Urinary bladder marsupialization has been successful in producing acceptable long-term resolution of clinical cases of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the six-month outcome of urinary bladder marsupialization in male goats. The urinary bladders of six male goats free from systemic disease were marsupialized following induced urethral obstruction. Renal ultrasonography, complete blood count, and blood chemistry analysis were evaluated preoperatively (day 0), at 7 postoperative days, and at 30-day intervals until 180 postoperative days. Stomal diameter was recorded at each interval. Necropsy examination was performed on day 180 or when stomal stricture or death occurred. Stomal stricture occurred in one goat at 120 days, and another goat was found dead at 150 days. Necropsy of this goat revealed severe, suppurative cystitis. All goats developed mild urine scald dermatitis. All blood chemistry values remained within normal limits. Significant decreases in white blood cell count, serum creatinine, and stomal diameter were observed from day 0 to day 180. Except for the goat that died at 150 days, all urinary bladders were tubular in shape and the mucosa and serosa of all urinary tract organs appeared grossly normal at necropsy examination. Histologic evidence of chronic suppurative cystitis and chronic, mild, lymphoplasmacytic pyelitis was present in all goats. Culture of renal tissue yielded bacterial growth in three of six goats, and culture of a swab of the urinary bladder mucosa yielded bacterial growth in all animals. Although clinical signs of ascending urinary tract infection were not observed in goats with patent stomata, urinary bladder marsupialization may result in ascending inflammation or infection. Based upon the results of this study, urinary bladder marsupialization should be recommended with caution as the primary procedure in clinical cases. / Master of Science

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a highly contagious disease that affects goats in Africa and Asia resulting in great economic losses. The aetiological agent is Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). It belongs to a group of organisms that are all associated with economically important diseases of ruminants and all exhibit similar genetic and antigenic characteristics. The diagnosis of CCPP has often been considered difficult due to confusion with other mycoplasmas of ruminants and the limited specificity of most diagnostic assays. It is therefore important to improve diagnosis and thereby the control of CCPP. Two approaches, namely phage display and anti-idiotype antibodies can be used to identify antigenic mimics with the potential to be used in developing new vaccines, diagnostic methods or therapeutics. Both were used in an attempt to generate surrogate antigens for Mccp. A monoclonal antibody (Mab) or its F( ab ')2 fragments directed against Mccp membrane protein epitopes was injected into hens to induce the production of anti-idiotype antibodies. The antibodies produced were functionally able to mimic the epitope recognised by the Mab since they inhibited binding of the Mab to mycoplasmal lysate. Mice were also immunised with the Mab and or F(ab') 2 fragments of the antibody. The resulting antisera were tested in ELISA, but no significant response was detected. The selection of peptides from a random epitope library displayed on the surface of filamentous phages was used to characterise the epitope recognised by the Mab. Two different, but related peptides were identified that reacted with the antibody in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Binding to the Mab was further characterised by surface plasmon resonance. Sequence analysis revealed that the two peptides each had a cysteine residue in addition to the one fixed in amino acid position 2 as well as identical or similar amino acid residues in positions 5 (P), 8 (I/L) and 13 (L). One of the peptides had 74% similarity with an amino acid sequence of the PG 1 strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC. The peptides as well as the anti-idiotype antibodies were not detectable using Mccp-specific goat antiserum suggesting that the serum did not contain paratopes that could accommodate the surrogate epitopes. In spite of this, the antiserum efficiently inhibited the binding of the Mab to immobilised mycoplasmal lysate in a standardised test for Mccp antibodies. This assay therefore appears to depend on a structural, rather than a functional blocking of the epitope which the Mab recognises. The findings in this study have elucidated some of the characteristics of the Mab and raised the possibility that the epitope recognised by the Mab is not immunodominant. Peptides identified by phage display and chicken/murine anti-idiotype antibodies, nevertheless, have the potential of being used as antigens in immunoassays aimed at CCPP diagnosis. In light of the results generated it would therefore be necessary to investigate other Mabs or polyclonal antiserum in order to yield antibodies or peptides of the desired specificity. / Dissertation (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

No description available.

Artrite-encefalite dos Caprinos (CAE) é uma enfermidade infecciosa, multissistêmica, causada por um lentivírus, e infecta caprinos de todas as idades, independente do sexo, raça e tipos de produção econômica. Os principais sintomas descritos são leucoencefalomielite, artrite, pneumonia crônica intersticial e mamite intersticial endurativa. A CAE possui distribuição mundial, no Estado de São Paulo encontra-se amplamente disseminada no rebanho caprino. Com o intuito de aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre o vírus da Artrite-encefalite dos caprinos (CAEV) serão realizados estudos de sequenciamento de parte do cDNA e análise filogenética de amostras detectadas de órgãos, líquido sinovial, sêmen e leite de caprinos naturalmente infectados e soropositivos ao IDGA para o vírus da CAE e correlacionar as variantes genéticas com a sintomatologia, a forma clinica preferencial e a patogenicidade. Para o estudo filogenético serão amplificados, por RT-PCR, e sequenciados, parte do gene pol e o gene tat das amostras. Este estudo possibilitará o conhecimento das estirpes virais existentes no rebanho caprino do estado de São Paulo e a sua patogenicidade. A pesquisa de mutações encontradas por meio da análise do estudo filogenético do vírus poderá mostrar se a variante encontrada apresenta predileção por uma determinada expressão clínica. O seqüenciamento genético poderá permitir, também no futuro, uma maior eficiência na produção de antígenos virais para sorodiagnóstico e vacinas a partir das cepas circulantes encontradas. / Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an infectious disease, multisystem caused by a lentivirus, and infects goats of all ages, regardless of sex, race and types of economic production. The main symptoms are leukoencephalomyelitis, arthritis, chronic interstitial pneumonia and interstitial mastitis induration. CAE has a worldwide distribution in the State of São Paulo is widely disseminated in the goat herd. Aiming to deepen knowledge about the virus caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAEV) studies will be performed sequencing of part of the cDNA and phylogenetic analysis of samples detected in organs, synovial fluid, semen and milk of goats naturally infected and seropositive AGID test for CAE virus and to correlate genetic variants with the symptoms, the clinical form of preferential and pathogenicity. For the phylogenetic study will be amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced, part of the pol gene and the gene tat of the samples. This study will allow the knowledge of existing viral strains in goat herd in the state of Sao Paulo and its pathogenicity. The analysis of mutations found by analyzing the phylogenetic analysis of the virus may show if the variant has found a predilection for a particular clinical expression. The gene sequencing will allow, in future, greater efficiency in the production of viral antigens for serodiagnosis and vaccines from the circulating strains found.

Submitted by ISABELLA BARBOSA DOS SANTOS null (isabellabs853@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-04T23:51:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_Isabella_Barbosa_dos_Santos.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 01a14a6ac4969df8c86c454e56e542c4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-05T13:49:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ib_me_jabo.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 01a14a6ac4969df8c86c454e56e542c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T13:49:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ib_me_jabo.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 01a14a6ac4969df8c86c454e56e542c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A caprinocultura é considerada um segmento de grande importância em agronegócios no país, gerando importante fonte de carne e leite, principalmente na região Nordeste. Entretanto, este criatório sofre grandes perdas econômicas devido às parasitoses que acometem o trato digestório. Dentre estas, destaca-se, o gênero Haemonchus, cujas espécies H. contortus e H. placei parasitam abomaso de caprinos e bovinos, respectivamente, havendo possibilidade de infecção cruzada dessas duas espécies helmínticas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do parasitismo por H. placei em caprinos e compará-la à patogenicidade por H. contortus. Foram utilizados 14 caprinos, recém-nascidos, mantidos em gaiolas metálicas de piso suspenso, assim distribuídos: GI - quatro cabritos inoculados com 5000 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. placei, GII – quatro infectados com 5000 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. contortus, GIII – quatro animais inoculados com 2500 larvas L3 de H. contortus + 2500 H. placei e GIV – dois cabritos que receberam apenas água (controle). Exames de contagem de ovos de estrongilídeos por grama de fezes (OPG) foram realizados diariamente, após o 7º dia da inoculação. Os períodos pré-patentes foram de 24 dias para H contortus e de 31 dias para H. placei. O grupo inoculado apenas com H. placei apresentou médias de OPG inferiores quando comparado aos demais grupos. Decorridos 42 dias pós-infecção, os 14 caprinos foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, sendo coletados “in totum” os exemplares de Haemonchus. O grupo I apresentou média de 25,5 espécimes H. placei, o grupo II média de 619,5 de exemplares de H. contortus, o grupo III média de 120 exemplares de H. placei e 604,75 de H. contortus e no grupo IV nenhum helminto foi diagnosticado. Não foram constatadas quaisquer outras espécies e nem formas imaturas de Haemonchus no trato gastrintestinais dos caprinos. Fragmentos do abomaso foram coletados e armazenados em formol tamponado para análise histopatológica. Foram observados no grupo I lesões microscópicas leves apenas com poucos focos inflamatórios. Nos grupos II e III foram diagnosticadas lesões extensas, como edemas, focos inflamatórios difusos, infiltrado de eosinófilos, diminuição das células parietais. No grupo IV nenhuma alteração histopatológica foi diagnosticada. Nas condições desse estudo, a espécie caprina foi razoavelmente susceptível ao parasitismo por Haemonchus placei, sendo esse parasitismo mais proeminente nos animais que receberam infecção mista (H. placei + H. contortus). / Goat breeding is considered a very important segment in Brazilian agribusiness, generating a significant source of meat and milk. However, this industry suffers great economic losses due to parasitic diseases that affect the digestive tract, compromising their development. Among these, the Haemonchus genus stands out, with H. contortus and H. placei parasitizing goats and cattle, respectively, with the possiblity of cross infection between these helminth species in abomasu of hosts. The objective of the present study was to estimate the viability of H. placei parasitism in goats, and compare it with H. contortus pathogenicity. Fourteen newborn goats were used, distributed in the following way: GI - four goats inoculated with infective larvae (L3) of H. placei; GII – four animals infected with infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus; GIII - four caprines inoculated with larvae L3 of H. contortus + H. placei; and GIV - two goats that received only water (control). Each animal received 5000 L3 of Haemonchus species, in a single dose, orally. Egg per Gram of Feces (EPG) exams were performed daily after the 7th day of inoculation, establishing that the pre-patent period of H. contortus was 24 days and H. placei was 31 days. The group inoculated only with H. placei presented lower EPG means when compared to the other groups. After 42 days post-infection, all 14 goats were euthanized and necropsied, and Haemonchus specimens were collected “in totum". Group I presented an average of 25.5 specimens, while the mean of group II was 619.5, group III obtained an average of 120 specimens of H. placei and 604.75 of H. contortus and group IV did not present any specimens. No other species and no immature forms of Haemonchus were found in gastrintestinal tracts of experimental animals. Fragments of abomasum were collected and stored in buffered formalin for histopathological analysis, in which GI group showed mild microscopic lesions with only a few inflammatory foci, while groups II and III had extensive lesions, such as edema, diffuse inflammatory foci, eosinophilic infiltrate and hyperplasia of parietal cells. Group IV showed no changes. Under conditions of this study, the caprine species did not present itself as susceptible to parasitism by Haemonchus placei, with such parasitism being more prominent when in consortium with Haemonchus contortus.

Artrite-encefalite dos Caprinos (CAE) é uma enfermidade infecciosa, multissistêmica, causada por um lentivírus, e infecta caprinos de todas as idades, independente do sexo, raça e tipos de produção econômica. Os principais sintomas descritos são leucoencefalomielite, artrite, pneumonia crônica intersticial e mamite intersticial endurativa. A CAE possui distribuição mundial, no Estado de São Paulo encontra-se amplamente disseminada no rebanho caprino. Com o intuito de aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre o vírus da Artrite-encefalite dos caprinos (CAEV) serão realizados estudos de sequenciamento de parte do cDNA e análise filogenética de amostras detectadas de órgãos, líquido sinovial, sêmen e leite de caprinos naturalmente infectados e soropositivos ao IDGA para o vírus da CAE e correlacionar as variantes genéticas com a sintomatologia, a forma clinica preferencial e a patogenicidade. Para o estudo filogenético serão amplificados, por RT-PCR, e sequenciados, parte do gene pol e o gene tat das amostras. Este estudo possibilitará o conhecimento das estirpes virais existentes no rebanho caprino do estado de São Paulo e a sua patogenicidade. A pesquisa de mutações encontradas por meio da análise do estudo filogenético do vírus poderá mostrar se a variante encontrada apresenta predileção por uma determinada expressão clínica. O seqüenciamento genético poderá permitir, também no futuro, uma maior eficiência na produção de antígenos virais para sorodiagnóstico e vacinas a partir das cepas circulantes encontradas. / Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an infectious disease, multisystem caused by a lentivirus, and infects goats of all ages, regardless of sex, race and types of economic production. The main symptoms are leukoencephalomyelitis, arthritis, chronic interstitial pneumonia and interstitial mastitis induration. CAE has a worldwide distribution in the State of São Paulo is widely disseminated in the goat herd. Aiming to deepen knowledge about the virus caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAEV) studies will be performed sequencing of part of the cDNA and phylogenetic analysis of samples detected in organs, synovial fluid, semen and milk of goats naturally infected and seropositive AGID test for CAE virus and to correlate genetic variants with the symptoms, the clinical form of preferential and pathogenicity. For the phylogenetic study will be amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced, part of the pol gene and the gene tat of the samples. This study will allow the knowledge of existing viral strains in goat herd in the state of Sao Paulo and its pathogenicity. The analysis of mutations found by analyzing the phylogenetic analysis of the virus may show if the variant has found a predilection for a particular clinical expression. The gene sequencing will allow, in future, greater efficiency in the production of viral antigens for serodiagnosis and vaccines from the circulating strains found.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-11T11:34:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariosto Afonso da Silva.pdf: 785369 bytes, checksum: 723b19c46da3ed93b086665406b15f7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T11:34:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariosto Afonso da Silva.pdf: 785369 bytes, checksum: 723b19c46da3ed93b086665406b15f7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-10 / In the Northeast of Brazil, in the semi-arid region,exists a breeding vocation area of cattle, especially exploring domestic ruminants including caprines. In the last decades the milk of goats has been indicated as a protein source to the diet of children with allergic reactions to the bovine milk. Among the proteins known casein, alpha-S1-casein was the first truly proved on basis of the genetic polymorphism. Aiming characterizes the herds of milk goats of the backcountry, rural and forest zone from Pernambuco State, the PCR-RFLP technique was used and it was studied the polymorphism of the gene of a-s1-casein. Using 60 goats of the breeds Moxotó, Alpine American and halfbreed, the DNA was extracted by chloroform and phenol protocol and the gene of the a-s1-casein was amplified by PCR's technique. Followed it the restriction enzyme Xmn I was used to obtain the frequency allelic of the studied breeds. It was verified the presence of the gene type D, for the American Alpine animals and the gene type B/D for the Moxotó and half-breed breeds. It was concluded that there are genetics variations for the a-s1-casein from the milk of the caprice breeds in the region. / O Nordeste brasileiro em especial o semi-árido tem sido uma área de vocação pecuária, especialmente, para a exploração dos ruminantes domésticos entre eles os caprinos. Há muitas décadas que o leite de cabra vem sendo indicado como fonte de proteína na dieta de crianças, quando estas apresentam reações alérgicas ao leite bovino. Dentre as proteínas chamadas de caseínas, a alfa-S1-caseína foi a primeira proteína comprovada com base no polimorfismo genético. Objetivando realizar a genotipagem do leite provenientes de criações de cabras do sertão, agreste e zona da mata pernambucana, através da técnica de PCR-RFLP, estudou-se o polimorfismo do gene da alfa-S1-caseína. Utilizando 60 caprinos das raças Moxotó, Alpina Americana e Mestiço. Fez–se a extração do DNA por meio do protocolo de clorofórmio e fenol e o gene da alfa-S1-caseína foi amplificado pela técnica da PCR. Em seguida foi utilizada a enzima de restrição Xmn I para obter a freqüência alelica das raças estudadas. Foi verificado a presença do gene tipo C/D, para os animais da raça Alpina Americana, o gene tipo B/D, para a raça Moxotó e Mestiço, concluindo-se que existem variações genéticas para a alfa- S1-caseína do leite das raças caprinas estudadas na região.

Immune Cell Potentiating Factor (ICPF) represents a class of biological response modifiers initially only found within active caprine serum fractions. Controlled studies have since demonstrated active ICPF derived from several non-caprine mammalian sources; including equine and human. ICPF is able to increase survivability in murine gram negative induced sepsis (60%) as well as secondary infection and subsequent sepsis in canines infected within canine parvo virus 2 (36%) despite showing no innate antiviral properties. ICPF is able to initiate systemic proteomic changes within several organ systems; including serum, liver, brain, lung, and spleen. ICPF initiated an early acute phase response, specifically through the increased expression of serum amyloid A, with systemic serum levels increasing from 1.5 μg/mL to 403.0 μg/mL within 24 hours and increased to 3,400 μg/mL within 48 hours following ICPF administration. Evaluation of cytokine expression following ICPF treatment revealed the up-regulation of IL-6, INF-γ, and the chemokine CXCL1\KC in vivo as well as the expression of IL-6 and IFN-γ in vitro within 3 hours of treatment. Development of an in vitro bioassay through the expression of IL-6 and IFN-γ within whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells will allow for further elucidation and testing of ICPF outside of an animal host. The early expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, an acute phase response including serum amyloid A, and ICPF’s inability to alleviate mortality in a lipopolysaccharide animal mortality model strongly indicates an active role for ICPF as an immune regulatory peptide capable of promoting an early inflammatory response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium thereby reducing the risk and mortality associated with sepsis.

No description available.

The purpose of these studies was to determine if an immunomodulator was present in caprine serum. Controlled studies demonstrated that CSF-I, material fractionated from caprine serum possessed an immunomodulatory compound. Caprine serum was further fractionated into it?s peptidic components and a small contaminant of immunoglobulin G and albumin (Caprine serum fraction - immunomodulator 2, or CSF-I2). This was refined to a three peptidic isolate collectively identified as tri-peptidic immunostimulant or TPI. CSF-I2 does not possess antibacterial capabilities (as typically characteristic of a cationic peptide or defensin), does not contain a level of endotoxin sufficient to promote a pyrogenic response, and its functional ability to improve animal survival after an infectious challenge does not reside with molecular weight components greater than 10 kilodaltons, effectively excluding the immunoglobins, albumin, cytokines, and collectins. CSF-I2 was able to significantly reduce the mortality observed in chickens (from 80% to 13%) infected with Pasteurella multocida (Willeford et al., 2000), in mice (from 83% to 13.3%) infected with Salmonella typhimurium, and in canines (from 50% to 9.8%) diagnosed with parvovirus. CSF-I2 may well prove to provide prophylactic and therapeutic health benefits to humans. CSF-I2 may effectively combat pathogenesis when used as either an adjunct with conventional therapy (e.g., antibiotics) or when provided as the primary medicant.