The selectivity criterion is one of the defining elements of State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU. The selectivity criterion is considered to be the most important and the most problematic in its application in the assessment of Member States' measures at the same time. The aim of this work is to analyze the development of ECJ's case-law and the Commission's decisional practice related to the selectivity criterion and by means of their analysis to point out the disputableness and lack of clarity of the selecivity criterion and to critically assess the unpredictability and questionable character of certain judgments of the ECJ. The first chapter deals with an introduction to the issue of State aid, subsumes it under the system of competition and describes the defining elements of State aid. The second chapter analyzes one of the two features, into which the selectivity criterion divides, referred to as an advantage. It describes both the broad concept of advantage and also a way how to identify an advantage. It also addresses the exceptions and specific regimes to which the provisions on State aid in principle do not apply. The third chapter considers general issues relating to the second feature of the selectivity criterion, which is selectivity (in the strict sense). It also pays...

This disertation deals with geographical authentification of different types of spices and spice preparations. Investigated spice species were garlic (Allium sativum), ground pepper (Capsicum anuum), and dried carrot (Daucus carota). Theoretical part of the disertation describes main qualitative parameters of the examined species and production technology, means of food adulteration and statistic methods used in chemometrics. The aim of this dissertation was to verify the hypothesis whether it is possible to use targeted analytical techniques commonly used in quality control of spices and condiments, and statistical processing of measured data to distinguish samples of spices and condiments of different geographical origin. The use of non-targeted analysis was also investigated. Samples of garlic and ground pepper were used for targeted analysis. The examined parameters were dry matter and moisture of the sample, ash content, total phenolic content according to Folin-Ciocaulteu, carbohydrate content, alliin concentration, total nitrogen content, total color pigment (ASTA), pH of aqueous extract, total fat content, and concentration of selected elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mg, Na, P, Zn). The instrumental techniques used were molecular absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The obtained data were statistically processed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Using statistical analysis significant differences between samples that came from more distant areas were found. However, samples from closer areas could not be distinguished. The researched hypothesis could not be unequivocally confirmed or refuted. Metabolic fingerprint of carrot samples was determined using non-targeted analysis. Metabolic analysis was performed using the tandem LC-TOF-MS technique. The data were processed by recursive peak extraction (BRE) and subsequently uvaluated with PCA. The samples were divided into clusters according to their origin. Targeted and non-targeted techniques have great potential in verifying the geographical authenticity of different types of spices. However, the main condition is consistent and sufficient sampling, guaranteed information on the origin of the sample and obtaining a sufficient amount of input data for statistical analysis.

The goal of this this is to create an information system for the visualization of geographical data. The main idea is to allow users to create visualizations with their own geographical data, which they can either import from files or directly attach their own database system as a source of data and make use of the data in real-time. The result will be a new web information system that will act as a point of contact between users, geographical data, and visualizations.

The main topic of this thesis are map skills, and the key point of interest are strategies used for map analysis. General reference map was found as a suitable map given its frequent use in the school atlases. The main goal of this study is evaluation of the general reference map analysis strategies in terms of their dimensions, i. e. their repertoire, distribution, efficiency, and adaptability. 20 upper secondary school students participated in an eye-tracking experiment that consisted of the test and the follow-up questionnaire. The eye-tracking data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to obtain information about the strategy dimensions. Results showed that students used broad repertoire of strategies when analyzing the general reference map and they pointed to the most chosen strategies as well. In some cases, students used more than one strategy to solve the task and thus the most frequent strategy combinations were detected. The efficiency of strategies was evaluated based on the students' success rate and the length of the solving cycle which was affected by the type of elements, respectively map content, used for solving the task. The ability to adapt to specific task demand was proven by addition of elements needed into the strategy or using entirely different strategy type. The...

Regional differentiation is a complex phenomenon concerning all countries of the world, which is analyzed by countless studies, but without a generally accepted theoretical anchorage. The Thesis deals with the transformation of Turkish regional image at multiple levels from 1975 to 2018. This transformation is analyzed by a set of selected demographic and socioeconomic indicators. The main objective is to document and evaluate Turkish regional demographic and socioeconomic differentiation, which leads to the country's polarization. The Thesis is based on statistical data from the Turkish Statistical Office. The geographical concentration of demographic and socioeconomic indicators was illustrated by tabular and map outputs. Sigma convergence evaluating the evolution of differentiation of individual indicators Gini coefficients are shown by graphs. The multiple regression analysis method examined the impact of geographical aspects on selected demographic and socioeconomic indicators. Significant part of the Thesis also deals with Turkish political- geographical context and the theoretical approaches on which it is based.

The thesis compares the constructivistic with transmissive geography tuition approach on Hvozdnice region model. The teoretical part defines field work, the didactic learning theories and focuses on closer description and comparison the constructivistic with transmissive pedagogical approach. The practical part brings a complete geographical characteristics of the specified area and subsequently SWOT analysis which provided crucial issues and generalization of the proposed field work worksheets. The proposed worksheets of the work field which deal with exploring of the local region are created in two variants- constructivistic and transmissive. Although there was no change in the thematic focus of the worksheets, there is the obvious difference between realization and achieving the objectives which is based on philosophy of each of the selected models of learning. Keywords: field work, local region, constructivism, transmission, geographical characteristics, region Hvozdnice, worksheets, guidelines

The inter-population geographic song variability can be found in many bird species. One of the most interesting types are dialects, characterized by sharp boundaries between populations of individuals sharing the same particular song type. Despite many years of investigation there is no satisfactory answer to the question how these borders persist over the years at nearly same sites. Distinctions between dialects allow recognition of males from different populations and could influence the territorial behaviour. Various habitats, however, degrade the sound differently; it is therefore possible that specific habitats are preferred by individuals with specific dialects. Both social interactions and acoustic properties of the locality could also be only secondary factors and the dialect distribution could be the result of the habitat distribution either in present or in recent past. In this diploma thesis, several hypotheses were tested on the example of Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) - a songbird abundant in open land with simple song and easily recognizable dialects. The thorough data concerning the habitats and dialect distribution were obtained at the dialect borders at two localities in Czech Republic. The reactions of territorial males to both foreign and their own dialects were also...

(in English) The Master's Thesis surveys the origins of academic folkloristics in Finland characterised by the birth of so called Finnish school of folkloristics and historic- geographic method. It breaks downs the method's specifics, theoretical starting points and practical applications. The thesis is also concerned with the work of Finnish folklorist Satu Apo who uses emic units and her own structural classification for studying folk narrative.

The thesis analyses data from both qualitative and quantitative research on the positives and negatives of field education with tablets. An indispensable part is an assessment of the premise that education with tablets affects the attitudes of pupils to geography (whether positively or negatively) and to natural sciences in general. The thesis further summarises important ideas of students and teachers in primary and secondary schools. The conclusion evaluates whether the current emphasis of the media on the inclusion of tablets into education is justified.

CHANGES OF FUNCTIONAL USE SHORE OF ORLICKÁ BARRIER FOCUSING ON RECREATIONAL FUNCTION Abstract The aim of this study is to assess changes in functional use of the shore Orlická barrier in more than fifty-year history this technical bouilding. Orlická barrier holds many functions, for example in energy and control of flows to the river system. A secondary effect is the concentration of tourism and recreation on the banks. In this work, the focus is on analysis recreational function. Other analyse functions are economic function, transport, residential and servises. Of the result of dam construction in the 60s and political changes, there were changes in the functional recovery destination. Currently Orlicko faces many problems that have a negative effect on the influx of visitors and tourists. Apart from analyzing the functional use of the area is part of this paper analysis of structured interviews with mayors, representatives of recreational centers and other actors in the area. Keywords: Vltava cascade, Orlická dam, historical and geographic analysis, functional changes, recreation, tourism