Thesis (M.A. in Biblical Studies)--Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary, 2000. / Includes photocopy of The constitution of the Musama Disco Christo Church, compiled by M. Moses Jehu-Appiah [1959]. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-79).

Thesis (master's) - International Faith Theological Seminary University College, Burlington, WA, USA, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-14).

Thesis (M.A. in Biblical Studies)--Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary, 2000. / Includes photocopy of The constitution of the Musama Disco Christo Church, compiled by M. Moses Jehu-Appiah [1959]. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-79).

Atthe beginning of the 19th century, the world consisted of about ten democracies. During the 1990showever, more than 60 of the world's countries counted as democratized.Intherecent decades, the number of democracies in the world has increased by a great deal. Democracy is, in what Samuel P. Huntington describes in his book "The Third wave" its third democratization wave. The first wave started in 1828 and lasted for almost a hundred years. At the same time as thefirstwave slowed down, the first wave of oppression began with the start of the great depression of the 1920s. Atthe end of the Second World War, the second, and short-lived, democratization wave began. It lasted until the mid-1970s. The third, and lastwave,as described by Huntington,is the one that has been going on since 1974 until his book was publishedin 1991. In thisthird democratization wave, states went from having a non-democratic rule of law to a democratic system with free elections. Many countries went from being dictatorships to becoming democracies. In the opposing waves, fewer countries went from a democratic government to a more authoritativeonethan in the democratization waves. After the decolonization of the 1960s, the vast majority of African states had embraced authoritarian non-democratic governance and the continent was characterized by one-party states. One of the few countries that followed this wave of democratization was Ghana, a country that counts as a democratic highlightamong dictatorships and hybrid-regimes in the region. Ghana’s peaceful many transitions of powers since their democratization process began in the mid-1990sis standing out amongst their neighbors. What has caused Ghana to succeed? Can Huntington's third democratization wave say anythingabout the reason? And why have not more countries been democratically successful?

This study sought to analyse the role of foreign aid in poverty alleviation and economic development of Ghana from 1957 to 2008. Literature related to the study on foreign aid and economic development was reviewed to get an insight into the views of other writers on the topic under study. The study adopted both primary and secondary sources of data to examine the concept of foreign aid, poverty reduction and economic development in Ghana. The study collected data using qualitative interviews consisting of open- and close-ended questions from the field. Content analysis involving the use of existing materials by researchers and the analyses of data originally collected by others was also relied on as a complement to the primary sources in the study. The study found that donor aid is not well coordinated in Ghana because of the proliferation of donor agencies in the country. Though aid is provided to the Ghanaian economy to address poverty and economic development challenges, the study found that foreign aid did not achieve the set objectives because of poor management of donor resources. This study, therefore, recommends that the informal economy should be promoted with funding from microfinance as an alternative to donor-driven development to effectively harness the natural resources in the country for development. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

Orientador: Alexandre Gori Maia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BenjaminSampson_Evelyn_M.pdf: 1203261 bytes, checksum: e11d34bf7a0eb6b41fb9faca572f3b49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Há uma força de trabalho cuja presença, contribuição e impacto no desenvolvimento socio-econômico não pode ser negado em nenhum lugar do mundo, embora haja pouco ou nenhum reconhecimento. Em função disso, em muitos casos, esses trabalhadores sofrem negligência e condições de trabalho inaceitáveis: os trabalhadores domésticos. Vindos de um background de trabalho familiar não pago e servidão que engloba acompanhamento (de crianças a idosos) e faxina, pessoas que se encontram neste trabalho - normalmente mulheres de famílias pobres - são comumente não consideradas como trabalhadores que merecem tratamento decente e direitos básicos no trabalho como todos os outros trabalhadores. Nas décadas recentes, em países avançados, a participação das mulheres na força de trabalho aumentou em muitas economias. Este período é caracterizado por alterações nos arranjos de trabalho e intensidade de trabalho e o sempre declinante Estado de Bem Estar Social, no qual as provisões do estado considerando serviços sociais estão escassos. A importância dos trabalhadores domésticos em tais circunstâncias - ambos nativos ou migrantes - não pode ser exagerado. De fato, serve como base para muitas economias ao redor do mundo. No entanto, pouco tem sido feito para melhorar e minimizar os desafios que esses trabalhadores enfrentam, como remuneração baixa, falta de proteção social, exploração, discriminação, trabalho infantil, tráfico de seres humanos, desregulação, abuso sexual, entre outros abusos. Gana é um dos países onde o trabalho doméstico é cada vez mais comum e estabelecido, mas não sem os desafios mencionados acima, em especial o trabalho infantil. No contexto de um país em desenvolvimento como Gana, o Estado dificilmente oferece soluções para famílias que permitiria que as pessoas trabalhassem fora de suas casas com tranquilidade. Muito precisa ser feito no intuito de promover condições de trabalho decentes para os trabalhadores domésticos / Abstract: There is a workforce whose presence, contributions and impact on socio-economic development cannot be denied anywhere they are found in the world, in spite of no or little recognition accorded them in several places - domestic workers. In many cases, they suffer neglect and unacceptable working conditions due to lack of adequate recognition of their presence as well as the value of their work to societies and economies. Coming from a background of unpaid family work and servitude that entails care-giving and housekeeping, people who find themselves in this work - often women and from poorer backgrounds - are usually not considered as workers that deserve decent treatment and basic rights at work like all other workers. In recent decades, in advanced and developing countries, women's labor force participation is increasing in many economies. This very period is characterized by changes in work arrangement, intensity of work in the face of ever declining welfare state where provisions of the state concerning care as well as social services are lagging. The importance of domestic workers in such circumstances - both as nationals or migrants- cannot be overemphasized. Indeed, paid domestic work is serving as a backbone to many economies worldwide. Notwithstanding, not much have been done to improve upon challenges they face that include low remunerations, lack of social protection, exploitation, de juro and de facto discrimination, child labor, human trafficking, unregulated agencies, sexual harassment and other abuses. Ghana is one of the countries where domestic employment is increasingly prevalent - but not without challenges such as mentioned above, especially child labor. In the context of a developing country like Ghana, the state hardly provides solutions for household concerns to enable people work outside households in tranquility. This makes domestic workers important partners for development of Ghana. However, a lot needs to be done in order to promote decent working conditions for domestic workers / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientador: Amilton José Moretto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T01:12:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ashaley_WilliamKwaku_M.pdf: 1941936 bytes, checksum: 16c474b0a95a90a16491bdff258c4149 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Atualmente, a parcela de idosos no total da população tem aumentado em todo o mundo. Proporcionalmente, cresceram as reivindicações por sistemas públicos de pensão, gastos com saúde e orçamentos governamentais. Como resultado, países que implementam apenas pensões "(pay-as-you-go) se deparam com déficits fiscais. Minha tese se foca particularmente no esquema financiado denominado multi-pilar ou multi-camada ou projeto de pensão de três camadas avaliando maneiras de melhorá-lo. A tese fornece um panorama geral da economia e atividade econômica de Gana, e a discussão teórica sobre combinação entre prestação de previdência privada e pública na forma de pensão de Gana, preparando um sistema de pensão de três camadas completado em 2008. O novo sistema de três camadas apresenta uma primeira camada de pensão pública do tipo "pay-as-you-go" que consiste em diferentes partes, incluindo uma parte relativa a contribuições, uma pensão obrigatória de gestão pública e privada de segunda camada e uma terceira camada de poupança de pensões voluntária. A análise desta tese se foca na escolha de seguro de renda, retornos de investimentos e a viabilidade de futuras reformas. Também traz à tona alguns problemas irresolutos e aponta possíveis problemas que podem surgir em decorrência do novo sistema de pensões e analisa se o sistema será capaz de atingir os objetivos estabelecidos a principio. Ainda que a implementação em 2010 do novo regime de pensões tenha sido bem sucedida, é possível que alguns grupos tenham sido deixados de fora / Abstract: In recent time the share of old in the total population has been increasing around the world. Proportionally growing are claims on public pension systems, health care expenditures, and government budgets. As a result, countries which implement only pay-as-you-go pensions face fiscal deficits. My thesis focuses in particular on the funded scheme referred to as the multi-pillar or multi-tier or three tier pension schemes and appraises ways to improve it. The thesis gives an overview of Ghana's economy and economic activity, then the theoretical discussion on combining public and private pension provision in the form of three-tier pension scheme, followed by a description and analysis of the Ghanaian pension reform, setting up a three tier pension system completed in 2008. The new three tier system features a first tier of public P.A.Y.G pension consisting of different parts including a contribution related part, a mandatory second tier privately and publicly managed funded pension and a third tier of voluntary pension savings. This thesis analysis focuses on the choice of income security, investment returns, and the feasibility of further reforms. It also brings up a number of unsettled issues then points to potential problems that may arise from the new pension system and looks at whether the system will be able to achieve the goals stated at the outset. Even though the new pension scheme has been successfully implemented in 2010, it is possible that some groups could be left out / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The study investigates the human rights violations that underlie widowhood practices in Cape Coast and Komenda in the Central Region of Ghana. Review of the relevant literature on widowhood practices suggests that widowhood practices are a global cultural phenomenon, which is not confined to Sub-Sahara Africa. A survey of relevant studies on the phenomenon suggests that there are two competing perceptions on African widowhood practices: (1) a dominant negative perspective and (2) a minor positive perspective. The dominant negative perspective, which receives overwhelming research attention, focuses only on the negative characteristics of widowhood while the minor positive perspective which receives scanty research attention, rejects the criticisms levelled against widowhood practices as being externally influenced by Christianity and Western Feminism. Various stakeholders within the Akan community were given an opportunity to retell their own versions of widowhood practices. In order to achieve this purpose, the research extracted competing narratives from all the multiple sample subgroups of the proposed study: widows; widow family heads; chiefs; widowhood ritual practitioners; elderly female supervisors of widowhood practices; an official from the Commission for Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ); an official from the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MOWAC); and an official from the Domestic Violence and Victims Support Unit (DOVVSU) of Ghana. The study found out that despite legislative intervention and policy frameworks, the practice still persist among the Akan communities in Ghana. The reasons for the continued existence of such rituals are explained followed by recommendations for possible solutions.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Business Administration), Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / Although numerous articles have been published globally on microfinance (MF), essentially highlighting the need to regulate microfinance institutions (MFIs), none of these, to the knowledge of the researcher, specifically explore in profundity the formulation process of financial monitoring policies (FMPs), their implementation, and the challenges MFIs encounter in implementing these policies. The wave of distressed and failing of MFIs in Ghana and the loss of hard-earned thrift deposits of the poor, therefore demand for this investigation. This study consequently viaducts the gap and contributes to the debate by reviewing the specific financial policies pertaining to MFIs, their formulation, implementation of such policies, and the challenges MFIs encounter relating to those policies. Also introduced into the MF research arena, is the concept of implementation theory to move knowledge frontier forward. Further, the outcome will be of particular relevance to all emerging economies who view MFls as praxis for poverty alleviation, employment creation and addressing inequality. The study adopted a mixed research approach, with both qualitative and quantitative data gathered from a sample of 65 MFIs in Accra through a self-administered, Likert-scaled questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0, with results presented in frequency tables, figures, correlation tables, and cross-tabulations. The findings reveal that FMPs exist for MFIs in Ghana – Accra, particularly. However, regulation formulation is shown to be lopsided, with implementation of FMPs, and monitoring and supervision thereof, also found to be deficient. The results further indicate that using minimum capital as a tool to ensuring efficiency in the sector, is a major obstacle to overcome to create an impetus for regulatory non-compliance. Based on the findings, the research recommends consideration by policymakers and MFI monitoring units to create a semi-autonomous institution, the National Microfinance Promotion Authority, to regulate and supervise the MFIs in Ghana. It is also recommended that research focus be shifted to policy implementation regarding MF operations. / D

Background: Emergency Cesarean section is the most common major surgical procedure in Africa and anesthesia is required for Cesarean sections. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the actions of the perioperative team, with the main objective on the nurse anesthetist during a Cesarean section in Ghana. Methods: An ethnographic design with unstructed participant observations was carried out for this qualitative study. This overt descriptive study was carried out during 2 weeks in January 2011 at the Oda Government Hospital in Akim-Oda in Ghana. The content was analyzed through thematic content analysis based on field notes. Results: During 7 observations the writers found that the nurse anesthetists at the work alone without an anesthesiologist. The content analysis identified 5 different categories of the nurse anesthetists practice and the surgical team during a Cesarean section: Work environment, Care and treatment of the patient, Resources, Hygiene, Safety and security. Conclusion: The different treatment of the patient in Ghana and in Sweden was substantial. However; the writers found the working environment for the nurse anesthetist to be functioning, with limited means and resources. / Bakgrund: Akut Kejsarsnitt är det vanligaste större kirurgiska ingrepp i Afrika och anestesi krävs för Kejsarsnitt. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva åtgärderna av ett perioperativ team, med huvudfokus på anestesisjuksköterskan, under ett Kejsarsnitt i Ghana. Metod: En etnografisk design med ostrukturerade deltagande observationer utfördes för denna kvalitativa studie. Studien genomfördes under 2 veckor i januari 2011 på Oda regions sjukhus i Akim-Oda i Ghana. Innehållet analyserades genom tematiska innehållsanalyser av field notes. Resultat: Vid 7 observationer fann författarna att anestesisjuksköterskan arbetade ensam utan en anestesiolog. Innehållsanalysen uppvisade 5 olika kategorier av anestesisjuksköterskans praxis och det kirurgiska teamet under ett Kejsarsnitt. Arbetsmiljö, vård och behandling av patienten, resurser, hygien, säkerhet och trygghet. Slutsats: Behandlingen av patienten jämfört med vården som ges till patienter i Sverige var märkbart annorlunda . Trots detta fann författarna att arbetsmiljön för anestesisjuksköterskan fungerade, med begränsade medel och resurser.