No description available.

Pyrosequencing is a new DNA sequencing method relying on thesequencing-by-synthesis principle and bioluminometric detectionof nucleotide incorporation events. The objective of thisthesis was improvement of the Pyrosequencing method byincreasing the thermal stability of firefly luciferase, and byintroducing an alternative DNA polymerase and a new nucleotideanalog. Furthermore, the development of a new bioluminescentassay is described for the detection of inorganicpyrophosphatase activity. The wild-type North American firefly(Photinus pyralis)luciferase is a heat-sensitiveenzyme, the catalytic activity of which is rapidly lost attemperatures over 30°C. Two strategies for increasing thethermostability of the enzyme are presented and discussed. Inthe first strategy, the solution thermodynamics of the systemis affected by osmolytes in such a way that heat-mediatedinactivation of the enzyme is prevented. In the secondstrategy, the enzyme is thermostabilized by mutagenesis. Bothstabilizing strategies can be utilized to allow bioluminometricassays to be performed at higher temperatures. For instance,both DNA polymerase and ATP sulfurylase activity could beanalyzed at 37°C. The osmolyte strategy was successfully employed forincreasing the reaction temperature for the Pyrosequencingmethod. By increasing the reaction temperature to 37°Cunspecific signals from primer-dimers and 3’-end loopswere reduced. Furthermore, sequencing of a challenging templateat 37°C, which previously yielded poor, non-interpretablesequence signals at lower temperatures was now possible. Introduction of a new adenosine nucleotide analog,7-deaza-2’-deoxyadenosine-5’-triphosphate (c7dATP) reduced the inhibitory effect on apyraseobserved with the currently used analog,2’-deoxyadenosine-5’-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)(dATPαS). Sequencing of homopolymeric T-regions has previously beendifficult with the exonuclease-deficient form of the DNApolymerase I large (Klenow) fragment. By using the DNApolymerase from bacteriophage T7, known as Sequenase, templateswith homopolymeric T-regions were successfully sequenced.Furthermore, it was found that the strand displacement activityfor both polymerases was strongly assisted if the displacedstrand had a 5’-overhang. In contrast, the stranddisplacement activity for both polymerases was inhibitedwithout an overhang, resulting in reduced sequencingperformance in double stranded regions. A firefly bioluminescent assay for the real-time detectionof inorganic pyrophosphatase in the hydrolytic direction wasalso developed. The assay is versatile and has a linearresponse in the range between 8 and 500 mU. Key words:bioluminescence, osmolytes, glycine betaine,thermostability, firefly luciferase, inorganic pyrophosphatase,inorganic pyrophosphate, Pyrosequencing technology, secondaryDNA-structures, Sequenase, Klenow-polymerase, reaction rates,temperature, c7dATP, dATPαS. / <p>QCR 20161027</p>

Ces travaux abordent, d'une part l'étude de la coordination du cuivre(II) et nickel(II) avec un ligand heptadenté tripode, et d'autre part la synthèse et la caractérisation de liquides ioniques dérivés de la bétaïne.Tout d'abord, le ligand heptadenté, le tris[(L)-alanyl-2-carboxamidoéthyl]amine (H3trenala), a été synthétisé sous forme de sel de chlorure ; ses constantes de protonation ainsi que les constantes de stabilité des complexes de Cu(II) et de Ni(II) ont été déterminées par potentiométrie. Des espèces complexes mononucléaires dans lesquels le ligand est protonné ([Cu(H5trenala)]4+, [M(H4trenala)]3+), neutre ([M(H3trenala)]2+) ou déprotonné ([M(H2trenala)]+, [M(Htrenala)]) (M = Cu2+ ou Ni2+) ont été mises en évidence. Seul le Cu(II) donne des espèces dinucléaires dans lesquels le ligand est uniquement déprotonné ([Cu2(H2trenala)]2+, [Cu2(Htrenala)]2+, [Cu2(trenala)]+, [Cu2(trenala)(OH)]). A l'état solide, deux complexes dinucléaires de cuivre(II) ont pu être isolés et caractérisés (IR, UV-Vis, masse électrospray, ATG). L'étude des propriétés catalytiques de ces deux complexes montre une faible activité vis-à-vis de la réaction d'oxydation du catéchol.La seconde partie de ce travail présente la synthèse de liquides ioniques constitués par des synthons cationiques dérivés d'ester de glycine-bétaïne {trialkyl(2-éthoxy-2-oxoéthyl)ammonium (alkyl = éthyl, n-propyl et n-butyl), N-(1-méthylpyrrolidyl-2-éthoxy-2oxoéthyl)ammonium} et des anions inorganiques {bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide (NTf2-), dicyanamide (Dca-), tétrafluoroborate (BF4-)}. Les influences de la longueur de la chaîne alkyle portée par l'atome d'azote ammonium et de la nature de l'anion associé sur les propriétés physicochimiques telles que la densité, les températures de fusion, de transition vitreuse et de décomposition, la viscosité et les fenêtres électrochimiques, ont été déterminées. De plus, des sels fondus ont pu être générés à partir de ces cations organiques associés aux anions tetrafluoroborate, dicyanamide, hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) et perchlorate (ClO4-), et leurs propriétés physicochimiques ainsi que leurs structures cristallines ont été déterminées.Ensuite, les liquides ioniques hydrophobes sont utilisés pour l'extraction des cations métalliques [Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) et Pb(II)] en phase aqueuse. Cette étude montre que les rendements d'extraction d'ions métalliques, déterminés par mesure de la concentration résiduelle en métal en phase aqueuse, dépendent de la longueur de la chaîne alkyle portée par l'atome d'azote ammonium et des propriétés chélatantes de l'anion. Les rendements les plus élevés ont été obtenus avec les liquides ioniques dont l'anion possède des propriétés chélatantes. L'étude du transfert du métal montre qu'il est dépendant de l'hydrophobicité du synthon cationique. Une augmentation de l'hydrophobicité du synthon cationique conduit à une augmentation du rendement d'extraction, tout en limitant l'échange ionique et en privilégiant une extraction par paires d'ions. Enfin, l'électrodéposition en phase liquide ionique et la désextraction liquide-liquide des ions métalliques ont été étudiées. / This work deals with copper(II) and nickel(II) complexation of a polydentate tripodal ligand and with, on a second part, the synthesis and characterization of ionic liquids derived from betaine and their use in liquid-liquid extraction.On the first part, a heptadentate ligand, tris[(L)-alanyl-2-carboxamidoethyl]amine (H3trenala), has been synthesized as its tetrahydrochloride salt; its protonation constants and the stability constants of the copper(II) and nickel(II) chelates have been determined by potentiometry. Mononuclear species with protonated, neutral, or deprotonated forms of the ligand, [Cu(H5trenala)]4+, [M(H4trenala)]3+, [M(H3trenala)]2+, [M(H2trenala)]+, and [M(Htrenala)] (M=Cu2+ and Ni2+) have been detected in all cases, while only Cu2+ gives dinuclear [Cu2(H2trenala)]2+, [Cu2(Htrenala)]2+, [Cu2(trenala)]+, and [Cu2(trenala)(OH)] species. Two dinuclear copper(II) complexes have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV-Vis, mass electro-spray) and thermogravimetric analysis. These two dinuclear copper(II) complexes have revealed weak catalytic activity in catechol oxidation.On the second part, a series of salts based on ethyl ester betaine derivatives[trialkyl(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)ammonium or N-(1-methylpyrrolidyl-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)ammonium cations] with alkyl chains [ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl] have been synthesized. These cations generate hydrophobic ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetrafluoroborate or dicyanamide anions. The influence of the alkyl chain length and the chemical nature of the counteranion on physicochemical properties such as density, melting point, glass transition and decomposition temperatures, viscosity, and electrochemical window have been investigated. In addition, molten salts have been generated from these organic cations with hexafluorophosphate, perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate or dicyanamide anions. Their physicochemical properties and crystal structure have been investigated.The extraction of the different metal cations (Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+) in aqueous solution by hydrophobic ionic liquids synthesized was performed. The extraction yields, determined by the measurements of the residual metal concentration in aqueous solution, depend not only the length of the alkyl chain of the ammonium but also on the nature of the associated anion. The most promising results are obtained with ILs whose anion has a chelating ability. The mechanism of metal transfer has been studied and was related to the hydrophobicity of the cationic synthon. Increasing the hydrophobicity of the cationic synthon leads to an increase of extraction yield, thus limiting the ion exchange and promoting ion pairing extraction. Electrodeposition in ionic liquid phase and liquid-liquid desextraction of metallic ions have also been investigated.

<p>Pyrosequencing is a new DNA sequencing method relying on thesequencing-by-synthesis principle and bioluminometric detectionof nucleotide incorporation events. The objective of thisthesis was improvement of the Pyrosequencing method byincreasing the thermal stability of firefly luciferase, and byintroducing an alternative DNA polymerase and a new nucleotideanalog. Furthermore, the development of a new bioluminescentassay is described for the detection of inorganicpyrophosphatase activity.</p><p>The wild-type North American firefly<i>(Photinus pyralis)</i>luciferase is a heat-sensitiveenzyme, the catalytic activity of which is rapidly lost attemperatures over 30°C. Two strategies for increasing thethermostability of the enzyme are presented and discussed. Inthe first strategy, the solution thermodynamics of the systemis affected by osmolytes in such a way that heat-mediatedinactivation of the enzyme is prevented. In the secondstrategy, the enzyme is thermostabilized by mutagenesis. Bothstabilizing strategies can be utilized to allow bioluminometricassays to be performed at higher temperatures. For instance,both DNA polymerase and ATP sulfurylase activity could beanalyzed at 37°C.</p><p>The osmolyte strategy was successfully employed forincreasing the reaction temperature for the Pyrosequencingmethod. By increasing the reaction temperature to 37°Cunspecific signals from primer-dimers and 3’-end loopswere reduced. Furthermore, sequencing of a challenging templateat 37°C, which previously yielded poor, non-interpretablesequence signals at lower temperatures was now possible.</p><p>Introduction of a new adenosine nucleotide analog,7-deaza-2’-deoxyadenosine-5’-triphosphate (c⁷dATP) reduced the inhibitory effect on apyraseobserved with the currently used analog,2’-deoxyadenosine-5’-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)(dATPαS).</p><p>Sequencing of homopolymeric T-regions has previously beendifficult with the exonuclease-deficient form of the DNApolymerase I large (Klenow) fragment. By using the DNApolymerase from bacteriophage T7, known as Sequenase, templateswith homopolymeric T-regions were successfully sequenced.Furthermore, it was found that the strand displacement activityfor both polymerases was strongly assisted if the displacedstrand had a 5’-overhang. In contrast, the stranddisplacement activity for both polymerases was inhibitedwithout an overhang, resulting in reduced sequencingperformance in double stranded regions.</p><p>A firefly bioluminescent assay for the real-time detectionof inorganic pyrophosphatase in the hydrolytic direction wasalso developed. The assay is versatile and has a linearresponse in the range between 8 and 500 mU.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>bioluminescence, osmolytes, glycine betaine,thermostability, firefly luciferase, inorganic pyrophosphatase,inorganic pyrophosphate, Pyrosequencing technology, secondaryDNA-structures, Sequenase, Klenow-polymerase, reaction rates,temperature, c⁷dATP, dATPαS.</p>

<p>Cilj ove doktorske disertacije predstavljalo je ispitivanje uticaja vodnog stresa izazvanog&nbsp; sa polietilen glikolom (PEG)&nbsp; 6000 na biohemijske osobine klonova topole. Reznice tri klona topole (M-1, B-229 i PE19/66) su hidroponski gajene i izložene 100 mOsm i 200 mOsm PEG 6000&nbsp; tokom &scaron;est dana. Nakon tretmana u kontrolnim i stresiranim<br />biljkama su&nbsp; ispitane promene aktivnosti antioksidantnih enzima,&nbsp; aktivnost dva<br />enzimska markera polifenolnog metabolizma, fenolni profil, antioksidantna aktivnost, kao i sadržaj prolina i glicin betaina&nbsp; (GB). Takođe, ispitan je biohemijski odgovor kulture tkiva klona M-1 na vodni stres izazvan sa PEG 6000.</p><p>U oba eksperimenta uočeno je da je akumulacija prolina i GB u uslovima vodnog stresa izazvanog sa PEG 6000&nbsp;najvažnija strategija u otpornosti na stres i prevazilaženju vodnog deficita, tako da se&nbsp;ovi parametri mogu definisati kao najbolji indikatori otpornosti topole na su&scaron;u.</p><p>Rezultati ovog istraživanjaupotpunjavaju saznanja o povezanosti oksidativnog stresa uzrokovanog vodnim stresom sa antioksidantnim odgovorom, nivoom o&scaron;tećenja lipida i proteina, uključivanjem osmolita kao i promenama u polifenolnom profilu. Takođe, dobijeni rezultati su značajni za odabir klonova topola tolerantnih na vodni stres&nbsp; i&nbsp; za<br />po&scaron;umljavanje su&scaron;nih stani&scaron;ta, kojih će biti sve vi&scaron;e usled negativnog uticaja klimatskih promena.</p> / <p>The aim of presented doctoral thesis was investigation of the impact of water deficit caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 on biochemical features of poplar clones.&nbsp; During six days, cuttings of three poplar clones (M-1, B-229 and PE 19/66) were grown in hydroponics and subjected to 100 and 200 mOsm PEG 6000. Changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol characterization, two enzymatic markers of polyphenol metabolism, antioxidant capacity, as well as proline and glycine betaine content were investigated in stressed plants. Furthermore,&nbsp; assessment of&nbsp; biochemical response of poplar clone M-1 tissue culture to water stress induced by PEG 6000 was performed.</p><p>In both experiments, the most important strategy for stress resistance and overcoming water deficiency was accumulation of proline and glycine betaine so these parameters can be defined as the best indicators of poplar resistance to drought.</p><p>The results of this study complete&nbsp; the findings on the oxidative stress caused by water stress&nbsp; and their relationship with the antioxidant response, the level of lipid andprotein damage, accumulation of the osmolites and changes in the polyphenol profile. Also, the obtained results may be important for the selection of poplar clones resistant to water stress and for afforestation in arid sites, which appeared to be more numerous due to the effects of&nbsp; global climate change.</p>

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The role of phenolic acids in mitigating salt stress tolerance have been well documented. However, there are contradicting reports on the effect of exogenously applied phenolic acids on the growth and development of various plants species. A general trend was observed where phenolic acids were shown to inhibit plant growth and development, with the exception of a few documented cases. One of these such cases is presented in this thesis. This study investigates the role of exogenously applied p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on physio-biochemical and molecular responses of chia seedlings under salt stress. This study is divided into three parts. Part one (Chapter 3) focuses on the impact of exogenous p-coumaric acid on the growth and development of chia seedlings. In this section, chia seedlings were supplemented with exogenous p-CA and the various biochemical and plant growth parameters were measured. The results showed that exogenous p-CA enhanced the growth of chia seedlings. An increase in chlorophyll, proline and superoxide oxide contents were also observed in the p-CA treatment relative to the control. We suggested that the increase in chia seedling growth could possibly be via the activation of reactive oxygen species-signalling pathway involving O2− under the control of proline accumulation (Chapter 3). Given the allopathy, nature of p-coumaric acid it is noteworthy that the response observed in this study may be species dependent, as contrasting responses have been reported in other plant species. Part two (Chapter 4) of this study investigates the influence of piperonylic acid (an inhibitor of endogenous p-coumaric acid) on the growth and development of chia seedlings. In trying to illustrate whether p-CA does play a regulatory role in enhancing pseudocereal plant growth, we treated chia seedlings with the irreversible inhibitor of C4H enzyme, to inhibit the biosynthesis of endogenous p-CA. In this section, chia seedlings were treated with piperonylic acid and changes in plant growth, ROS-induced oxidative damage, p-CA content and antioxidant capacity was monitored. Inhibition of endogenous p-CA restricted chia seedling growth by enhancing ROS-induced oxidative damage as seen for increased levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and the extent of lipid peroxidation. Although an increase in antioxidant activity was observed in response to piperonylic acid, this increase was not sufficient to scavenge the ROS molecules to prevent oxidative damage and ultimate cellular death manifested as reduced plant growth. The results presented in this section support our hypothesis that p-CA play an important regulatory role in enhancing chia seedling growth and development as shown in Chapter 3. Part three (Chapter 5) seeks to identify and functionally characterise p-coumaric acid induced putative protein biomarkers under salt stress conditions in chia seedlings. Previous studies have shown that p-CA reversing the negative effect caused by NaCl-induced salt stress. While these studies were able to demonstrate the involvement of p-CA in promoting plant growth under salt stress conditions, they focussed primarily on the physiological aspect, which lacks in-depth biochemical and molecular analysis (ionomic and proteomic data) which could help in detecting the genes/proteins involved in salt stress tolerance mechanisms. A comparative ionomics and proteomic study was conducted, with the aim of elucidating the pivotal roles of essential macro elements and/or key protein markers involved in p-CA induced salt stress tolerance in chia seedlings. With the exception of Na, all the other macro elements were decreased in the salt treatment. Contrary to what was observed for the salt treatment most of the macro elements were increased in the p-CA treatment. However, the addition of exogenous p-CA to salt stressed seedlings showed an increase in essential macro elements such as Mg and Ca which have been shown to play a key role in plant growth and development. In the proteomic analysis we identified 907 proteins associated with shoots across all treatments. Interestingly, only eight proteins were conserved amongst all treatments. A total of 79 proteins were unique to the p-CA, 26 to the combination treatment (NaCl + p-CA) and only two proteins were unique to the salt stress treatment. The unique proteins identified in each of the treatments were functionally characterised to various subcellular compartments and biological processes. Most of the positively identified proteins were localised to the chloroplast and plays key roles in photosynthesis, transportation, stress responses and signal transduction pathways. Moreover, the protein biomarkers identified in this study (especially in the p-CA treatment) are putative candidates for genetic improvement of salt stress tolerance in plants.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] La agricultura moderna enfrenta un doble desafío, garantizar la seguridad alimentaria mundial y ejecutarla de manera sostenible. Se prevé que la población mundial seguirá creciendo durante las próximas tres décadas, hasta alcanzar aproximadamente 10×109 personas en 2050. Sin embargo, el estrés por salinidad plantea un peligro importante no solo en la degradación del suelo sino además para el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento de diversos cultivos, poniendo en riesgo la alimentación mundial; siendo considerado como uno de los agentes más dañinos para el ciclo de vida de la planta. Actualmente, entre el 20% y el 30% de la tierra cultivable en todo el mundo está afectada por la salinidad, y se estima que para 2050 el área afectada superará el 50%. Situación que ha empeorado a lo largo de los años debido al impacto del cambio climático acelerado. Generalmente, la mayoría de los cultivos hortícolas son altamente susceptibles a la salinidad, con un umbral no mayor a 2 dS m-1. Estos cultivos están conformados por una amplia gama de especies de gran importancia para la alimentación humana. El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) y la lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.), son cultivos hortícolas de alto valor para la economía y el consumo de la humanidad. La producción de tomate en el mundo asciende a más de 182 millones de toneladas y de lechuga a más de 29 millones. Sin embargo, el estrés salino provoca una reducción significativa en el desarrollo de estos cultivos y una pérdida de rendimiento a través del estrés iónico, osmótico y oxidativo. En los últimos años, los productos bioestimulantes han sido reconocidos como herramientas agronómicas innovadoras para generar sistemas sostenibles, mejorando la productividad agrícola, el rendimiento, la salud de las plantas y la tolerancia a factores de estrés como la salinidad. Prueba de ello es el aumento de las publicaciones científicas y la constante expansión de su mercado. De hecho, los bioestimulantes afectan positivamente el metabolismo de las plantas en condiciones ambientales óptimas y subóptimas. Sin embargo, los procesos que desencadenan los bioestimulantes suelen ser difíciles de identificar y todavía están en estudio. Por tanto, es crucial evaluar los mecanismos de acción de los bioestimulantes en diferentes condiciones experimentales, como se ha realizado en el presente estudio. El estudio presenta dos objetivos, un principal: Determinar la influencia de la aplicación de dos formulaciones del bioestimulante BALOX® sobre los mecanismos de tolerancia al estrés osmótico, iónico y oxidativo causado por el exceso de sales solubles en cultivos hortícolas; y un objetivo secundario: Evaluar los efectos de la aplicación del producto bioestimulante BALOX® sobre la mejora de la calidad de distintos suelos tanto en condiciones no salinas como salinas. Para alcanzar el primer objetivo, se evaluó el impacto de dos formulaciones y diferentes dosis del bioestimulante y se analizaron diversos parámetros biométricos de las plantas de tomate y lechuga, y múltiples marcadores bioquímicos de estrés, como pigmentos fotosintéticos, concentraciones de iones en raíces y hojas, contenidos foliares de diferentes osmolitos, marcadores de estrés oxidativo, y compuestos antioxidantes, así como la actividad específica de diversas enzimas antioxidantes, en plantas sometidas a la combinación de diversos niveles de salinidad del agua de riego y del suelo en distintas clases texturales. Respecto al segundo objetivo, se estudió el efecto del bioestimulante en la mejora de la calidad del suelo, que es el medio que sustenta el sistema radicular. Para ello, se analizaron varias propiedades físicas (estabilidad de los agregados, densidad aparente y porcentaje de porosidad) y químicas (conductividad eléctrica, capacidad de intercambio catiónico y materia orgánica) del suelo. Además, se determinaron diferentes parámetros del sistema radicular y foliar de plantas de S. lycopersicum... / [CA] L'agricultura moderna enfronta un doble desafiament, garantir la seguretat alimentària mundial i executar-la de manera sostenible. Es preveu que la població mundial continuarà creixent durant les pròximes tres dècades, fins a aconseguir aproximadament 10×109 persones en 2050. No obstant això, l'estrés per salinitat planteja un perill important no sols en la degradació del sòl sinó a més per al creixement, desenvolupament i rendiment de diversos cultius, posant en risc l'alimentació mundial; sent considerat com un dels agents més nocius per al cicle de vida de la planta. Actualment, entre el 20% i el 30% de la terra cultivable a tot el món està afectada per la salinitat, i s'estima que per a 2050 l'àrea afectada superarà el 50%. Situació que ha empitjorat al llarg dels anys a causa de l'impacte del canvi climàtic accelerat. Generalment, la majoria dels cultius hortícoles són altament susceptibles a la salinitat, amb un límit no major a 2 dS m-1. Estos cultius estan conformats per una àmplia gamma d'espècies de gran importància per a l'alimentació humana. La tomaca (Solanum lycopersicum L.) i l'encisam (Lactuca sativa L.), són cultius hortícoles de gran importància per a l'economia i el consum de la humanitat. La producció de tomaca en el món ascendix a més de 182 milions de tones i l'encisam a més de 29 milions. No obstant això, l'estrés salí provoca una reducció significativa en el desenvolupament d'estos cultius i una pèrdua de rendiment a través de l'estrés iònic, osmòtic i oxidatiu. En els últims anys, els productes biostimulants han sigut reconeguts com a ferramentes agronòmiques innovadores per a generar sistemes sostenibles, millorant la productivitat agrícola, el rendiment, la salut de les plantes i la tolerància a factors d'estrés com la salinitat. Prova d'això és l'augment de les publicacions científiques i la constant expansió del seu mercat. De fet, els biostimulants afecten positivament el metabolisme de les plantes en condicions ambientals òptimes i subòptimes. No obstant això, els processos que desencadenen els biostimulants solen ser difícils d'identificar i encara estan en estudi. Per tant, és crucial avaluar els mecanismes d'acció dels biostimulants en diferents condicions experimentals, com s'ha realitzat en el present estudi. L'estudi presenta dos objectius, un principal: Determinar la influència de l'aplicació de dos formulacions del biostimulant BALOX® sobre mecanismes de tolerància a l'estrés osmòtic, iònic i oxidatiu causat per l'excés de sals solubles en cultius hortícoles; i un objectiu secundari: Avaluar els efectes de l'aplicació del producte biostimulant BALOX® sobre la millora de la qualitat de diferents sòls tant en condicions no salines com salines. Per a aconseguir el primer objectiu, es va avaluar l'impacte de dos formulacions i diferents dosis del biostimulant i es va analitzar diversos paràmetres biomètrics de les plantes de tomaca i encisam, i múltiples marcadors bioquímics d'estrés, com a pigments fotosintètics, concentracions d'ions en arrels i fulles, continguts foliars de diferents osmolits, marcadors d'estrés oxidatiu, l'activitat específica de diversos antioxidants enzimàtics i compostos antioxidants, en plantes sotmeses a la combinació de diversos nivells de salinitat de l'aigua de reg i del sòl en diferents classes texturals. Respecte al segon objectiu, es va estudiar l'efecte del biostimulant en la millora de la qualitat del sòl, que és el medi que sustenta el sistema radicular. Per a això, es van analitzar diverses propietats físiques (estabilitat dels agregats, densitat aparent i percentatge de porositat) i químiques (conductivitat elèctrica, capacitat d'intercanvi catiònic i matèria orgànica) del sòl. A més, es van determinar diferents paràmetres del sistema radicular i foliar de plantes de S. lycopersicum. L'aplicació del biostimulant BALOX ® va tindre un efecte global positiu en el creixement de les plantes de tomaca i encisam tractades... / [EN] Modern agriculture faces a double challenge: guaranteeing global food security and executing it in a sustainable manner. The world population is expected to continue growing over the next three decades, reaching approximately 10x109 people in 2050. However, salinity stress poses a significant danger not only to soil degradation but also to the growth, development and yield of various crops, putting global food at risk and being considered one of the most harmful agents for the life cycle of the plant. Currently, between 20% and 30% of arable land worldwide is affected by salinity, and it is estimated that by 2050 the affected area will exceed 50%. A situation that has worsened over the years due to the impact of accelerated climate change. Generally, most horticultural crops are highly susceptible to salinity, with a threshold no greater than 2 dS m-1. These crops comprise a wide range of species of great importance for human nutrition. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) are horticultural crops of great importance for the economy and consumption of humanity. Tomato production in the world amounts to more than 182 million tons, and lettuce production to more than 29 million. However, salt stress causes a significant reduction in the development of these crops and a loss of yield through ionic, osmotic and oxidative stress. In recent years, biostimulant products have been recognized as innovative agronomic tools to generate sustainable systems, improving agricultural productivity, yield, plant health and tolerance to stress factors such as salinity. Proof of this is the increase in scientific publications and the constant expansion of their market. In fact, biostimulants positively affect plant metabolism under optimal and suboptimal environmental conditions. However, the processes triggered by biostimulants are often difficult to identify and are still being studied. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the mechanisms of action of biostimulants under different experimental conditions, as has been done in the present study. The study has two objectives: the main one is to determine the influence of the application of two formulations of the biostimulant BALOX® on the tolerance mechanisms to osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress caused by excess soluble salts in horticultural crops; and a secondary objective is to evaluate the effects of the application of the biostimulant product BALOX® on the improvement of the quality of different soils in both non-saline and saline conditions. To achieve the first objective, the impact of two formulations and different doses of the biostimulant was evaluated by analyzing various biometric parameters of tomato and lettuce plants, and multiple biochemical stress markers, such as photosynthetic pigments, ion concentrations in roots and leaves, foliar contents of different osmolytes, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidant compounds, as well as the specific activity of several antioxidant enzymes, in plants subjected to the combination of various salinity levels of irrigation water and soil in different textural classes. Regarding the second objective, the effect of the biostimulant on improving the quality of the soil, which is the medium that supports the root system, was studied. To this end, several physical (aggregate stability, apparent density and percentage of porosity) and chemical (electrical conductivity, cationic exchange capacity and organic matter) properties of the soil were analyzed. In addition, different parameters of the root and leaf system of S. lycopersicum plants were determined. The application of the biostimulant BALOX® had an overall positive effect on the growth of the treated tomato and lettuce plants... / Zuzunaga Rosas, JG. (2024). Evaluación del producto bioestimulante BALOX® como inductor de tolerancia en cultivos hortícolas frente al estrés causado por el exceso de sales solubles en suelos y aguas [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/213213 / Compendio