GaMnAs est un semiconducteur ferromagnétique dilué dont l'ordre ferromagnétique résulte de l'interaction d'échange entre des porteurs et des ions magnétiques. La structure des domaines magnétiques et la dynamique de parois ont été étudiées par une technique d'impulsions de champ magnétique couplée à la microscopie Kerr dans des couches minces à aimantation perpendiculaire. Le recuit post-croissance supprime la croissance anisotrope des domaines en réduisant les fluctuations d'anisotropie. La constante d'échange, la largeur et l'énergie de paroi ont été obtenues à l'aide d'un modèle d'auto-organisation. L'étude de la dynamique de paroi sous champ magnétique met en évidence, au-delà du régime de reptation contrôlé par les défauts, le régime de Walker et le régime précessionnel gouvernés par la dissipation. Le coefficient d'amortissement obtenu, 30 fois plus grand qu'en résonance ferromagnétique, est cohérent avec un modèle incluant la non-conservation du module de l'aimantation.

<p>Gilbert’s syndrome (GS) occurs in approximately 10% of the European population. The most common cause is homozygosity for UGT1A1*28, which is a TA repeat expansion in the promoter of UGT1A1. It is characterised by intermittent hyperbilirubinemia due to reduced hepatic activity of the  enzyme UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase 1A1(UGT1A1). GS also  alteres the pharmacokinetics of some drugs and increases the risk of drug toxicity. Irinotecan (Camptosar®, Campto®) is used in metastatic colorectal cancer and the active metabolite is inactivated by UGT1A1. Studies have shown that GS can be a risk factor for toxicity during irinotecan therapy.</p><p>Three different methods for genotyping of UGT1A1*28 have been tested.</p><p>PCR with electrophoresis used for size separation, melting temperature analysis and fluorescent PCR followed by fragment analysis on a capillary sequencer.</p><p>The last method was found to be superior. This method was used for genotyping of patients with colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil in the Nordic VI study. A significant association between UGT1A1 genotype and plasma bilirubin level before the start of irinotecan treatment was seen (ANOVA p<0.0001). Patients with GS had an overall increased risk of adverse drug reactions (Fishers Exact test p=0.02).</p><p>Gilbert’s syndrome can be diagnosed by genotyping UGT1A1*28 with a fragment analysis method. Genotyping of UGT1A1*28 can be used to identify patients with an increased risk of adverse reactions to irinotecan.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p> / <p>Gilberts syndrom (GS) drabbar upp till 10% av befolkningen i Västeuropa. GS beror på nedsatt aktivitet av enzymet UDP-glukuronosyltransferas 1A1 (UGT1A1) i levern. Den vanligaste orsaken är att individen är homozygot för en insertion av två baser i promotorn för genen UGT1A1. Denna genvariant kallas (TA)7TAA  eller UGT1A1*28. GS leder till intermittent stegring av bilirubin vid infektioner, men bilirubinstegring kan förekomma även utan utlösande agens. GS kan också leda till bilirubinstegring vid viss läkemedelsbehandling. Irinotekan (Campto®) används vid metastaserande colorektal cancer och dess aktiva metabolit inaktiveras av UGT1A1. Det finns rapporter om att GS ger ökad risk för toxiska biverkningar av irinotekan.</p><p>Tre metoder för att bestämma UGT1A1 har jämförts: PCR med elfores, PCR med smältpunktsanalys och PCR med fragmentanalys på sekvensator. Den sista metoden var bäst och användes för att genotypa UGT1A1 hos patienter med colorektal cancer från Nordic VI-studien. De behandlades med irinotekan i kombination med bolusinjektion eller infusion av 5-fluorouracil. Vi fann att  patienter med GS hade signifikant högre S-bilirubin före behandling jämfört med övriga patienter. De hade även ökad frekvens biverkningar av irinotekan (Fishers exakta test p=0,02).</p><p>Genotypning av UGT1A1 kan således användas för att diagnostisera Gilberts syndrom hos patienter med oförklarad bilirubinstegring. Det kan även användas för att identifiera patienter med ökad risk för biverkningar av irinotekan.</p>

Using a number of structurally innovative novels from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s as a basis for study, this dissertation examines the representation of communities in postmodernist American fiction. While novels have often been critically studied from the standpoint of the individual and society, here the often neglected category of community is put under scrutiny. Yet rather than considering it from a sociological point of view, which can potentially favour historical, economic or political grounds for community, this study focuses on the ontological binds formed between individual and community. On one level this study connects formal qualities of postmodernist novels to a representation of community – especially literary conventions from the past that are foregrounded in the present texts. On another level it interrogates the limits of the individual in relation to others – how we emerge from others, how we are discrete from others, how much we can actually share with others, at what cost we stay or break with the others who have most influenced us. The primary novels studied here, each of which is deeply invested in the community as a locus for ontological interrogation, are Robert Coover’s "Gerald’s Party" (1985) and "John’s Wife" (1996), Gilbert Sorrentino’s "Crystal Vision" (1981) and "Odd Number" (1985), Harry Mathews’s "Cigarettes" (1987), Joseph McElroy’s "Women and Men" (1987), and Toni Morrison’s "Paradise" (1997). Despite their varied representations of and attitudes toward the individual in community, these texts share a common spectre of American Romanticism that inflects how we read the possibility of community in the postmodernist period.

Using a number of structurally innovative novels from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s as a basis for study, this dissertation examines the representation of communities in postmodernist American fiction. While novels have often been critically studied from the standpoint of the individual and society, here the often neglected category of community is put under scrutiny. Yet rather than considering it from a sociological point of view, which can potentially favour historical, economic or political grounds for community, this study focuses on the ontological binds formed between individual and community. On one level this study connects formal qualities of postmodernist novels to a representation of community – especially literary conventions from the past that are foregrounded in the present texts. On another level it interrogates the limits of the individual in relation to others – how we emerge from others, how we are discrete from others, how much we can actually share with others, at what cost we stay or break with the others who have most influenced us. The primary novels studied here, each of which is deeply invested in the community as a locus for ontological interrogation, are Robert Coover’s "Gerald’s Party" (1985) and "John’s Wife" (1996), Gilbert Sorrentino’s "Crystal Vision" (1981) and "Odd Number" (1985), Harry Mathews’s "Cigarettes" (1987), Joseph McElroy’s "Women and Men" (1987), and Toni Morrison’s "Paradise" (1997). Despite their varied representations of and attitudes toward the individual in community, these texts share a common spectre of American Romanticism that inflects how we read the possibility of community in the postmodernist period.

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Using a number of structurally innovative novels from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s as a basis for study, this dissertation examines the representation of communities in postmodernist American fiction. While novels have often been critically studied from the standpoint of the individual and society, here the often neglected category of community is put under scrutiny. Yet rather than considering it from a sociological point of view, which can potentially favour historical, economic or political grounds for community, this study focuses on the ontological binds formed between individual and community. On one level this study connects formal qualities of postmodernist novels to a representation of community – especially literary conventions from the past that are foregrounded in the present texts. On another level it interrogates the limits of the individual in relation to others – how we emerge from others, how we are discrete from others, how much we can actually share with others, at what cost we stay or break with the others who have most influenced us. The primary novels studied here, each of which is deeply invested in the community as a locus for ontological interrogation, are Robert Coover’s "Gerald’s Party" (1985) and "John’s Wife" (1996), Gilbert Sorrentino’s "Crystal Vision" (1981) and "Odd Number" (1985), Harry Mathews’s "Cigarettes" (1987), Joseph McElroy’s "Women and Men" (1987), and Toni Morrison’s "Paradise" (1997). Despite their varied representations of and attitudes toward the individual in community, these texts share a common spectre of American Romanticism that inflects how we read the possibility of community in the postmodernist period.

O desenvolvimento de tecnologias de integração para circuitos integrados junto com a demanda de cada vez mais processamento digital de sinais, como em sistemas de telecomunicações e aplicações SOC, resultaram na crescente necessidade de circuitos mistos em tecnologia CMOS integrados em um único chip. Em um trabalho anterior, a arquitetura de uma interface analógica para ser usada em aplicações SOC mistas foi desenvolvida e implementada. Basicamente esta interface é composta por uma célula analógica fixa (fixed analog cell – FAC), que translada o sinal de entrada para uma freqüência de processamento fixa, e por um bloco digital que processa este sinal. Primeiramente, as especificações de sistema foram determinadas considerando o processamento de sinais de três bandas de freqüência diferentes: FM, vídeo e celular, seguido por simulações de alto-nível do sistema da FAC. Então, uma arquitetura heteródina integrada CMOS para o front-end que integrará a FAC, composto por 2 mixers ativos e um amplificador de ganho variável, foi apresentada, enumerando-se e propondo-se soluções para os desafios de projeto e metodologia. Os blocos analógicos/RF, juntamente com o front-end, foram projetados e implementados em tecnologia CMOS IBM 0.18μm, apresentando-se simulações e medidas de um protótipo físico. / The development of IC technologies coupled with the demand for more digital signal processing integrated in a single chip has created an increasing need for design of mixed-signal systems in CMOS technology. Previously, a general analog interface architecture targeted to mixed-signal systems on-chip applications was developed and implemented, which is composed by a fixed analog cell (FAC), that translates the input signal to a processing frequency, and a digital block, that processes the signal. The focus of this thesis is to analyze, design and implement analog/RF building blocks suitable for this system. First, a set of system specifications is developed and verified through system level simulations for the FAC system, aiming the signal processing of three target applications: FM, video and digital cellular frequency bands. Then, a fully CMOS integrated dual-conversion heterodyne front-end architecture with 2 active mixers and a variable-gain amplifier is presented, enumerating and proposing solutions for the design challenges and methodology. The stand-alone building blocks and the front-end system are designed and implemented in IBM 0.18μm CMOS process, presenting simulations and experimental data from an actual physical prototype.

Submitted by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-10-03T21:02:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Neto de Faria.pdf: 17062766 bytes, checksum: 1659485ffb025186791c5015c7bb71f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-10-04T14:51:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Neto de Faria.pdf: 17062766 bytes, checksum: 1659485ffb025186791c5015c7bb71f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Figuti Venturini (pfiguti@anhembi.br) on 2018-10-04T14:51:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Neto de Faria.pdf: 17062766 bytes, checksum: 1659485ffb025186791c5015c7bb71f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T14:52:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Neto de Faria.pdf: 17062766 bytes, checksum: 1659485ffb025186791c5015c7bb71f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis tried to investigate and study the cycles of design reorganization with respect to the programs of the main design education institutions to delimit both the thinking that constitutes the cultural object and the very field of design knowledge using the philosophical categories of Gilbert Simondon. In other words the main objective of this research was to deal with the cultural object of the design field aided by the philosophical categories of Gilbert Simondon to reconstruct the forms of analysis and the understanding models needed to describe the operations and the functions of the supra-structural components of "information systems" as design cultural objects. The methodology sought to provoke the rise of different sets of explanations in order to stimulate processes of differentiation, integration and dedifferentiation capable of elucidating both the dynamic nature of the design knowledge and the renewal dynamics of the design cultural object. The thesis relevance is precisely based on the importance of characterizing and understanding the proper space and time of the becoming of design, seeking to foresee what has previously been announced in the symptoms emitted as signals by the system. It also tries to break with the reading logic of "information systems", which are based on the understanding of the aesthetic qualities of its parts rather than on the supra-structures that articulate and integrate the object constitution. However, the first impression is that the field of design is a passing territory, which reorganizes itself as the caravans pass by, so it should not be surprising that the field of design knowledge is always described through other fields of the knowledge. The focus on the surface of what is visible can not reveal the supra- structure that sustains the skin of the design object. / A presente tese buscou pesquisar e estudar os ciclos de reorganização do design em função dos currículos das principais instituições de ensino do design com o intuito de delimitar o pensamento que constitui tanto o objeto cultural quanto o próprio campo de saber do design através das categorias filosóficas de Gilbert Simondon. Assim, a pesquisa tem como principal objetivo abordar o objeto cultural do campo do design com o auxílio das categorias filosóficas de Gilbert Simondon, a fim de reconstruir as formas de análise e os modelos de compreensão necessários à descrição das operações e das funções das supraestruturas constituintes dos sistemas de informação enquanto objeto cultural do design. A metodologia buscou provocar o surgimento de conjuntos de explicações concorrentes a fim de que pudesse ser instigado o surgimento de processos de diferenciação, de integração e de desdiferenciação capazes de induzir elucidações tanto sobre a constituição dinâmica do campo de saber do design quanto da dinâmica de renovação do objeto cultural do design. A tese tem a sua relevância baseada justamente na importância de se caracterizar e compreender o espaço e o tempo próprios do devir do design, buscando antever aquilo que previamente se anuncia nos sintomas emitidos como formas de sinais pelo sistema, por tentar romper com a lógica de leitura dos sistemas de informação baseada na compreensão mais das qualidades estéticas de suas partes do que propriamente das supraestruturas articuladoras e integradoras de constituição do objeto. No entanto, a primeira impressão é de que o campo do design é um território de passagem, que conforme as caravanas passam, se reorganiza, por isso não se deve estranhar que o campo de saber do design seja sempre descrito a partir de outros campos do conhecimento. O foco na superfície do que se vê não pode revelar a supraestrutura que sustenta a pele do objeto do design.

O desenvolvimento de tecnologias de integração para circuitos integrados junto com a demanda de cada vez mais processamento digital de sinais, como em sistemas de telecomunicações e aplicações SOC, resultaram na crescente necessidade de circuitos mistos em tecnologia CMOS integrados em um único chip. Em um trabalho anterior, a arquitetura de uma interface analógica para ser usada em aplicações SOC mistas foi desenvolvida e implementada. Basicamente esta interface é composta por uma célula analógica fixa (fixed analog cell – FAC), que translada o sinal de entrada para uma freqüência de processamento fixa, e por um bloco digital que processa este sinal. Primeiramente, as especificações de sistema foram determinadas considerando o processamento de sinais de três bandas de freqüência diferentes: FM, vídeo e celular, seguido por simulações de alto-nível do sistema da FAC. Então, uma arquitetura heteródina integrada CMOS para o front-end que integrará a FAC, composto por 2 mixers ativos e um amplificador de ganho variável, foi apresentada, enumerando-se e propondo-se soluções para os desafios de projeto e metodologia. Os blocos analógicos/RF, juntamente com o front-end, foram projetados e implementados em tecnologia CMOS IBM 0.18μm, apresentando-se simulações e medidas de um protótipo físico. / The development of IC technologies coupled with the demand for more digital signal processing integrated in a single chip has created an increasing need for design of mixed-signal systems in CMOS technology. Previously, a general analog interface architecture targeted to mixed-signal systems on-chip applications was developed and implemented, which is composed by a fixed analog cell (FAC), that translates the input signal to a processing frequency, and a digital block, that processes the signal. The focus of this thesis is to analyze, design and implement analog/RF building blocks suitable for this system. First, a set of system specifications is developed and verified through system level simulations for the FAC system, aiming the signal processing of three target applications: FM, video and digital cellular frequency bands. Then, a fully CMOS integrated dual-conversion heterodyne front-end architecture with 2 active mixers and a variable-gain amplifier is presented, enumerating and proposing solutions for the design challenges and methodology. The stand-alone building blocks and the front-end system are designed and implemented in IBM 0.18μm CMOS process, presenting simulations and experimental data from an actual physical prototype.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6734.pdf: 1320765 bytes, checksum: e8301fa78fad06ab036c2f3ff316f41e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / That bibliographic theoretical-characterized survey has been as its beginning the following question: How is an individual constituted? By searching the solution for this question, we have mainly based on the thesis of Gilbert Simondon, a French philosopher, The Individuation under the Light of Notions about Shape and Information (1958), which along with the comprehension about his concepts, sought in natural sciences like inequality, meta stability and transduction. That permitted not only to understand the individual from his individuation process, but also to realize an occurring reality that antecedes it a reality that Simondon himself called pre individual. Moreover, since Simondon show us that the being is never to individuate himself, that pre-individual reality both coexists with the individual and will be his genesis. This point in Simondon s philosophy will make possible for us to answer our own questions. Would the individuation processes not be distinguishing processes, too? In case affirmative, would these singularization processes not be a deindividuation, too? In order to answer our own questions, we have performed, face to Simondon s proposal surveys about the philosophy of difference proposed by the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and the psychoanalyst Felis Guattari, and by Deleuze s comments about Simondon s philosophy. We have permitted ourselves, therefore, to perform an approach to education, which led us, not only to propose a new manner of understanding education, but also rethinking its practices. For that, we have had to delimitate a theoretical field made up by so many other surveys and texts, which could approximate to what we have performed, that is, which worked out with Simondon, the philosophy of difference and education. / Esta pesquisa de caráter teórico bibliográfico teve como ponto de partida o seguinte questionamento: Como o indivíduo se constitui? Na busca de resolver esta questão, encontramo-nos em Gilbert Simondon, filósofo francês, mais especificamente com sua tese A Individuação à Luz das Noções de Forma e se Informação (1958), que juntamente com a compreensão de seus conceitos, os quais ele vai buscar nas ciências naturais como disparação, metaestabilidade, e transdução permitiu não apenas compreender o indivíduo a partir do seu processo de individuação, mas de perceber a existência de uma realidade que antecede não só o indivíduo, mas o próprio processo de individuação, uma realidade que o próprio Simondon chamou de pré-individual. E como o Simondon nos demonstra, que o ser nunca para de se individuar, essa realidade pré-individual além de coexistir com o indivíduo será também sua gênese. É esse ponto na filosofia de Simondon que nos possibilitará também responder as nossas próprias questões. Se os processos de individuações também não são processos de singularizações? E sendo que sim, esses processos de singularizações não seriam também uma desindividuação? Para responder as nossas próprias perguntas, realizamos, frente a proposta de Simondon, aportes da filosofia da diferença proposta pelo filosofo francês Gilles Deleuze e pelo psicanalista Felix Guattari e nos comentários que Deleuze faz a filosofia de Simondon. Permitindo-nos assim, realizar uma aproximação com a educação, o que nos levou a não só propor uma nova maneira de compreender a educação, mas também, de repensar as suas práticas. Para tal, foi preciso delimitar um campo teórico composto por tantas outras pesquisas e tantos outros textos que aproximassem com o que realizamos, isto é, que trabalhassem com o Simondon, com a filosofia da diferença e com a educação.