement humain : modélisation et optimisation du dimensionnement / Multisource systems for harvesting energy in the human environment : modeling and sizing optimization

Lossec, Marianne 07 July 2011 (has links)
Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans la problématique de l'alimentation autonome de systèmes électroniques communicants fondée sur la récupération de l'énergie disponible dans l'environnement humain. Cette thèse traite du dimensionnement d'un générateur multisource (thermique, photovoltaïque et cinétique) avec stockage d'énergie. Afin d'optimiser le dimensionnement d'un tel système dans un contexte de ressources paramétrables, des modèles génériques, adaptés à une large plage de dimensions, ont été établis, à partir de technologies déjà existantes, et validés expérimentalement. L'approche système a permis d'étudier les nombreux couplages multiphysiques existants et de mieux dimensionner le système. Ainsi, il a été montré qu'optimiser le rendement global de toute la chaîne de conversion d'énergie conduit à des solutions différentes de celles résultant d'une optimisation du dimensionnement de chaque organe pris séparément. Enfin, dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, une étude a été menée sur l'impact du profil de consommation sur le dimensionnement du système. Cette étude a permis, sur le cas particulier d'une application réelle, de mettre en évidence le potentiel d'une gestion d'énergie en cas de ressources faibles notamment par l'adaptation des profils de consommation. / This work deals with the problematic of self-powered communicating electronic systems based onenergy harvesting in the human environment. This thesis addresses the sizing of a multisource generator(thermal, photovoltaic and kinetic) with energy storage. To optimize the sizing of such a systemin the context of configurable resources, generic models, adapted to a wide range of dimensions, wereestablished from existing technology, and validated experimentally. The system-level approach wasused to study the many existing multiphysics couplings to better size the system. Thus, it was shownthat optimizing the global efficiency of the whole energy conversion chain leads to solutions differentfrom those resulting from sizing optimization of each component separately. Finally, in the latter partof this thesis, a study was conducted on the impact of load profil on the sizing of the system. Thisstudy, on the particular case of a real application, highlight the potential for energy management inthe case of poor ressources, notably by adapting the load profils.
304

Direct grid connection and low voltage ride-through for a slip synchronous-permanent magnet wind turbine generator

Hoffmann, Ulwin 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The slip synchronous-permanent magnet generator (SS-PMG) is a direct-driven, direct-to-grid generator for wind turbine applications. This investigation focuses on achieving automated grid connection and low voltage ride-through for a small-scale SS-PMG. To reduce cost and complexity, components such as blade pitch controllers and frequency converters are avoided. Instead, electromagnetic braking is employed to control turbine speed prior to grid synchronisation and compensation resistances are used to facilitate grid fault ride-through. The conditions under which the SS-PMG can be successfully synchronised with the grid are determined, indicating a need for speed control. An evaluation of electromagnetic braking strategies reveals that satisfactory speed control performance can be achieved when employing back-to-back thyristors to switch in the braking load. Simulations show that controlled synchronisation can be executed successfully under turbulent wind conditions. All controllable parameters are held within safe limits, but the SS-PMG terminal voltage drop is higher than desired. Compensation is developed to allow the SS-PMG to ride through the voltage dip profile specified by the Irish distribution code. It is found that a combination of series and shunt resistances is necessary to shield the SS-PMG from the voltage dip, while balancing active power transfer. The flexibility offered by thyristor switching of the shunt braking load is instrumental in coping with turbulent wind conditions and unbalanced dips. The South African voltage dip profile is also managed with conditional success. Following on from the theoretical design, the grid connection controller is implemented for practical testing purposes. Protection functions are developed to ensure safe operation under various contingencies. Before testing, problems with the operation of the thyristors are overcome. Practical testing shows that grid synchronisation can be undertaken safely by obeying the theoretically determined conditions. The speed control mechanism is also shown to achieve acceptable dynamic performance. Finally, the SS-PMG is incorporated into a functioning wind turbine system and automated grid connection is demonstrated under turbulent wind conditions. Future investigations may be focused on optimal control strategies, alternative solid-state switching schemes, and reactive power control. Low voltage ride-through should also be optimised for the South African dip profile and validated experimentally. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die glip-sinchroon permanente magneet generator (GS-PMG) is ‘n direkte dryf, direkte netwerkgekoppelde generator vir windturbine toepassings. Hierdie ondersoek fokus op die bereiking van ’n ge-outomatiseerde netwerkkoppeling en lae spanning deurry vir ‘n kleinskaalse GS-PMG. Om kostes en kompleksiteit te verminder, word komponente soos lemsteekbeheerders en frekwensie-omsetters vermy. In plaas daarvan word elektromagnetiese remwerking gebruik om die turbine spoed, voorgaande net-werksinchronisasie, te beheer, en word kompensasieweerstande gebruik om netwerkfoutdeurry te handhaaf. Die omstandighede waaronder die GS-PMG suksesvol met die netwerk gesinchroniseer kan word, is vasgestel en dit het die behoefte aan spoedbeheer uitgewys. ‘n Evaluering van elektromagnetiese remstrategië wys uit dat ’n bevredigende spoedbeheervermoë verkry kan word as anti-parallelle tiristors gebruik word om die remlas te skakel. Simulasies wys dat beheerde netwerksinchronisasie suksesvol uitgevoer kan word, selfs onder turbulente windtoestande. Alle beheerbare parameters is binne veilige perke gehou, maar die GS-PMG se klemspanningsval is gevind as hoë as verwag. Kompensasie is ontwikkel om die GS-PMG toe te laat om deur die spanningsvalprofiel, soos gespesifieer deur die Ierse distribusiekode, te ry. Dit is gevind dat ‘n kombinasie van serie- en parallelle weerstande nodig is om die GS-PMG teen die spanningsval te beskerm, terwyl aktiewe drywingsoordrag gebalanseer word. Die buigbaarheid wat verkry word met die tiristorskakeling van die parallele weerstand is noodsaaklik in die hanteering van turbulente windtoestande en ongebalanseerde spanningsvalle. Die Suid-Afrikaanse spanningsvalprofiel is ook met voorwaardelike sukses hanteer. In opvolg van die teoretiese ontwerp is die netwerkkoppelingsbeheerder vir praktiese toetsdoeleindes in werking gestel. Beskermingsfunksies is ontwikkel om veilige werking onder verskeie gebeurlikhede te verseker. Die probleme met die werking van die tiristors is oorkom voor die aanvang van die toetse. Die praktiese toetse bewys dat netwerksinchronisasie veilig gedoen kan word deur die teoretiese bepaalde voorwaardes te volg. Dit is ook getoon dat met die spoedbeheermeganisme aanvaarbare dinamiese gedrag verkry kan word. Ten laaste is die GS-PMG in ‘n werkende windturbinestelsel geïnkorporeer en outomatiese netwerkkoppeling is onder turbulente windtoestande gedemonstreer. Toekomstige ondersoeke kan toegespits word op optimale beheerstrategië, alternatiewe vaste toestand skakelingskemas en reaktiewe drywingsbeheer. Lae spanning deurry moet nog vir die Suid- Afrikaanse spanningsprofiel ge-optimeer en eksperimenteel bevestig word.
305

Mehrkriterielle Parameteroptimierung eines Thermoelektrischen Generators / Multi-Objective Parameter Optimization of a Thermoelectric Generator

Heghmanns, Alexander, Beitelschmidt, Michael 08 May 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Aufgrund von steigenden Energiekosten und einer sukzessive steigenden öffentlichen sowie politischen Forderung nach Umweltbewusstsein und Nachhaltigkeit, ist die Effizienzsteigerung von Gesamtsystemen einer der treibenden Kräfte für innovative, technologische Neuheiten geworden. Besonders bei der Entwicklung von verbrennungsmotorisch angetriebenen Fahrzeugen wurden z.B. durch die Hybridisierung von Antriebssträngen, die die Rekuperation von kinetischer Energie ermöglichen, Technologien zur Energieeinsparung etabliert. Da bei Verbrennungsmotoren ein hoher Anteil der im Kraftstoff gespeicherten Energie technologiebedingt als Abwärme im Abgas verloren geht, bietet die Wärmerekuperation ein weiteres hohes Potential für weitere Einsparungen. Diese ist z.B. mit Hilfe von thermoelektrischen Generatoren (TEG) möglich, die einen Wärmestrom direkt in elektrische Energie umwandeln. Zur effizienten TEG-Systemgestaltung ist ein hoher Temperaturgradient über dem thermoelektrisch aktivem Material notwendig, der wiederum zu kritischen thermomechanischen Spannungen im Bauteil führen kann. Diese werden zum einen durch die unterschiedlichen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten der verschiedenen Materialien und zum anderen durch die mechanische Anbindung auf der heißen und kalten Seite des TEG verursacht. Somit liegt ein Zielkonflikt zwischen dem thermoelektrischen Systemwirkungsgrad und der mechanischen Festigkeit des Bauteils vor. In dieser Arbeit wird mit Hilfe einer mehrkriteriellen Parameteroptimierung eines vollparametrisierten FE-Modells des TEG in ANSYS WORKBENCH eine Methode vorgestellt, den thermoelektrischen Wirkungsgrad bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion der thermomechanischen Spannungen zu optimieren. Zur Optimierung kommt dabei ein genetischer Algorithmus der MATLAB GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION TOOLBOX zum Einsatz. Der Modellaufbau wird in ANSYS WORKBENCH mit der Makro-Programmiersprache JSCRIPT realisiert. Als Ziel- und Bewertungsfunktionen wird die mechanische Belastung jedes Bauteils im TEG ausgewertet und dessen elektrische Leistungsdichte berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit Hilfe der vorgestellten Methodik eine paretooptimale Lösung gefunden werden kann, die den gestellten Anforderungen entspricht.
306

Contribution à la modélisation électromagnétique d’un générateur linéaire à induction appliquée à un micro-cogénérateur Stirling à piston libre / Contribution to the electromagnetic modeling of a linear induction generator applied to a micro-cogeneration Stirling free-piston

François, Pierre 14 January 2011 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur le développement d’un cogénérateur résidentiel constitué d’un générateur linéaire asynchrone entraîné par deux moteurs Stirling fonctionnant en mode ‘piston libre double effet’. Les critères caractérisant un tel cogénérateur sont décrits ainsi que ses différents modes d’utilisation dans le domaine résidentiel. Les différentes technologies sont passées en revue.Les équations de la mécanique sur lesquelles se fondent le contrôle du couplage thermoélectrique du cogénérateur et sa stabilité y sont définies. Le générateur électrique est modélisé en vue de calculer les grandeurs électriques des équations à bobines couplées et les grandeurs du schéma électrique équivalent, ce schéma permet d’inverser le modèle.Les résultats des modèles analytiques sont validés par des mesures faites sur des maquettes spécialement conçues. Une étude paramétrique de la structure du générateur a permis d’optimiser ses performances. Les équations de la mécanique et le modèle électrique sont utilisés pour poser les bases d’une optimisation ‘système’ du cogénérateur. / This thesis focuses on the development of a residential cogenerator which consists of a linear induction generator driven by two Stirling engines, free-piston double-acting operating mode. The criteria characterizing such cogenerator are described and its various modes of use in the residential sector. The various technologies are reviewed.The equations of mechanics that underlie the control of the coupling of thermoelectric cogeneration and stability are defined.The electric generator is modeled to calculate the electrical coil coupled equations and the magnitudes of the equivalent circuit, this scheme allows us to reverse the pattern. The results of analytical models are validated by measurements on specially designed models. A parametric study of the structure of the generator has optimized its performances. The equations of mechanical and electrical model are used to lay the groundwork for optimization of all the cogenerator, considered as a system.
307

Quantile Function-based Models for Resource Utilization and Power Consumption of Applications

Möbius, Christoph 02 September 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Server consolidation is currently widely employed in order to improve the energy efficiency of data centers. While being a promising technique, server consolidation may lead to resource interference between applications and thus, reduced performance of applications. Current approaches to account for possible resource interference are not well suited to respect the variation in the workloads for the applications. As a consequence, these approaches cannot prevent resource interference if workload for applications vary. It is assumed that having models for the resource utilization and power consumption of applications as functions of the workload to the applications can improve decision making and help to prevent resource interference in scenarios with varying workload. This thesis aims to develop such models for selected applications. To produce varying workload that resembles statistical properties of real-world workload a workload generator is developed in a first step. Usually, the measurement data for such models origins from different sensors and equipment, all producing data at different frequencies. In order to account for these different frequencies, in a second step this thesis particularly investigates the feasibility to employ quantile functions as model inputs. Complementary, since conventional goodness-of-fit tests are not appropriate for this approach, an alternative to assess the estimation error is presented. / Serverkonsolidierung wird derzeit weithin zur Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz von Rechenzentren eingesetzt. Während diese Technik vielversprechende Ergebnisse zeitigt, kann sie zu Ressourceninterferenz und somit zu verringerter Performanz von Anwendungen führen. Derzeitige Ansätze, um dieses Problem zu adressieren, sind nicht gut für Szenarien geeignet, in denen die Workload für die Anwendungen variiert. Als Konsequenz daraus folgt, dass diese Ansätze Ressourceninterferenz in solchen Szenarien nicht verhindern können. Es wird angenommen, dass Modelle für Anwendungen, die deren Ressourenauslastung und die Leistungsaufnahme als Funktion der Workload beschreiben, die Entscheidungsfindung bei der Konsolidierung verbessern und Ressourceninterferenz verhindern können. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, solche Modelle für ausgewählte Anwendungen zu entwickeln. Um variierende Workload zu erzeugen, welche den statistischen Eigenschaften realer Workload folgt, wird zunächst ein Workload-Generator entwickelt. Gewöhnlicherweise stammen Messdaten für die Modelle aus verschienenen Sensoren und Messgeräten, welche jeweils mit unterschiedlichen Frequenzen Daten erzeugen. Um diesen verschiedenen Frequenzen Rechnung zu tragen, untersucht diese Arbeit insbesondere die Möglichkeit, Quantilfunktionen als Eingabeparameter für die Modelle zu verwenden. Da konventionelle Anpassungsgütetests bei diesem Ansatz ungeeignet sind, wird ergänzend eine Alternative vorgestellt, um den durch die Modellierung entstehenden Schätzfehler zu bemessen.
308

Modélisation et réalisation de la couche physique du système de communication numérique sans fil, WiMax, sur du matériel reconfigurable

Ezzeddine, Mazen January 2009 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
309

Estudo de controle e proteção de geradores duplamente alimentados em sistemas eólicos. / Study of control and protection of doubly fed induction generator in wind systems.

Franco, Flávio Alves de Lima 11 August 2017 (has links)
O aumento da demanda energética mundial e a necessidade de obtenção de energia por fontes renováveis abriram espaço para discussão sobre vantagens e desvantagens relacionadas às diversas tecnologias de geração existentes. Dados mostram um crescimento significativo do percentual da geração eólica no sistema energético mundial tornando factível o investimento em tecnologias que possam atender às diferenças de aplicação para cada região. Este trabalho apresenta inicialmente as principais características das arquiteturas construtivas dos geradores eólicos listando e apresentando seus principais equipamentos e funções, em seguida são apresentados métodos de controle e proteção aerodinâmica e as principais topologias aplicadas na geração eólica de energia. A discussão das vantagens e desvantagens de cada topologia apontou o gerador Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) aplicado em sistemas de velocidade variável como uma tecnologia que se destaca pelo seu alto nível de controle e pelo ganho relacionado ao conversor back-to-back de apenas 30% da capacidade de geração da máquina. No trabalho o controle do conversor back-to-back foi testado e validado por simulações e os ajustes dos controladores obtidos pelo método do modelo simétrico ótimo. Em seguida, são apresentados os dispositivos básicos de proteção correlacionados ao monitoramento de corrente, tensão e fluxo de potência e discutidas suas limitações na topologia com o gerador DFIG. No final do trabalho a proteção diferencial é apresentada e aplicada sobre o gerador DFIG e simulações de falta são realizadas em diferentes condições de funcionamento da máquina de modo a obter dados que possam apontar a melhor parametrização deste dispositivo de proteção. / The world energetic demand increase and the generation renewable necessity allowed the dialogue about the advantages and disadvantages of generations technologies existing. Many data shows an significant increase of wind generation inside the world energetic system allowing the investment in technologies to work at the characteristics existing in each place. This study shows the main constructive characteristics in the wind generation showing their main equipments and functions. After, the control and protection aerodynamic methods are shown together with the main topologies in the wind generation. The discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of this topologies showed the DFIG generator working in variable speeds systems like an efficient technology because your accurate control and the low cost of back-to-back frequency inverter. In this study the control of back-to-back converter was tested end validated and the drivers parameters was calculated with the method of the optimal symmetric model. then, are showed some basic protections devices linked with current, voltage and power flow monitoring and yours limitations are discussed in the DFIG topology. In the end the differential protection is showed and applied in the DFIG machine then fault simulations are make to obtain data to produce the best configuration parameters of differential protection.
310

Detecção de ilhamento em sistemas de distribuição com múltiplos geradores distribuídos utilizando redes neurais artificiais / Islanding detection in distribution systems with multiple distributed generators using artificial neural networks

Lunardi, Thiago Reginato 24 August 2016 (has links)
A inserção de geradores distribuídos nas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica está aumentando consideravelmente devido à possibilidade de maior proximidade destes geradores com os mercados consumidores, fatores ambientais, aprimoramentos das tecnologias atuais de geração de energia elétrica e desenvolvimentos de outras novas, alterações de legislações e incentivos governamentais. Este novo cenário traz também a necessidade de maior atenção devido à possibilidade de ocorrência de ilhamentos não intencionais. Nestas situações, o gerador distribuído deve ser desconectado imediatamente após a detecção do evento. Métodos tradicionais, como relés de tensão e de frequência, mostram bom desempenho quando há um elevado desbalanço entre as potências geradas e as potências das cargas ilhadas. Nos casos de pequenos desbalanços de potência, o ilhamento pode não ser detectado por esses métodos. Neste contexto, este trabalho visa desenvolver um sistema de detecção de ilhamentos em sistemas de distribuição por meio da utilização de uma rede neural artificial do tipo Perceptron multicamadas. Utilizando-se uma rede neural devidamente treinada para o sistema elétrico estudado, obteve-se um bom desempenho na detecção de ilhamento, obtendo-se elevadas taxas de acerto. Além disso, o método proposto foi capaz de diferenciar corretamente situações normais de operação do sistema, tais como chaveamento de blocos de cargas, das situações de ilhamento. Os mesmos cenários foram testados utilizando as proteções convencionais de tensão, frequência e de taxa de variação de frequência, a fim de obter a comparação com o método proposto. Como resultado, o método baseado na rede neural apresentou desempenho superior aos demais sistemas de proteção, detectando o ilhamento dentro da faixa de 2 segundos em todos os casos simulados neste trabalho. / The penetration of distributed generators into the power distribution systems has been increasing significantly due to the possibility of generating power next to the consumers, environmental issues, improvement and development of the generation technologies, regulatory changes and governmental incentives. This new scenario requires special attention to the possibility of unintentional islanding. In this situation, the distributed generator must be disconnected immediately after an islanding occurrence. Traditional anti-islanding protection schemes, such as voltage and frequency-based relays, are effective to detect islanding if there is a big power imbalance between generation and load inside the island. On the other hand, they may fail if the power imbalance is small. In this context, this work presents a new islanding detection method based on a Perceptron Multi-layer neural network. By using a neural network properly trained for the distribution system under study, the method has presented good performance with high islanding detection successful rates. Moreover, the proposed method was capable of distinguish the islanding occurrence from normal transient operating conditions, such as load switching. The same operating scenarios were used to test voltage, frequency and rate of change of frequency protection in order to perform a comparison with the proposed method. As result, the method presented superior performance detecting the islanding faster than 2 seconds in all the cases simulated in this work.

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