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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Etude des facteurs régulateurs de la traduction chez Escherichia coli. / Study of regulatory factors of translation in Escherichia coli

Nguyen, Huong LE 19 April 2019 (has links)
L’analyse des régulations de l’expression des gènes chez les bactéries permet de comprendre l’adaptation des bactéries à leur environnement et dans un contexte de biologie de synthèse d’optimiser la production microbienne de molécules d’intérêt. Notre objectif a été d’étudier la traduction au niveau du génome et ses relations avec les autres processus cellulaires par une approche de biologie des systèmes. Le traductome a été mesuré : pour chacun des ARN messagers, son pourcentage de copies en traduction et sa densité en ribosomes. Pour la première fois, une image complète de l’état traductionnel de E. coli en croissance rapide a été obtenue, caractérisée par une majorité de transcrits avec un très fort pourcentage de copies en traduction mais faiblement chargés en ribosomes. Notre modèle statistique a identifié des facteurs liés à la séquence comme déterminants de la traduction et le rôle important d’un paramètre physiologique : la concentration en ARNm. Pour la première fois, cet effet de la transcription sur la traduction a été validé à l’échelle moléculaire sur plusieurs gènes. Nous avons montré qu’une augmentation de la concentration d’un ARNm par induction transcriptionnelle entrainait une augmentation du pourcentage de copies en traduction et de la charge en ribosomes. / The analysis of gene expression regulation is necessary to better understand bacterial adaptation to environment and to be able in a context of synthetic biology to optimize the production of molecules of interest. The goal of this thesis was to study translation at the genome-wide level and its relationship to other cellular processes using a systems biology approach. First, translation activity at the -omic scale (called the traductome) was measured : for each messenger RNAs, its percentage of copies in translation and ribosome density. For the first time, a complete picture of the translational state in fast growing E. coli cells was obtained, characterized by a majority of transcripts with a very high percentage of copies in translation but a low ribosome density. Our model identified sequence-related factors as determinants of translation but, more surprisingly, the model predicted the important role of a physiological parameter: the mRNA concentration. Thus, more concentrated mRNA would have higher percentage of copies in translation and higher ribosome density. For the first time, this effect of transcription on translation has been validated at the molecular level on several genes. We showed that an increase in mRNA concentration by transcriptional induction results in increases in percentage of copies in translation and in ribosome load.
2

A GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF PERFECT INVERTED REPEATS IN <I>ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA</I>

Sutharzan, Sreeskandarajan 12 December 2013 (has links)
No description available.
3

Méthodes d'analyse génétique de traits quantitatifs corrélés : application à l'étude de la densité minérale osseuse / Statistical methods for genetic analysis of correlated quantitative traits : application to the study of bone mineral density

Saint Pierre, Aude 03 January 2011 (has links)
La plupart des maladies humaines ont une étiologie complexe avec des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux qui interagissent. Utiliser des phénotypes corrélés peut augmenter la puissance de détection de locus de trait quantitatif. Ce travail propose d’évaluer différentes approches d’analyse bivariée pour des traits corrélés en utilisantl’information apportée par les marqueurs au niveau de la liaison et de l’association. Legain relatif de ces approches est comparé aux analyses univariées. Ce travail a étéappliqué à la variation de la densité osseuse à deux sites squelettiques dans une cohorted’hommes sélectionnés pour des valeurs phénotypiques extrêmes. Nos résultats montrentl’intérêt d’utiliser des approches bivariées en particulier pour l’analyse d’association. Parailleurs, dans le cadre du groupe de travail GAW16, nous avons comparé lesperformances relatives de trois méthodes d’association dans des données familiales. / The majority of complex diseases in humans are likely determined by both genetic andenvironmental factors. Using correlated phenotypes may increase the power to map theunderlying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). This work aims to evaluate and compare theperformance of bivariate methods for detecting QTLs in correlated phenotypes by linkageand association analyses. We applied these methods to data on Bone Mineral Density(BMD) variation, measured at the two skeletal sites, in a sample of males selected forextreme trait values. Our results demonstrate the relative gain, in particular for associationanalysis, of bivariate approaches when compared to univariate analyses. Finally, we studythe performances of association methods to detect QTLs in the GAW16 simulated familydata.
4

Computational Approaches for the Analysis of Chromosome Conformation Capture Data and Their Application to Study Long-Range Gene Regulation: A Dissertation

Lajoie, Bryan R. 10 February 2016 (has links)
Over the last decade, development and application of a set of molecular genomic approaches based on the chromosome conformation capture method (3C), combined with increasingly powerful imaging approaches have enabled high resolution and genome-wide analysis of the spatial organization of chromosomes. The aim of this thesis is two-fold; 1), to provide guidelines for analyzing and interpreting data obtained from genome-wide 3C methods such as Hi-C and 3C-seq and 2), to leverage the 3C technology to solve genome function, structure, assembly, development and dosage problems across a broad range of organisms and disease models. First, through the introduction of cWorld, a toolkit for manipulating genome structure data, I accelerate the pace at which *C experiments can be performed, analyzed and biological insights inferred. Next I discuss a set of practical guidelines one should consider while planning an experiment to study the structure of the genome, a simple workflow for data processing unique to *C data and a set of considerations one should be aware of while attempting to gain insights from the data. Next, I apply these guidelines and leverage the cWorld toolkit in the context of two dosage compensation systems. The first is a worm condensin mutant which shows a reduction in dosage compensation in the hermaphrodite X chromosomes. The second is an allele-specific study consisting of genome wide Hi-C, RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq which can measure the state of the active (Xa) and inactive (Xi) X chromosome. Finally I turn to studying specific gene – enhancer looping interactions across a panel of ENCODE cell-lines. These studies, when taken together, further our understanding of how genome structure relates to genome function.

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