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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Resistência à tração da madeira e resistência ao cisalhamento no plano de cola, seus impactos na geometria do dente e propriedades mecânicas de emendas dentadas / Tensile and shear strength in the wood bonding surface, its impact on the finger geometry and on the mechanical properties of the finger joints

Luisa Julieth Parra Serrano 31 March 2009 (has links)
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a resistência ao cisalhamento no plano de cola de corpos de prova especiais e avaliar o seu impacto na geometria do dente, na resistência à tração de emendas dentadas e nas propriedades oriundas da flexão de vigas simples e compostas. A resistência ao cisalhamento no plano de cola foi estudada segundo o seu ângulo de inclinação em relação às fibras, desde 0 até 90o na madeira de Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus elliottii. O Eucalyptus grandis foi favorecido por pequenos ângulos de inclinação do plano de cola contrariamente ao que aconteceu com o Pinus elliottii e, portanto, apresentou maior eficiência na colagem, o que é desejável para viga laminada colada. Os valores obtidos foram divididos pela resistência ao cisalhamento da madeira maciça para encontrarem-se as eficiências das ligações coladas com vários adesivos. O valor da resistência ao cisalhamento no ângulo de 5° foi utilizado conjuntamente com a resistência à tração da madeira maciça de Eucalyptus grandis para calcular o comprimento do dente a partir de uma teoria simples que o relaciona aos demais parâmetros já conhecidos ou simulados da emenda dentada. Essa teoria, resumida numa única identidade, foi desenvolvida para otimizar a emenda em termos de seus esforços solicitantes majoritários.A emenda dentada foi testada à tração paralela em lâminas emendadas com dentes verticais e horizontais. O perfil vertical apresentou maior resistência à tração e a diferença foi explicada pela área de colagem individual do dente. No caso do dente vertical essa área era menor e, portanto, penalizava menos quando havia algum defeito no dente. Na análise dos tipos de ruptura apresentados verificou-se que a ruptura do tipo 1 que denota má colagem por causa intrínseca do adesivo ou falta de pressão na colagem e ruptura do tipo 5 ou 6 que evidenciam pontos excessivamente fracos da barra ligada ou pontos de concentração de tensões imposta pelas garras da máquina no ensaio de tração contribuíam significativamente para redução da resistência à tração da emenda dentada. Essa resistência deve ser caracterizada por ocorrência alternada de rupturas por cisalhamento misto na superfície do dente e ruptura por tração na seção reduzida da barra ou na raiz do dente como acontece na ruptura do tipo 3. Na flexão foram ensaiadas lâminas emendadas trabalhando como viga sujeita a tensões normais de tração e de compressão e lâminas emendadas trabalhando como componente de viga laminada posicionada na borda tracionada. Não houve diferença entre esses dois casos em qualquer dos estados limites. A eficiência da viga laminada colada com emenda no meio do vão foi muito baixa em relação à viga maciça, mas somente para o módulo de ruptura à flexão. Essa eficiência foi expressa como a relação entre o momento de inércia real e o teórico. A emenda dentada não influenciou a elástica da viga laminada que apresentou o mesmo módulo de elasticidade da viga maciça. / The objective of the present study was to determine the shear strength in the bonding surface of special samples and to evaluate their impact on the geometric parameters of the finger, the tensile strength of the finger joints and the intrinsic flexural properties of simple and composed beams. The shear strength on the bonding surface was studied as a function of the inclination angle related to the wood fibers direction, from 0 to 90o in Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii species. Small inclination angles of the bonding surface performed very well in E. grandis samples and therefore it showed higher bonding efficiency when compared to P. Elliottii. The efficiency of the glued joints with different adhesives was determined by dividing the measured values by the shear strength of the solid wood. A simple theory relates the other known or simulated parameters of finger joints to the length of the finger. Using the values of the shear strength obtained experimentally with an inclination angle of 5o and the tensile strength of the solid wood of E. grandis finger length was calculated. Such theory, summarized in a unique equality, was developed to optimize the finger joints in terms of major acting efforts. The finger joints which had vertical and horizontal finger were tested in parallel traction to evaluate the maximum carrying load. The vertical profile had higher tensile strength and the difference was explained by the area of the glued joints in the finger. In the case of the vertical finger the area of glued joints was smaller and therefore had less impact when there was a defect in the finger or problem with the adhesion. Analyses of the modules of rupture revealed that rupture type 1 and type 5 or 6 contributed significantly to the reduction in the tensile strength of the finger joints. Rupture type 1 refers to failure due to causes intrinsic to the adhesive or to lack of pressure in the bonding process. Rupture type 5 or 6 refers to the presence of excessively weak points in the bar or to points of concentration of stress imposed by the clamps of the machine during the test. Such tensile strength must be characterized by the alternate presence of ruptures by mixed shear strength in the surface of the finger tip and the rupture by traction in the reduced section of the bar or in the base of the finger tip similar to a type 3 rupture. In flexural tests laminas which had a finger joint in the middle of the span ware tested as a beam subjected to tensile and compression normal stresses and also as a component of the laminated beam located in the traction edge. There were no significant differences between these two cases in any of the limiting states. The efficiency of the glued laminated beam with the finger joints located in the middle of the distance among points of support was very low in relationship to the efficiency of the solid wood, but only for the modulus of rupture in the flexure. This efficiency was expressed as the ratio of the moment of inertia to the theoretical moment. The finger joint did not influence the elasticity of the laminated beam since it had the same modulus of elasticity as the one found for solid wood.
32

Avaliação do adesivo poliuretano à base de mamona na fabricação de Madeira Laminada Colada (MLC) / Evaluation of the polyurethane adhesive base on castor oil to fabrication of glued laminated timber (GLULAM)

Maximiliano dos Anjos Azambuja 19 September 2002 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como finalidade o estudo da aplicação de um adesivo alternativo para a fabricação de madeira laminada colada (MLC). Este adesivo, à base de óleo de mamona, apresenta vantagens em relação ao tradicionalmente utilizado, considerando aspectos ecológicos e econômicos. Foram determinados parâmetros adequados para a colagem, e avaliada a compatibilidade entre adesivo e o tratamento com o preservativo hidrossolúvel de Arseniato de Cobre Cromatado (CCA - tipo C) e em madeiras sem o tratamento preservativo, em termos de resistência da linha da cola, por meio dos ensaios de cisalhamento, de tração normal e de tração paralela às fibras, usando a espécie Pinus caribea hondurensis. Com estes parâmetros, foram confeccionadas 12 vigas de MLC, utilizando-se as espécies de reflorestamento Pinus caribea hondurensis e Eucaliptus grandis. Foi avaliado o desempenho estrutural das vigas de MLC, por intermédio do ensaio mecânico de resistência à flexão, objetivando-se analisar a resistência da linha de cola. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir o bom desempenho do adesivo poliuretano à base de mamona, para a aplicação em madeira não preservada e preservada com OCA tipo-C. A pressão de colagem indicada para laminação das vigas é 0,8% MPa para madeira não tratada, e 1,6 MPa para madeira tratada. Para a fabricação das emendas das lâminas recomenda-se a pressão de colagem igual a MPa, para madeira tratada ou não. / The aim of this work is the study of the use of alternative adhesive for glued laminated timber (GLULAM). This adhesive, based on castor oil, presents ecological and economical advantages in relation of traditionally used. The appropriate parameters for gluing were determined and the compatibility between this adhesive and treatment with the waterbome preservative of chromated copper arsenate (CCA-C) were evaluated through shear tests and tensions tests (perpendicular and parallel to the grain), using the species Pinus caribea hondurensis. With these parameters, were made 12 beams of GLULAM; using the species Pinus caribea hondurensis and Eucaliptus grandis. The structural performance of the beams of GLULAM was evaluated through static bending tests. The results obtained allow concluding the good performance of the adhesive polyurethane based on castor oil, for use in wood not preserved and preserved with CCA type-C. The gluing pressures indicated are 0,8 MPa for non-treated wood, and 1,6 MPa for treated wood. The gluing pressure recommended for finger-joints is 9 MPa, for treated wood or not.
33

Etude de faisabilité d'un lamellé-collé endémique en Guyane française / Feasibility Study of Glued Laminated Timber with Tropical Hardwoods in Franch Guyana

Bourreau, Damien 16 December 2011 (has links)
Une étude de faisabilité de poutres en bois lamellé-collé a été menée en Guyane Française en utilisant les essences locales. Le but est de déterminer les paramètres de collage assurant la bonne résistance mécanique des assemblages par lamellation et par aboutage, nécessaires à la fabrication de poutres en bois lamellé-collé en climat tropical. Trois essences de bois abondantes de différentes densités ont été sélectionnées. Les adhésifs de types Mélamine-Urée-Formol et Résorcinol-Phénol-Formol ont été utilisées. Les paramètres de collage considérés sont : le grammage, le temps d’assemblage fermé et la pression.En utilisant les normes Européennes, plusieurs campagnes de tests ont été conduites sur des échantillons normalisés. Concernant le collage par lamellation, des tests élémentaires de délamination et de cisaillement des joints de colle ont été réalisés. Le test de délamination consiste en deux cycles d’immersion dans l’eau sous pression et de séchage, il induit de sévères variations d’humidité du bois susceptibles de créer des ouvertures des joints de colles. Le collage par aboutage est réalisé sur des poutres normalisées aboutées. Les entures sont obtenues grâce à un outillage standard communément utilisé pour les résineux. Les résultats ont mis en évidence l’influence des propriétés du bois et des paramètres de collage sur la résistance du joint et la résistance mécanique du produit. En effet, les paramètres du bois, tels que la densité, la rétractibilité et l’imprégnation, ont une forte influence sur le collage, en particulier sur la pression et le grammage nécessaires à la production d’un produit commercialisable. Il apparait qu’un bois de densité moyenne et poreux nécessite un grammage et une pression élevés comparé à un bois de densité élevée qui nécessite des valeurs moindres. Aussi, l’influence d’autres paramètres de fabrication, tels que le rabotage, l’encollage double face et simple face ainsi que l’épaisseur des lamelles, a été établie. Par contre il semblerait que le matériel communément utilisé pour l’aboutage des résineux n’est pas adapté aux feuillus tropicaux. En final, des paramètres de collage ont été validés pour la fabrication de lamellé-collé endémique en Guyane Française et une étude du coût de production d’une poutre lamellé-collé standard a identifié les conditions économiques d’une fabrication en Guyane Française. / A feasibility study of glued-laminated timber beams was carried out in French Guiana using local wood species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the gluing parameters that could ensure good mechanical properties for the manufactured glued-laminated beams in tropical climates. Three abundant wood species with different specific gravity were selected for the study. Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde and Resorcinol-Phenol-Formaldehyde resins were used for gluing. The three gluing parameters considered are: adhesive spread rate, closing assembly time and gluing pressure.Using European standards, several laboratory tests were performed on normalized samples. The evaluation of a successful lamella’s gluing was done by using elementary tests of delamination and shearing. A delamination test consists of two cycles of water immersion at high pressure and drying which induces severe hygroscopic variation in wood thus causing joints opening. The finger-joints are made using a standard tool usually used for cutting softwoods. The performed tests revealed the influence of wood properties and the gluing parameters on the joint resistance and the mechanical properties of the product. Results show that wood properties such as specific gravity, shrinkage coefficient, and permeation, have a high degree of influence on the gluing step especially on the gluing pressure and on the adhesive spread rate needed to produce a commercial product. Furthermore, wood with medium specific gravity needs more adhesive and more pressure than the one with high specific gravity. Additionally, the effects of other manufacturing parameters, such as planning, double or simple side glue spreading and lamellae thicknesses, on the glue joint resistance were demonstrated. Finally, the common tools used for softwoods are not adapted to making the finger joints with tropical hardwoods.In conclusion, optimal gluing parameters for manufacturing glued-laminated timber beams in French Guiana were established and an economical study using standard glued-laminated timber beams revealed the economic conditions under which a successful manufacturing of these local beams can be implemented in French Guiana.
34

Administrativní budova s výrobnou nábytku / Office building with furniture production

Neuner, Jakub January 2020 (has links)
The aim of this master thesis is to design a building consisting of joiner workshop and administration part of furniture factory. Building is located in Brno, cadastral area Horní Herpšice. In terms of funcion as well as structure is building devided in two parts, joiner workshop and administration part containing hygienic facilities for workers, canteen for employees and furniture showroom. Joiner workshop is single-deck skelet structure made of glued laminated timber. Administration part has two above-grade floors. Cross laminated timber panels are used for vertical and horizontal bearing structures. Building facade is designed as ventilated, partly made of cement fiber boards, partly of timber boarding along with green panels. The building has one-layer green roof.
35

Nosná konstrukce rozhledny / Load-bearing structure of lookout tower

Leško, Adam Unknown Date (has links)
Diploma thesis deals with the design and assessment of load-bearing structure of lookout tower in locality of Spálava peak in Železné hory. Structure is designed on fourt-pointed star ground plan with dimensions 12 x 12 meters. Lookout tower is 35 meters high, the viewing platform is at a height of 30 meters. Structure is designed as a spacial truss. Most load-bearing elements are made of solid or glued laminated timber. The central column is made of steel.
36

Mateřská školka / Kindergarten

Žáková, Kateřina January 2013 (has links)
It is a new kindergarten in semi developed area. The building is located in Southern Bohemia in the village Strakonice. Kindergarten is divided to two buildings, the garden house and kindergarten. The building has only one floor and a without basement. In object kindergarten is the main building and two individual pavilions. In the main building is office for headmistress of the school, utility room, workshop, cloakroom for employees, store dirty laundry, food warehouses and food preparation and sanitary facilities. From the connecting corridors to get to the individual departments, where you can find children's cloakroom, toilet and washroom for children, isolation room, storage beds and bedding, office for teacher, WC for teacher, store toys and games room and place to relax for children. Pavilion A is the same as pavilion B, only mirrored. The building is based on the footings of plain concrete class C20/25. It is a brick structure of building system called LIVETHERM. Building has a flat roof and roof aisle also with slope 7 ° and 10 . Aisle roof is made of wooden glued trusses. Roofing is made up of modified bitumen belt. Built-up area is 947.6 square meters
37

Brandteknisk dimensionering av limträkonstruktioner : En jämförelse mellan förenklad och analytisk dimensionering med avseende på materialåtgång / Fire design of glued laminated timber structures : A comparison between the simplified and analytical design approach considering material use

Högås, Gabriel, Kuhail, Rami January 2021 (has links)
This thesis examines the possibility of saving material by using analytical design of fire protection of glued laminated timber structures instead of the standard simplified design approach. The thesis is based on an existing store building (building class Br2 and occupancy class 2B) where Tyréns AB has determined a fire exposure specific for the store building, which is used to simulate 30 minutes of fire. The result from the simulation is then used in this thesis to evaluate the effects of said fire on a glued laminated timber structure. The analysis results in the assumption of a laterignition, since the temperature development varies from the standard fire curve used in thesimplified design approach. The thesis consists of several steps. First a glued laminated timber structure consisting of a column and beam system is designed for load bearing capacity in the ultimate and service limit state according to Eurocode. The structure is then verified for accidental actions with fire as the main action according to Eurocode using simplified design. Subsequently the same verification is carried out using the analytical design approach with the specific fire exposure. The columns are not verified since they are assumed to be exposed to direct flame impact and immediate ignition. The columns are also required to be covered with ignition retardant protection according to BBR. The result shows that no saving in material can be obtained for lower fire classes. The main reason for this is the fact that the structure design for load bearing capacity in the ultimate and service limit state is large enough to resist fire for up to 90 minutes without structural failure. For higher fire classes than R90, a potential saving in material can be achieved by using the analytical design approach. This is however deemed irrelevant, since fire classes above R30 are uncommon for these types of buildings. / I detta examensarbete undersöks möjligheten att minska materialåtgången för limträkonstruktioner genom att utföra en analytisk i stället för en förenklad brandteknisk dimensionering. Arbetet baseras på en existerande butikslokal (byggnadsklass Br2 och verksamhetsklass 2B) där Tyréns AB har tagit fram ett troligt brandförlopp i byggnaden som sedan simuleras i 30 minuter. Resultatet används i detta arbete för att utvärdera hur en limträstomme skulle påverkas vid brand i byggnaden. Analysen medför att en senare antändning för limträet kan antas, då temperaturutvecklingen ser annorlunda ut jämfört med standardbrandkurvan som används vid förenklad brandteknisk dimensionering. Arbetet består av flera steg. Först dimensioneras en limträstomme bestående av ett pelar-balksystem för butikslokalen för bärighet i brott- och bruksgränstillståndet enligt Eurokod. Sedan kontrolleras konstruktionen för ett brandlastfall med ett standardiserat brandförlopp, varpå samma kontroll utförs för balkarna enligt analytisk dimensionering med det specifika brandförloppet. Pelarna kontrolleras inte enligt det specifika brandförloppet eftersom dessa antas utsättas för direkt flampåverkan med momentan antändning. Dessutom innefattas de av ytskiktskrav enligt BBR, som kräver att de skyddas med tändskyddande beklädnad. Resultatet visar att materialåtgången inte kan minskas för lägre brandklasser. Detta beror på att dimensionerna som krävs i brott- och bruksgränstillståndet är tillräckligt stora för att konstruktionen ska klara över 90 minuters brandpåverkan utan brott. För högre brandklasser än R90 finns potential för minskning av materialåtgången genom analytisk dimensionering med ett specifikt brandförlopp. Detta anses dock inte relevant då högre brandklasser än R30 sällan förekommer i denna typ av byggnad.
38

Limmade träförband / Glued timber joints

Mann, Robin, Renfjäll, Malin January 2014 (has links)
Utvecklingen av förbandsmetoder är viktigt för att utveckla konstruktionslösningar. Under det senaste decenniet har forskning på limmade förband utförts, främst på inlimning av stålstag och plattstål i limträ. Förhoppningen är att spänningen ska fördelas jämnare i förbandet och att brott ska kunna undvikas. Hypotetiskt sett skulle det kunna göra knutpunker utan synliga förband möjliga vilket även skulle gynna arkitekternas önskemål. Genom en sammanställning av tidigare forskning dras en jämförelse mellan testresultaten och en antagen knutpunkt som belastas av egentyngder och variabla laster. På så sätt kan limmets kapacitet konkretiseras. Även problematik som uppstår och förutsättningar som måste utvecklas redovisas. / The development of joints for wood structures has been under progress during the last decade, and research has mainly been done on glued in steel rods and inner steel plate joints. The aim of this report is to find a way to get a better shear resistance to prevent timber structures from breaking during high risk circumstances, such as loads caused by exceptional weather. Structures without visible joints would also benefit the architects' wishes, which would be a reason to develop the technique of joints for wood structures. By a compiling of previous research, a comparison between test results and a joint of a hypothetical building is made. The loads that affect the calculations of the joint are snow-, wind-, variable and structural loads. This concretises the capacity of the adhesive joint. Also problems that appear and preconditions that have to be developed are recited.
39

Tenue au feu des goujons collés dans le bois et dans le béton / Fire resistance of chemical anchors in wood and concrete

Lahouar, Mohamed Amine 12 December 2017 (has links)
Le scellement chimique est une technique d’assemblage structural permettant de connecter et d’assurer le transfert d’efforts entre deux éléments adjacents en béton, à travers le collage d’une armature en acier à l’aide d’une résine polymère. Les scellements chimiques ont été initialement utilisés dans les ouvrages en béton armé pour la rénovation, l’extension et la réparation des structures à travers l’ajout de nouvelles sections de béton aux éléments existants. L’évolution, au fil du temps, des propriétés mécaniques et des propriétés d’adhérence des résines polymères a permis d’améliorer le comportement mécanique des scellements chimiques, leur permettant d’atteindre des propriétés équivalentes ou même supérieures à celles des ancrages mécaniques classiques, à des températures normales de service. Ainsi, les scellements chimiques ont pu progressivement substituer les ancrages mécaniques classiques dans certaines applications, en proposant des solutions plus avantageuses et en offrant plus de flexibilité pour répondre aux exigences architecturales. Cependant, le comportement mécanique des scellements chimiques est principalement gouverné par celui des résines polymères, qui demeurent très sensibles à la variation de la température. Par conséquent, l’augmentation de la température au niveau des scellements chimiques présente un risque potentiel affectant leur sécurité d’utilisation. Par ailleurs, une situation d’incendie présente un danger sérieux qui doit être considéré lors du dimensionnement des scellements chimiques. Récemment, la technique des scellements chimiques, exclusivement utilisée dans les ouvrages en béton armé, a été transférée à la construction des ouvrages bois, sous l’appellation de « goujons collés ». Cette technique, originellement utilisée dans la rénovation et le renforcement des monuments historiques, est aujourd’hui employée dans la construction neuve grâce à la bonne tenue mécanique et séismique et aussi à la possibilité qu’elle offre pour réaliser des assemblages invisibles. Cependant, les goujons collés sont aujourd’hui confrontés aux mêmes problématiques que les scellements chimiques, notamment vis-à-vis l’augmentation de la température. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier l’évolution du comportement mécanique de ces deux systèmes d’assemblages dans le but de proposer une méthode de dimensionnement permettant d’assurer leur tenue structurale en situation d’incendie. L’étude est répartie sur quatre niveaux :i. Etude du comportement des ancrages chimiques à l’échelle des matériaux à travers des essais de caractérisation des constituants de l’ancrage, avec une focalisation particulière sur l’étude des phénomènes se produisant à haute température dans la résine polymère.ii. Etude du comportement global de l’ancrage par le biais d’essais d’arrachement à haute température, à effort constant et à température stabilisée, réalisés sur des scellements chimiques dans des cylindres en béton et des goujons collés dans des parallélépipèdes en lamellé-collé d’épicéa.iii. Etude du comportement mécanique à haute température des ancrages chimiques à l’échelle de la structure à travers la réalisation d’un essai au feu à l’échelle 1 sur une dalle en console ancrée chimiquement dans un mur en béton par 8 scellements chimiques. Les résultats de cet essai ont permis de valider la méthode de dimensionnement proposée pour prédire la durée de résistance au feu des scellements chimiques lors d’une situation d’incendie.iv. Etude théorique portant sur l’évolution de la distribution des contraintes le long de l’ancrage lors d’une variation de la température, à travers le développement d’un modèle non linéaire de cisaillement différé « Shear-lag », permettant d’obtenir les profils théoriques des contraintes pour une distribution thermique quelconque, à partir des données d’entrée expérimentales obtenues par des essais d’arrachement / Post-installation of rebars is a structural joining technique allowing the connection and the load transfer between two neighboring structural elements using steel rebars and adhesive polymers. Post-installed rebars were initially used in concrete constructions in retrofitting, extension and in repairing structures by adding new concrete sections to existing elements. Over the time, the improvement in mechanical and adhesion properties of polymer adhesives have allowed to enhance the mechanical behavior of post-installed rebars and led to achieve equivalent or even higher mechanical responses than cast-in place rebars at normal operating temperatures. Thus, post-installed rebars have gradually replaced cast-in place rebars in new constructions for some applications by offering advantageous solutions and flexibility allowing meeting the high architectural requirements. However, the mechanical behavior of post-installed rebars is essentially governed by the mechanical properties of polymer resins, which remain highly sensitive to temperature variation. Consequently, the temperature increase of the post-installed rebars presents a potential risk affecting their safety use. Therefore, fire presents a serious hazard that should be considered when designing post-installed rebars. Recently, the technique of post-installed rebars, exclusively used in reinforced concrete structures, has been transferred to wood structures construction, and called "glued-in rods". This technique, initially used in the retrofitting and the reinforcement of historical monuments, is today used in new construction thanks to its good mechanical and seismic behavior in addition to the possibility it offers to make invisible connections. However, glued-in rods face the same problems as post-installed rebars, especially concerning the temperature increase. The aim of this thesis is to study the evolution of the mechanical behavior of these two connection techniques in order to suggest a design method allowing ensuring their safe use in a fire situation. The study is divided into four levels:i- Study of the behavior of chemical anchors at the scale of materials through characterization tests performed on the anchor components, with a particular emphasis on the study of phenomena occurring at high temperature in the polymer resin.ii- Study of the global behavior of chemical anchors by means of pull-out tests performed at high temperature, at constant load and at stabilized temperature, carried out on post-installed rebars in concrete cylinders and on glued-in rods in parallelepipeds of spruce glulam.iii- Study of the mechanical behavior at high temperature of chemical anchors at the scale of the structure through a full-scale fire test carried out on a cantilever concrete slab connected to a concrete wall using eight post-installed rebars. Test results were also used to validate the suggested design method to predict the fire resistance duration of post-installed rebars in a fire situation.iv- Theoretical study on the evolution of the stress distribution along the anchor during a temperature variation, through the development of a non-linear shear-lag model, allowing to obtain the theoretical stress profiles for any thermal distribution, from the experimental input data obtained by pull-out tests
40

Proposta de um método de ensaio para o controle de qualidade na produção de elementos estruturais de MLC e LVL / Proposal of a test method for quality control in the MLC and LVL structural elements production

Nogueira, Rodrigo de Souza 11 April 2017 (has links)
Atualmente, as indústrias brasileiras recorrem a normas de outros países para o controle de qualidade para a caracterização de elementos estruturais feitos de Madeira Laminada Colada (MLC) e de LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) devido à ausência de especificações nacionais. Este trabalho teve como finalidade a verificação da adequação de alguns métodos de ensaios propostos nos projetos de norma ABNT NBR PN 02:126.10-001-3 e ABNT NBR PN 02:126.10-001-5 para determinar as propriedades dos elementos estruturais de madeira colada para o controle de qualidade da indústria produtora. Para tanto, foram obtidos das indústrias vários grupos de vigas de MLC e grupos de emendas dentadas produzidos com diversas combinações de madeiras e adesivos. Também, foram obtidos grupos de vigas de LVL na posição horizontal e grupos de vigas de LVL na posição de vertical. Foram realizados testes de flexão estática para determinação do módulo de ruptura e de elasticidade de todas as vigas. Além disso, das vigas foram retirados corpos de prova para realização dos ensaios de cisalhamento na linha de cola, delaminação e compressão paralela às fibras, enquanto as emendas dentadas foram analisadas pelo ensaio de tração paralela às fibras. Os procedimentos empregados podem ser considerados adequados para aplicação pelas indústrias no controle de qualidade da produção de elementos estruturais de MLC e de LVL. O ensaio de delaminação para adesivos expostos a ambientes externos, proposto no projeto de norma, pode ser analisado como prático e eficaz. Em relação aos testes de cisalhamento, o número de análises por amostra pode ser reduzido, desde que, priorize o ensaio na região central da seção transversal devido à maior concentração de tensões de cisalhamento. Como era esperado, as emendas dentadas formaram pontos de fragilidade, reduzindo a resistência de algumas vigas e tendo sua ruptura evidenciada por esforço de tração. No LVL, a posição vertical apresentou melhor resistência à flexão e ao cisalhamento do que a horizontal. O projeto de norma é apresentado em anexo nesse trabalho. / Nowadays, the Brazilian industries follow the foreign countries standard regulation to the quality control of characterization of structural elements produced from Glued Laminated Timber (glulam) and Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) due to the absence of national specifications. This work has the purpose of verifying the suggested methods of regulation projects, such as ABNT NBR PN 02:126.10-001-3 and ABNT NBR PN 02:126.10-001-5, to determine the properties of glued timber structural elements to quality control of producer industry. Therefore, glulam beams and fingerjoints groups, produced from several combinations of woods and adhesives, were obtained from industries. In addition, it was used flatwise LVL beams groups and edgewise LVL beams groups. It was made the static bending tests to determine strength and stiffness for each beam. Furthermore, from the beams it was extracted samples in order to test shear in the glue line, delamination and parallel grain compression whereas the fingerjoints were analysed by the parallel grain tensile test. The procedures taken on the experimental program can be considered suitable for industrial usage at quality control of production of structural elements from glulam and LVL. The delamination test for adhesive exposed to external environment, proposal in the new standard, can be analysed as practical and effective. In relation to the shear test, the number of analysis by sample can be reduced, whether prioritized the test in the central region of transversal section due to higher shear stress concentration. As expected, the fingerjoints formed fragile points, reducing strength for some beams and by presenting rupture when tensile stressed. In the LVL, the edgewise groups presented better bending and shear resistance than flatwise groups. The new test method is presented in annex in this dissertation.

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