Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sanine_ms_dr_botib.pdf: 533764 bytes, checksum: 2237b6aa848d3e17a41a6984c2761484 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Para o estabelecimento de espécies nativas da caatinga, independente de sua finalidade, sendo econômica ou ecológica, é necessário o conhecimento prévio de suas características fisiológicas e suas exigências ambientais. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: a) levantar as principais utilizações populares de mororó (Bauhinia cheilantha) e trabalhos relacionados à fisiologia e armazenamento de suas sementes; b) obter informações sobre o efeito da superação de dormência e da temperatura na porcentagem e velocidade de germinação de mororó, neste experimento as sementes foram submetidas a escarificação pela imersão em ácido sulfúrico p.a durante diferentes períodos (0, 5, 10, 15, 30 e 45 minutos) e temperaturas de germinação (20, 25, 30 e 35ºC); c) verificar a influência das condições e períodos ideais de armazenamento de sementes de mororó, estas foram submetidas a duas condições de ambiente e câmara fria durante diferentes períodos (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses) e ao tratamento pela imersão em acido sulfúrico p.a., tendo como testemunha sementes intactas. Foram determinadas curvas de absorção de água, o número de sementes germinadas, IVG, além dos teores de açúcares solúveis totais e a atividade da amilase em ambas condições, nos cinco períodos de armazenamento. O levantamento bibliográfico evidenciou que o mororó (B. cheilantha) é muito utilizado como forrageira na época de seca e de grande importância para os produtores na caatinga, porém não existem informações sobre a germinação e armazenamento de suas sementes. Foi determinado que o armazenamento das sementes em ambiente é o mais adequado para manutenção do potencial germinativo. A escarificação química e a temperatura de 25ºC são condições adequadas para se obter sucesso na germinação desta espécie. / In order to establish caatinga native species, with economical or ecological purpose, it s necessary the previous knowledge of their physiological characteristics and environmental requirements. In face of this, the present research aimed at: a) to search the main popular uses of mororó (Bauhinia cheilantha) and researches related to physiology and storage of their seeds; b) to get information about the effect of dormancy break and temperature in the mororó germination s percentage and speed. In this experiment, seeds were submitted to scarification through immersion in p.a. sulphuric acid at several germination periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 minutes) and temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35ºC); c) to verify the influence of ideal conditions and periods of mororó seed storage, which were submitted to two conditions of environment and cold chamber at several periods (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) and treatment by immersion in p.a. sulphuric acid, with intact seeds as control. It were determined water uptake curves, number of germinated seeds, GSI, besides total soluble sugar levels and amylase activity in both conditions, at five storage periods. The bibliographic research made evident that mororó (B. cheilantha) has been too used as forage in the dry grow season and it is very important for producers in caatinga. However, there isn t information about germination and storage of their seeds. It was determined that seed storage in environment is the most suitable for germinative potential maintenance. Chemical scarification and temperature at 25°C are suitable conditions for getting success in the germination of this species.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-10-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 batistellafilho_f_dr_jabo.pdf: 419562 bytes, checksum: ef59aa1324c4f2c740f11fc5d74a8ab9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com este trabalho, objetivou-se verificar os efeitos da adubação com fósforo e potássio na produção e qualidade de sementes de soja da cultivar Conquista. Para tanto, foram conduzidos experimentos a campo nas safras 2009/2010 e 2010/2011. Os tratamentos resultaram do arranjo fatorial entre cinco doses de fósforo (0; 40; 80; 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e três doses de potássio (0; 50 e 100 kg ha-1 de K2O), os quais foram aplicados em áreas distintas para cada safra. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, cujas médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e por análise de regressão. Foram avaliadas a produtividade; componentes de produção; teores de nutrientes nas folhas e nas sementes; classificação por peneiras; germinação e vigor das sementes. A adubação fosfatada aumentou a produtividade, sendo que, com a aplicação da dose de 160 kg ha-1 de P2O5, houve aumento de 351 e 1.013 kg ha-1 em relação à testemunha, para as safras de 2009/2010 e 2010/2011, respectivamente. A adubação potássica não interferiu na produtividade de sementes de soja e praticamente não alterou os componentes de produção. A resposta da adubação com fósforo e potássio sobre a produtividade de sementes de soja depende dos respectivos teores destes nutrientes no solo, sendo que, em condição de teores baixos ou muito baixos, há maior probabilidade de resposta. As adubações com fósforo e potássio praticamente não afetaram a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, indicando que, em condições de limitação na disponibilidade de nutrientes para a planta, esta prioriza a qualidade das sementes produzidas em detrimento da produção de sementes em quantidade / The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality of soybean of “Conquista” cultivar. Fields experiments were conducted in the 2009/10 and 2010/11 seasons. The treatments consisted of factorial arrangement of five phosphorus rates (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and three potassium rates (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 of K2O), which were applied in different areas for each season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, whose means were compared by Tukey Test and Regression analysis. It was evaluated productivity, yield components, nutrient content in leaves and seeds, screen classification; germination and seed vigor. Phosphorus fertilization increased productivity, and the application of the 160 kg ha-1 of P2O5 rate increased the yield by 351 and 1,013 kg ha-1 compared to control, for 2009/10 and 2010/11 seasons, respectively . Potassium fertilization didn’t affect the soybean seeds yield and didn’t change the yield components. The response of phosphorus and potassium on the soybean yield depends of the respective levels of these nutrients in the soil, and in condition of low or very low levels are more likely to respond. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers practically no affected the physiological quality of seeds, indicating that under conditions of limited nutrient availability to the plant, it prioritizes the quality of seed produced at the expense of seed production in quantity.

O potencial fisiológico de sementes, determinado pela germinação e vigor, é diretamente responsável pelo desempenho das sementes em campo, podendo até se refletir na produtividade de diversas espécies de hortaliças de importância econômica. Diante disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos para determinação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de cebola (Allium cepa L.), visando destacar procedimentos adequados para utilização em programas de controle de qualidade; procurou-se, também, verificar a relação dos resultados obtidos em laboratório com a emergência das plântulas e o desempenho das plantas em campo. Para tanto, utilizaram-se seis lotes de sementes dos cultivares Aurora e Petroline, avaliados, em laboratório, quanto ao grau de umidade, germinação e vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, classificação do vigor de plântulas, condutividade elétrica, frio sem terra, envelhecimento acelerado tradicional e com solução salina e deterioração controlada). O desempenho das plantas foi verificado em ensaios de campo, utilizando-se dois sistemas de cultivo: semeadura direta e transplante de mudas; durante o desenvolvimento das plantas avaliaram-se, periodicamente, a altura, o diâmetro na região do colo e a massa de matéria seca das plantas. Após a colheita, determinou-se o rendimento final e efetuou-se a avaliação comercial dos bulbos. Concluiu-se que os testes de envelhecimento acelerado com solução salina (41ºC/72h), de deterioração controlada (ajuste do grau de umidade das sementes para 24% de água/45ºC/24h) e de classificação do vigor de plântulas, são considerados eficientes para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de cebola. As relações entre o vigor de sementes de cebola e o desempenho das plantas manifestam-se apenas durante a fase inicial do desenvolvimento da cultura, principalmente quando as diferenças entre o potencial fisiológico dos lotes são mais acentuadas, mas não afetam diretamente a produção de bulbos. / Research has emphasized the relationship of laboratory germination and vigor to seedling emergence and stand establishment. In contrast, information relating seed vigor to plant performance is less available. This study was conducted to identify reliable procedures to rank onion ( Allium cepa L.) seed lots according to their physiological potential and to select the most adequate procedures to be used in quality control programs. In addition, it was verified whether the differences in seed vigor influence plant performance in field conditions. Six seed lots of cultivars Aurora and Petroline were evaluated in laboratory for germination and vigor (first count, seedling vigor classification, electrical conductivity, cold test, traditional and saturated salt accelerated aging and controlled deterioration). Field experiments to detect differences in plant development were performed by direct sowing and transplant systems; after the determination of seedling emergence, plant vegetative development was evaluated by plant height, pseudo stem width and dry matter accumulation measurements. After harvest, the bulbs commercial classification and yield evaluation were provided. It was concluded that saturated salt accelerated aging (41ºC/72h), controlled deterioration (24% of water/45ºC/24h) and seedling vigor classification tests were the best procedures to assess the physiological potential of onion seeds. The initial plant development as measured by plant height and dry matter accumulation was affected by seed vigor mainly when the differences of seed physiological potential became wider as a result of the storage period. Influence of seed vigor did not persist during plant vegetative growth and yield was not related to seed vigor level. It was therefore concluded that the use of high vigor seed lots is justified to ensure adequate stand establishment under different environmental conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005- Cristiane Miranda Martins.pdf: 5016347 bytes, checksum: edbb51eb103817d7b3f8ed06497e9daa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The present work was carried out at UFRRJ, in Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro state, to study the influence of tegument and aril on the germination of seeds from two Passifloraceae species: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg. and Passiflora alata Curtis. obtained from whole market fruits pur chased at CEASA-RJ. On the first stage the seeds were evaluated in regard to the physiological and sanitary quality at different substrates and temperatures, as well as to the the process of imbibition and hydric restrition. A three-phase pattern of seed imbibition, was observed, germination decreased from the osmotic potential of -0,6 MPa and increased in sand at the temperature alternating from 20 to 30? C in both species. However, sanitary quality was greatest in fungicide treated seeds with removed aril. The results have pointed out that the seeds from both species presented highest percentage of germination upon aril removal, regardless the seed extremity cutting-off. On the second stage seed extracts were obtained with organic solvents of different polarities. These extracts were identified by classes and a sensibility test was performed with Lactuca sativa L. seeds. Steroids and triglicerides were detected in the dichloromethane extract, carbohydrates were detected in methanol extract. Lettuce seeds germination was inhibited by the dichlorinemethanol extract and increased the members of abnormal seedlings and hard seeds. / O presente trabalho foi realizado na UFRRJ, em Serop?dica, RJ, com a finalidade de estudar a influ?ncia do tegumento e do arilo na germina??o de sementes de duas esp?cies de Passifloraceas, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg. e Passiflora alata Curtis., obtidas de frutos oriundos de lotes comerciais, adquiridos no CEASA RJ. Na primeira etapa, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto ? qualidade fisiol?gica e sanit?ria, em diferentes substratos e temperaturas, bem como o processo de embebi??o e de restri??o h?drica, nos quais se constatou o modelo trif?sico de embebi??o das sementes, redu??o da germina??o a partir do potencial 0,6 MPa, melhoria da germina??o em substrato areia e na temperatura alternada de 20-30?C, em ambas as esp?cies. Contudo, a qualidade sanit?ria foi maior nas sementes onde foi aplicado fungicida e onde o arilo havia sido removido. Os resultados indicaram que sementes de ambas as esp?cies apresentaram maior porcentagem de germina??o na aus?ncia do arilo, independente do desponte. Na segunda etapa foram obtidos extratos com solventes org?nicos de diferentes polaridades, identificadas ?s classes de subst?ncias presentes e realizado teste de sensibilidade dos mesmos com sementes de Lactuca sativa L. Foram detectados no extrato obtido com diclorometano triglicer?deos e ester?ides; e carboidratos no extrato metan?lico. O extrato diclorometano inibiu a germina??o de sementes de alface, aumentando o n?mero de pl?ntulas anormais e sementes duras, indicando que as subst?ncias contidas nesse extrato influenciaram o processo germinativo.

Orientador: Edivaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva / Banca: Juliana Pereira Bravo / Banca: João Nakagawa / Banca: Ana Dionísia da Luz Coelho Novembre / Resumo: A planta de Solanum paniculatum pertence à família Solanaceae e apresenta crescimento e desenvolvimento em condições ambientais desfavoráveis, tais como estresse hídrico e salino, solos ácidos e solos com deficiência em nutrientes. Por tanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o transcriptoma de sementes de S. paniculatum L induzidas a tolerar déficit hídrico. As sementes secas foram acondicionadas em tubos contendo 15 mL de solução de PEG 8000 com potencial osmótico de -0,4; -0,8; -1,0 e - 1,2MPa e mantidas à temperatura de 15 °C durante 15 dias. Em seguida, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar em condições de déficit hídrico, que foi realizado pelo uso de meio germinativo contendo soluções de PEG 8000 nos potenciais de 0,0, -0,2, - 0,4, -0,6, -0,8 e -1.0 MPa na temperatura de 25 °C e luz constante. Após a conclusão dessa etapa, o melhor tratamento (-1,0 MPa) foi utilizado para os estudos moleculares. Posteriormente, foi extraído o RNA total das sementes condicionadas e não condicionadas (NC). Em seguida a integridade do RNA foi verificada em Bioanalyzer e as bibliotecas foram preparadas utilizando o protocolo TruSeq RNA sample prep v2. O sequenciamento foi realizado no HiScanSQ (Illumina) e os dados gerados analisados pela plataforma CLC Genomics Workbench versão 6.0.2 (CLC bio, Denmark). Os contigs foram anotados usando o programa Blast2go e o enriquecimento funcional pelo GO e Bingo. Os genes diferencialmente obtidos foram validados via RT-qPCR. Observou-se aumento na porcentagem de germinação total das sementes condicionadas (-1,0 MPa) em relação às não condicionadas (NC). Foram gerados 34.640 transcritos, onde 208 transcritos foram diferencialmente expressos, porém, 23 apresentaram respostas a estresse em sementes de S. paniculatum L, associados com estresse abiótico (déficit hídrico, estresse térmico e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Solanum paniculatum L belongs to the Solanaceae family and presents growth and development in unfavorable environmental conditions such as drought and salt stress, acid soils and soils poor in nutrients. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the S. paniculatum L seed transcriptome induced to tolerate drought stress. The dried seeds were placed in tubes containing 15 mL of PEG 8000 solution with osmotic potential of -0.4; -0.8; -1.0 and -1.2MPa followed by incubation at 15° C for 15 days. Then the seeds were subjected to germinate under drought conditions, which was generated by the use of germination medium containing PEG 8000 solutions at potentials of 0,0, -0,2, -0,4, -0,6, -0, 8 and -1,0 MPa at 25° C under constant light. Following, RNA was extracted and had the quality verified in Bioanalyzer and libraries were prepared using the TruSeq RNA sample prep protocol v2. Sequencing was performed on HiScanSQ (Illumina) and the data generated were analyzed in CLC Genomics Workbench platform version 6.0.2 (CLC bio, Denmark). The contigs were recorded using Blast2go program and functional enrichment for GO and Bingo. We observed an increase in the percentage of germination under drought stress of seeds previously subjected to PEG treatment (-1,0MPa) in comparison with seeds that were not treated. There were generated 34.640 transcripts, where 208 were differentially expressed but only 102 transcripts where associated with stress. However, only twenty three transcripts have known function which are associated with response to stress (drought, heat and oxidative stress). Among those, thirteen genes had the expression validated by qPCR. Here, we discuss the possible involvement on these genes on stress tolerance in Solanum paniculatum seeds during germination. / Doutor

Winter wheat stubble and dried plant residue in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields were burned in the fall and spring to evaluate effects on jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host.) seed survival and germination. Laboratory studies were also conducted to determine minimum temperatures and heat duration needed to reduce jointed goatgrass seed viability. Maximum air temperatures attained during various field burns reached from 74 C to over 700 C. Temperatures 2.5 em above the soil surface remained above 400 C for over 10 seconds and above 600 C for 2 to 8 seconds in burning CRP stubble. Results for the winter wheat stubble location were similar with temperatures sustained above 400 C for over 30 seconds. Seed exposure in the lab to 400 and 600 C flames for 1 second reduced germination to 20 and 15 percent, respectively. Germination was reduced to zero with exposures of 10 seconds or more. Oven temperatures of 150 C reduced germination to 85, 57.5, 17.5, 0 and 0 percent for exposures of 20, 30, 60, 120 and 300 seconds, respectively. At 275 C oven temperature germinability dropped to 50% after a 10 second exposure and 0% after a 20 second exposure. Jointed goatgrass plant populations were reduced 54 to 92% after field burning in the spring or fall. Fall burning provided 70 to 85% control of goatgrass the following spring. In non-burned non-disked plots over 90% of emerging plants germinated from seeds on the soil surface. In burned non-disked plots few seeds germinated from on the surface, with 80 to 90 percent of surviving plants having germinated from buried seed. Herbicides provided limited control of jointed goatgrass. None of the herbicides provided greater than 50% control.

Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) is adapted to low wet lands and survives flooding and periods of drought. Much of the valley bottom land of Utah is flooded during part of the year, yet some of this land is very dry late in the summer. This grass could become an important forage for Utah's valley bottom lands if stand establishment could be assured. Low germination percentages and long germination periods under field conditions often result in poor stands.

Four levels of NaNO2 (0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 156 ppm) were tested for antibotulinal activity in ground pork inoculated with spores of Clostridium botulinum either at the time of formulation or after cooking. Samples formulated with less than 156 ppm sodium nitrite received additional nitrite to adjust the residual nitrite equal to that found after cooking in samples formulated with 156 ppm nitrite. All samples were subjected to abusive storage at 27 C. Inoculating the spores at the time of formulation resulted in a faster rate of swelling. Heating C. botulinum spores for 30 min. at 77 C before addition to cooked meat also resulted in rapid germination. Total botulinal counts were significantly higher (p=0.05) in these samples, compared with similarly treated samples formulated with unheated spores. Samples formulated with 50 ppm initial sodium nitrite and with 78 ppm additional NaNO2 after cooking were the most inhibitory. Initial nitrite concentration was shown to be important for inhibition of C. botulinum growth, probably because of the inhibitory carryover effects of protein-bound nitrite formed during cooing, as well as influencing the concentration of residual nitrite.

This thesis investigated aspects of plant recruitment across an altitudinal gradient of mountain tops in the Victorian Alps, Australia, and provides a baseline for the patterns and processes of alpine plant recruitment in the absence of large-scale disturbance. The patterns in alpine vegetation across the study sites were described in relation to abiotic environmental factors. Temperatures were lower and precipitation was higher at the high altitude sites. The vegetation did not differ significantly between the sites, although sites at low altitudes were shrubbier than those at high altitudes. Analysis of the soil seed bank revealed high mean densities of germinable seed (80 to 1400 seeds m-2) across the gradient of sites. The similarity between the seed bank samples and the standing vegetation was low (qualitative similarity: 0.08 to 0.2; quantitative similarity: 0.03 to 0.19). In laboratory germination experiments, I found rapid and substantial germination. Final percent germination was above 90% for most species. One species, Aciphylla glacialis, showed evidence of dormancy mechanisms. In subsequent experiments, I found that innate primary seed dormancy in this species could be broken with cold-wet stratification. There were no significant patterns in natural seedling recruitment across the altitudinal gradient. Similarities between the seedling flora and the standing vegetation were low (qualitative similarity: 0.18 to 0.45: quantitative similarity 0.04 to 0.09). Mean seedling density was best predicted by a combination of soil wilting point, altitude and plant litter. In some cases, seedling density was greater than 80 seedlings m-2. The relative importance of either negative (competitive) or positive (facilitative) interactions between seedlings with adjacent vegetation were investigated in relation to seed germination, seedling growth and seedling survival. Facilitative interactions were common at the higher altitude sites. At lower altitudes, facilitative and competitive interactions were common. Without close neighbours at high altitudes, seedlings were unlikely to survive into their second year. An understanding of plant recruitment can provide a useful basis for predicting species responses to large-scale disturbance and climate change.

La Sucrose non-fermenting Related Kinase (SnRK1), en interaction avec ses deux sous unités : b et g (SNF4), est un important régulateur du métabolisme et des réponses aux stress chez les plantes. Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier le rôle de MtSNF4b, une sous unité g spécifique des graines de Medicago truncatula, pendant l'imbibition en relation avec la germination. Une analyse physiologique de la germination des graines RNAi MtSNF4b au cours de la post maturation à sec montre que les graines n'exprimant pas MtSNF4b perdent leur dormance plus rapidement que les graines de type sauvage. Une analyse transcriptomique comparative entre des embryons RNAi MtSNF4b et types sauvages montre que la plupart des gènes sont réprimés dans les graines RNAi MtSNF4b et sont liés au stress biotiques. Ces gènes codent des pathogenesis related protéines de type PR-10, des chitinases ou des facteurs de transcription de type WRKY et des enzymes impliquées dans le métabolisme secondaire, notamment les voies métaboliques des phénylpropanoïdes et des isoflavonoïdes pour la biosynthèse de la médicarpine. Cependant, aucune différence dans la sensibilité des semences imbibées de type sauvage et RNAi MtSNF4b à deux souches de Xanthomonas par l'analyse de dynamiques de tailles des populations bactériennes n'a pu être mise en évidence. Des résultats préliminaires d'une étude de double hybride mettent en évidence plusieurs candidats potentiellement impliqués dans la régulation de ces gènes. La protéine MtSNF4b semble connecter la post maturation à sec avec les mécanismes de défenses dans les graines dormantes de Medicago truncatula.