Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silverio_j_me_botib.pdf: 1061094 bytes, checksum: 47640e09042bdc58ca79d674c35af4db (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Dados estatísticos do IBAMA/MMA (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) sobre a exploração pesqueira de elasmobrânquios no Brasil registraram no ano de 2007 a captura de 17.900 toneladas, sendo 12.578 toneladas somente de tubarões, um aumento de 11,35% em relação a 2006. Contudo, as dificuldades na identificação morfológica de muitas espécies de tubarões exploradas pela pesca, associada à prática bastante usual de remoção da cabeça e das nadadeiras dos animais, na maioria das vezes antes mesmo do desembarque, tem resultado em uma escassez global de informações sobre captura e comercialização, tornando quase impossível a avaliação de seus efeitos. De acordo com os relatórios a respeito da produção pesqueira apresentados pelo IBAMA nos últimos anos, apenas 22% de todos os tubarões capturados no Brasil recebem algum tipo de classificação, ainda assim, relacionando apenas um nome popular que em muitos casos refere-se a mais de uma espécie. Por outro lado, dados referente a identificação molecular do tipo PCR-multiplex, que identificam características genéticas particulares de cada táxon estão atualmente sendo desenvolvidos e utilizados no reconhecimento espécie-específico possibilitando, a identificação simultânea de diversas amostras. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a captura e comercialização de tubarões na região Norte do Litoral Paulista. Os resultados apresentados a partir da utilização da técnica da PCR-multiplex a partir do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I em 1000 amostras coletadas em desembarques do litoral do estado de São Paulo, possibilitou, a identificação de 837 amostras. A partir desses dados foram observadas as freqüências relativas por espécie para avaliação de captura e comercialização de tubarões nos municípios de Cananéia, Santos e Ubatuba... / Statistics IBAMA/MMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) on fisheries exploitation of elasmobranchs in Brazil report in 2007 catching 17 900 tonnes, with only 12 578 tonnes of sharks, an increase of 11.35 % compared to 2006. However, difficulties in morphological identification of many shark species exploited by fisheries, coupled with the rather usual practice of removing the head and fins of the animals, most often even before the landing, has resulted in an overall shortage of information on catch and marketing, making it nearly impossible to evaluate their effects. According to the reports about the fish production presented by IBAMA in recent years, only 22% of all sharks caught in Brazil receive some type of classification, yet only linking a popular name in many cases refers to more of a species. Considering the increasing fisheries exploitation technique was used in multiplex PCR-based gene miticindrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I in 1000 samples collected from landings of the coastal state of Sao Paulo, which enabled the identification of 837 samples were observed by the relative frequencies species for evaluation of capture and trade of sharks in the municipalities of Cananéia, Santos and Ubatuba. For the city of Santos was possible to identify five different species: P. glauca, A. vulpinus, S. Lewin, R. Lalandii and R. porosus, in Ubatuba was recorded the occurrence of four different species in the landings: P. glauca, I. oxyrinchus, R. lalandii and S. lewini and the municipality of Cananea were found three different species: R. lalandii, R. porosus and S. Lewin, product demand elasmobranch was larger in the city of Santos, which shows that this town deserves greater attention in relation to conservation and management of the most exploited species, and Multiplex-PCR technique proved feasible for identification of samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Fábio Porto Foresti / Banca: Cláudio de Oliveira / Banca: Daniela Ferreira / Resumo: Dados estatísticos do IBAMA/MMA (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) sobre a exploração pesqueira de elasmobrânquios no Brasil registraram no ano de 2007 a captura de 17.900 toneladas, sendo 12.578 toneladas somente de tubarões, um aumento de 11,35% em relação a 2006. Contudo, as dificuldades na identificação morfológica de muitas espécies de tubarões exploradas pela pesca, associada à prática bastante usual de remoção da cabeça e das nadadeiras dos animais, na maioria das vezes antes mesmo do desembarque, tem resultado em uma escassez global de informações sobre captura e comercialização, tornando quase impossível a avaliação de seus efeitos. De acordo com os relatórios a respeito da produção pesqueira apresentados pelo IBAMA nos últimos anos, apenas 22% de todos os tubarões capturados no Brasil recebem algum tipo de classificação, ainda assim, relacionando apenas um nome popular que em muitos casos refere-se a mais de uma espécie. Por outro lado, dados referente a identificação molecular do tipo PCR-multiplex, que identificam características genéticas particulares de cada táxon estão atualmente sendo desenvolvidos e utilizados no reconhecimento espécie-específico possibilitando, a identificação simultânea de diversas amostras. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a captura e comercialização de tubarões na região Norte do Litoral Paulista. Os resultados apresentados a partir da utilização da técnica da PCR-multiplex a partir do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I em 1000 amostras coletadas em desembarques do litoral do estado de São Paulo, possibilitou, a identificação de 837 amostras. A partir desses dados foram observadas as freqüências relativas por espécie para avaliação de captura e comercialização de tubarões nos municípios de Cananéia, Santos e Ubatuba... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Statistics IBAMA/MMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) on fisheries exploitation of elasmobranchs in Brazil report in 2007 catching 17 900 tonnes, with only 12 578 tonnes of sharks, an increase of 11.35 % compared to 2006. However, difficulties in morphological identification of many shark species exploited by fisheries, coupled with the rather usual practice of removing the head and fins of the animals, most often even before the landing, has resulted in an overall shortage of information on catch and marketing, making it nearly impossible to evaluate their effects. According to the reports about the fish production presented by IBAMA in recent years, only 22% of all sharks caught in Brazil receive some type of classification, yet only linking a popular name in many cases refers to more of a species. Considering the increasing fisheries exploitation technique was used in multiplex PCR-based gene miticindrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I in 1000 samples collected from landings of the coastal state of Sao Paulo, which enabled the identification of 837 samples were observed by the relative frequencies species for evaluation of capture and trade of sharks in the municipalities of Cananéia, Santos and Ubatuba. For the city of Santos was possible to identify five different species: P. glauca, A. vulpinus, S. Lewin, R. Lalandii and R. porosus, in Ubatuba was recorded the occurrence of four different species in the landings: P. glauca, I. oxyrinchus, R. lalandii and S. lewini and the municipality of Cananea were found three different species: R. lalandii, R. porosus and S. Lewin, product demand elasmobranch was larger in the city of Santos, which shows that this town deserves greater attention in relation to conservation and management of the most exploited species, and Multiplex-PCR technique proved feasible for identification of samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21298号 / 医博第4387号 / 新制||医||1030(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中川 一路, 教授 木原 正博, 教授 小池 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p> The type 1 transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Neu/ErbB2 is a member of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) family that functions as a potent mediator of normal cell-growth and development. However, the aberrant expression of RTKs has also been implicated in many human cancers. For example, Neu over-expression has been implicated in human breast and ovarian cancers, and is correlated with poor clinical prognosis. At least one pTyr residue in Neu, Let-23, and PDGFR-B receptor tyrosine kinase is reported to have negative signaling capability. The intrinsic negative signaling behaviour of any of these pTyr residues, such as pTyr at 1028 of Neu (NeuYA) has yet to be fully exploited with a view to better understanding of RTK signaling, leading to more precise knowledge in human cancer development and disease treatment. </p> <p> Here we aimed to determine the role, specificity and the signaling pathway components of rat-NeuYA in Drosophila melanogaster. Specifically, we asked whether pTyr 1028 of Neu could affect signaling from heterologous RTKs. If so, what would be the pathway components? Are they already known or novel? Using a targeted misexpression system, such as the GAL4-Upstream Activating Sequence (GAL4-UAS) system, we generated graded phenotypes of various Neu alleles in adult Drosophila eye and wing tissues, suitable for dosage sensitive modifier screening. Taking the advantage of these graded phenotypes, we sought to identify and evaluate the signaling characteristics of Neu/ErbB2. NeuYA, in particular, suppressed the rough-eye phenotype of other 'add-back' Neu alleles, suggesting an inhibitory role in RTK signaling. The dosage sensitive modifier screen has also shown that the signal attenuating steps, such as receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor recycling, and lysosomal degradation work in a YA-independent manner. To identify the components of the NeuYA signaling pathway in RTK signal attenuation, a genome-wide dominant modifier screen was undertaken to screen over 60,000 F1 progeny either for suppression or enhancement of the rough-eye phenotype of GMR-NeuYAE adults. Using deficiency mapping, we isolated and identified that one complementation group of suppressors to be alleles of lilliputian. Additionally, we narrowed down several groups of enhancers to certain deficiency regions, uncovering 10-30 genes- previously not known to the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Collectively, here we report several novel NeuYA-interactors in RTK signal attenuation in Drosophila. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Le groupe ‘M. mycoides’ constitue une branche phylogénétique homogène des mycoplasmes regroupant 6 taxons pathogènes des ruminants, responsables pour la plupart de maladies inscrites sur la liste de l’OIE. L’identification taxinomique sur laquelle repose le diagnostic reste délicate à cause de réactions antigéniques et génétiques croisées et d’un manque d’universalité intra-taxon des PCR, notamment pour les taxons Mcc, MmmLC et Mbg7. Une approche par hybridation soustractive sélective a été développée pour 1) appréhender les différences moléculaires entre ces 3 taxons ; 2) analyser globalement la diversité au sein du groupe ‘M. mycoides’ et 3) rechercher de nouveaux marqueurs d’intérêt diagnostique. Nos résultats montrent un important partage de séquences entre ces taxons, MmmLC et Mcc étant très polymorphes par rapport à Mbg7, plus homogène et qui représente une sorte de chimère entre les taxons Mcc et MmmSC. Nos données nous ont permis de développer un test PCR spécifique pour Mcc mais la diversité génétique du groupe ‘M. mycoides’ dépasse les frontières entre taxons rendant difficile et peu pertinente l’identification taxinomique. Un typage des souches en fonction de la virulence indépendamment de l’espèce serait l’approche diagnostique alternative. La faisabilité d’une telle approche a été explorée dans le cas du taxon MmmLC mais aucun critère susceptible de différencier les souches issues de foyers de celles issues de portage dans des troupeaux sans antécédent clinique n’a pu être mis en évidence. Ce continuum génétique entre souches, probablement lié à des transferts génétiques horizontaux, imposera à l’avenir une surveillance globalisée des mycoplasmoses / The ‘M. mycoides’ cluster, a homogenous phylogenetic branch of the Mollicutes, includes 6 taxa which are responsible for diseases in ruminants, most of which are listed by the OIE. Their taxonomic identification, on which current diagnosis is based, is impaired by antigenic and genetic cross-reactivity and by the lack of a universal, intra-taxon PCR assay, especially for the Mcc, MmmLC and Mbg7 taxa. A suppression subtractive hybridization approach was developed to: 1) define molecular differences between these 3 taxa; 2) analyze the overall genetic diversity within the ‘M. mycoides’ cluster and 3) search for new markers useful for diagnosis. Results obtained here showed that several sequences are shared across taxa, with Mcc and MmmLC being very polymorphic compared to Mbg7 which is more homogeneous, representing a sort of chimera between Mcc and MmmLC. From these analyses, a specific PCR assay was designed for Mcc identification but, because of the genetic diversity existing within the ‘M. mycoides’, the taxonomic identification of new strain appears less and less relevant. Instead, regardless of their species, strain typing on the basis of their virulence would offer an alternative approach for diagnosis. We assessed this type of approach for the MmmLC taxon but so far, our attempts to uncover markers that would distinguish pathogenic strains from carrier strains, isolated from herds with no clinical history, have failed. The genetic continuum observed between strains is remnant of horizontal gene transfers and imposes the development of a more global approach for mycoplasmosis surveillance