Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-146). Also available online.

Thesis (MA)--University of Montana, 2008. / Title from author supplied metadata. Contents viewed on February 11, 2010. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis--M. Phil., University of Hong Kong, 1986.

MSc., Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / ABSTRACT This study was an investigation of the impact of recharge water with respect to quality and quantity into the Rehabilitated Block I opencast operation, a former opencast coal mine in Mpumalanga, Witbank Coalfields western complex. The rehabilitated areas consisted of three mined mini-pit areas known as Block I, Block I Extension A and B. The area has been rehabilitated by backfilling and leveling of spoil material, subsoil material, placement of approximately 400-mm topsoil layer and grassing. As part of the vegetation maintenance lime is added per annum, in an effort to neutralize the soil cover and further assist in neutralizing the potential acid mine drainage. Additional monitoring boreholes were drilled to increase the monitoring of the water quantity and qualities. Ground and surface water samples were taken, analysed for pH, conductivity, redox potential, sulphates, carbonates and trace metals. The pH of the ground and surface water ranged from moderately acidic to alkaline. One of the monitoring boreholes located on the lowest elevation of the Block I area was observed to be filled up to the collar level of the borehole with water samples showing elevated Fe and Mn concentrations of 216 and 46.2 mg l-1 respectively. The water classification revealed the following facies: Ca-Mg sulphate type for the borehole water and Ca-Mg sulphate-bicarbonate type for the surface waters. Acid base accounting studies on the soil samples showed a negative net neutralising potential of up to -9.8 kg t-1 CaCO3 which indicated the potential of acid mine drainage in the area. The total metal analyses showed that the area was contaminated with heavy metals such as Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn and the metalloid As was also detected. The highest recorded concentrations of total metals were 78 252; 2 402; 1 959; 1 360 and 15 109 mg kg-1 respectively. The highest concentration of Arsenic was detected at 824 mg kg-1 respectively. The transmissivity of the boreholes in the spoil material was highly variable and ranges from 100 to 5 000 m2 day-1. Pump testing suggests that borehole yields of between 23 and 4 l s-1 can be expected in the spoil areas. The specific yield or the drainage porosity of the spoil material was in the range of 25 to 30 %.

published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Philosophy

This dissertation presents the detailed results of investigations of the geomorphological and sedimentary processes associated with five Holocene tsunamis reported to have occurred in the Aegean Sea region of Greece. This research considers the effects of the widely quoted and archeologically important Minoan tsunami of the 17th century B.C.; the central southern Aegean tsunami of 66 A.D.; a hugely destructive tsunami reported to have followed a massive earthquake on the 21st July 365 A.D.; a tsunami of volcanic origin which affected the island of Thira on 29th September 1650 A.D.; and the destructive southern Aegean tsunami of 9th July 1965 A.D. The last account is believed to be the first systematic investigation of the geomorphology and sedimentology of a modern Aegean tsunami. This research is primarily concerned with the investigation of Holocene coastal sedimentary sequences in order to identify any geological traces of the former tsunamis and it is hoped that this evidence can be used to supplement the fragmentary historic accounts. This dissertation also considers whether microfossils can be used in the identification of individual stratigraphic horizons associated with tsunami-deposited sediments and investigates whether it is possible to determine the generative origins of individual tsunamis on the basis of the sediments associated with them. Whilst the findings of this research are not intended to provide a definitive account of the tsunamis considered, they do provide important evidence where the prevailing geological conditions of the Aegean Sea region would otherwise combine to limit the data available. Furthermore, it is believed that the results of this investigation do contribute to existing knowledge and will be of value to archaeologists seeking to explore the relationships between archaeological sites, landscape evolution and environmental change.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um inventário das feições erosivas lineares da alta bacia do ribeirão Araquá, municípios de São Pedro e Charqueada/SP, com base em técnicas cartográficas e aerofotogramétricas analógicas e digitais. O levantamento foi realizado em 2 escalas de abordagem diferentes: 1:50.000 (semi-detalhe) e 1:15.000 (detalhe). Na escala de semi-detalhe, produziu-se uma carta hipsométrica, uma carta clinográfica e um mapa morfológico, onde foram representadas as feições erosivas. Esses produtos, aliados com as informações sobre solos, litologia e o uso da terra, deram origem ao mapa morfopedológico da sub-bacia. Com base nesse mapa, foi definida a sub-bacia do Córrego do Querosene para o estudo em escala de detalhe. Na sub-bacia do Córrego do Querosene foram produzidas as cartas hipsométrica e clinográfica e os mapas de morfologia do relevo, solos, uso da terra e formas erosivas lineares. O levantamento do uso da terra e das formas erosivas lineares foi realizado com base em fotografias de 4 períodos diferentes, 1962 (1:25.000), 1978 (1:35.000), 1995 (1:25.000) e 2006 (1:30.000). Esse diagnóstico possibilitou realizar correlações das formas erosivas com as características do meio físico, o que deu origem a um mapa de suscetibilidade à erosão, além de ter permitido uma avaliação da evolução temporal das feições. Os resultados mostraram que a área atingida por sulcos diminuiu 38,18% no período de 1962 a 2009. Em contrapartida, as afetadas por linhas de pisoteio subiram 137%. No mesmo período, o número de ravinas aumentou em 87,5%, e as voçorocas cerca de 300%. Os dados mostraram também que as ravinas e voçorocas se instalaram preferencialmente em setores côncavos das vertentes, com declividades acima de 10%, principalmente, e em áreas como solos muito arenosos, profundos, homogêneos, permeáveis e cobertos por pastagens ou vegetação ciliar. As técnicas de interpretação e restituição aerofotogramétricas digitais se mostraram muito superiores às analógicas, embora o processo digital tenha se mostrado mais moroso que o analógico. As técnicas digitais permitiram a correção de grande parte das distorções geométricas das fotos, facilitando, dessa forma, as medidas das ravinas e voçorocas. / This study aimed to make an inventory of the forms of linear erosion in the high basin of the river Araquá, municipality of San Pedro and Charqueada / SP, based on cartographic and aerophotogrametric techniques in analog and digital environment. The survey was conducted in 2 different scales of approach: 1:50.000 (semi-detailed) and 1:15.000 (detailed). In the semi-detailed scale, it was produced a hypsometric chart, a slope chart and a morphological map, where the forms of linear erosion were represented. These products, with the informations about soils, lithology and land use, led to the morphopedologic map. Based on this map, was choose the sub-basin of the Querosene stream for the study on detailed scale. In the sub-basin of the Querosene stream were produced hypsometric and slope charts, morphologic, soils, land use and linear erosion maps. The survey of land use and linear erosion was based on photographs of 4 different periods, 1962 (1:25.000), 1978 (1:35.000), 1995 (1:25.000) and 2006 (1:30.000). This diagnosis made possible to create a susceptibility erosion chart and to correlate forms of linear erosion with the characteristics of the physical environment as well as assessments of the temporal evolution of the erosion. The results showed that the area affected by furrows decreased 38,18% from 1962 until 2009. In contrast, the areas with grazing tracks made by cows increased 137%. In the same period, the number of ravines increased 87,5% and gullies about 300%. The data also showed that the ravines and gullies are preferably in hollow forms, >10% slopes, mainly in areas of very sandy, deep, homogeneous and permeable soils, which are covered by grassland or ciliary vegetation. The techniques of digital aerophotogrametric interpretation and restitution showed far superior to analog, but the digital process is slowest than the analog. The digital techniques allowed the correction of most of the geometric distortions of the photos, facilitating, thus, the measures of ravines and gullies.

Esta pesquisa consistiu na análise geomorfológica e em um conjunto de levantamentos dos aspectos físicos da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Balainho. O trabalho baseou-se no mapeamento morfométrico e morfográfico, além de observações de campo para o levantamento das características morfológicas da referida bacia. Os dados coletados visaram também estabelecer as características morfoestruturais e morfoesculturais, a fim de indicar áreas com maior potencialidade a processos denudativos. Para tal, optou-se pela utilização de cartografia geomorfológica de detalhe (1: 25.000) por meio da fotointerpretação de fotografias aéreas e de técnicas de mapeamento (morfografia) apresentadas por Tricart (1965) e Verstappen e Zuidam (1975). Quanto às técnicas na confecção das cartas morfométricas, estas se basearam nos apontamentos de Spiridonov (1981), Cunha, Mendes e Sanches (2003). As modificações morfológicas observadas, sobretudo os processos lineares de erosão foram associados a causas distintas em cada setor compartimentado da bacia (alta, média e baixa bacia), devido a características geológicas, morfológicas, pedológicas, de cobertura superficial e de usos distintos do solo. / This research is consisted of a set of data about the physical aspects of the Ribeirão Balainhos drainage basin. The study is based on morphometric and morphografic mapping and on field observations for the attainment of morphological characterization of the drainage basin. The data collected aimed to determine the morphostructural and morphosculpture characteristics, with the goal of point the areas with higher risks to suffer denudation process. For this, it was chosen the detailed geomorphological cartography (1:25.000), by the photointerpretation of aerial photographs and mapping technics (morphography), given by Tricart (1965) and Verstappen and Zuidam (1975). By the technics used in creation of the morphometrics charts, they were based on Spirodonov (1981), Cunha, Mendes and Sanches (2003) notes. The morphological changes viewed, especially the linear erosions processes, were associated to different reasons in each sector compartmented of the basin (upper, middle and lower), due the geological, morphological, pedological, surface coverage soil and land uses characteristics.

<p>This thesis presents a method for detailed landscape presentation. The method incorporates both fieldwork-based comprehensive geomorphological description and digital data handling and thus contributes in filling the gap between traditional geomorphological mapping and modern geomorphological studies performed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS).</p><p>The main part of the thesis relates to development of a new detailed geomorphological mapping system, constructed to be easy to use and yet present a large amount of geomorphological information. The legend of the mapping system has successfully been applied to various types of landscapes, mapped at various scales between 1:5,000 and 1:50,000 without any modifications needed. The information presented in the map is based on simple descriptive criteria and thus the subjectivity is kept low, which enables a broad field of usage. In parallel with the mapping system a GIS-based geomorphological database has been developed. The structure and data presentation of the new mapping system allows for easy transformation of the data to form part of this database. The selected format of the GIS database is the ESRI ArcGIS^®, Personal geodatabase.</p><p>In the development of the geomorphological mapping system four field areas have been mapped in central (Bonäs, Risa and Liden) and northern Sweden (Tarfala). In addition the new legend has been adapted to a field area situated in Vorarlberg, Austria (Upper Gamperdona valley).</p><p>In relation to the Tarfala field area an added issue of the project has been to give insights in the effects of physical and chemical weathering on various rock types to see if this can be detected in materials and landforms. The results from this study point at that resistance towards weathering vary among rocks even though they are of same rock type.</p>