The thesis discusses the navigation systems mainly in forestry. The first part describes the GPS and GLONASS, which is used in the work. By using the navigation device Garmin GPSMAP 64 has been measured 30 points in a leafy vegetation, evergreen vegetation and open space. The methodology is described in detail as the measurement procedure and subsequent results at individual stations. Furthermore, the work deals with the difference between the GPS and GLONASS and accuracy while measuring. The aim is to determine the degree of accuracy and the use of instruments in forestry.

The aim of my thesis was describe a clear form to present the possibilities of facilities for the collection of GIS data for the possible use in land consolidation. My purpose was to accurately determine what the potential cost of purchase and processing of data and how accurately we are able to process this data. Next I have dealt with quality data that we can get from organizations that work with data. I also dealt with the design of land consolidation method using a digital terrain model (DTM). This method could bring a lot of innovation in solving problems in land consolidation in the future

No description available.

The orbit of a satellite around the earth is constantly disturbed by various factors, such as variations in the gravitational field and the solar wind pressure. The drift of the satellite position can compromise the mission, and even lead to a crash or a fall in the atmosphere. The station-keeping operations therefore consist in performing an accurate measurement of the satellite trajectory and then in using its thrusters to correct the drift. The conventional solution is to measure the position with the help of a ground based radar. This solution is expensive and does not allow to have the satellite position permanently: the trajectory corrections are therefore infrequent. A positioning and autonomous navigation system using constellations of navigation satellites, called Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), allows a significant reduction in design and operational maintenance costs. Several studies have been conducted in this direction and the first navigation systems based on GPS receivers, are emerging. A receiver capable of processing multiple navigation systems, such as GPS and Galileo, would provide a better service availability. Indeed, Galileo is designed to be compatible with GPS, both in terms of signals and navigation data. Continuous knowledge of the position would then allow a closed loop control of the station keeping. Initially, we defined what the specifications of a multi-mission space receiver are. Indeed, the constraints on such a receiver are different from those for a receiver located on the surface of the Earth. The analysis of these constraints, and the performance required of a positioning system, is necessary to determine the specifications of the future receiver. There are few studies on the subject. Some of them are classified; others have, in our view, an analytical bias that distorts the determination of specifications. So we modeled the system: GNSS and receivers satellite orbits, radio frequency link. Some parameters of this link are not given in the specification or manufacturers documents. Moreover, the available theoretical data are not always relevant for realistic modeling. So we had to assess those parameters using the available data. The model was then used to simulate various scenarios representing future missions. After defining analysis criteria, specifications were determined from the simulation results. Calculating a position of a satellite navigation system involves three main phases. For each phase, there are several possible algorithms, with different performance characteristics, the circuit size or the computation load. The development of new applications based on navigation also drives the development of new adapted algorithms. We present the principle for determining a position, as well as GPS and Galileo navigation signals. From the signal structure, we explain the phases of the demodulation and localization. Through the use of GPS and Galileo constellations, standard algorithms achieve the performance required for space applications. However, these algorithms need to be adapted, thus some parts were specifically designed. In order to validate the choice of algorithms and parameters, we have simulated the various operating phases of the receiver using real GPS signals. Finally, impact and prospects are discussed in the conclusion.

The purpose of this work was investigate and measure the possibility to exist multipath caused by the corona noise generated in high voltage electric lines recepting GNSS signals. Experiments were realized with a 69 kV tension electric line localized in Santa Maria/RS. A serie was located with eleven transversal points to the longitudinal ranging of the transmission line. In this points, the eletromagnetic field was estimated using an equipment to measure the electromagnetic field EM-8000 model. Valuations was realized about the interferences on positioning by the absolut method, using a GNSS receiver with C/A code Garmin GPS II Plus model and the positioning by the relative method with the GNSS receiver L1/L2 Topcon Hiper model. To estimate the interference in the points was necessary to obtain the geodesic coordinates of this points without multipath possibilities caused of corona noise. For this was implanted a squared topographical polygonal where the support points were located far from the transmission lines, free of the electromagnetic field influence. Calculating the variances among the coordinates was necessary transform the geodesic coordinates obtained at GNSS receivers to the Local Topographic System, to make the systems compatible, using the rotation and translation model. Calculating was possible conclude that to the raising method and the geodesic equipment used in this experiment, in a 69 kV transmission line, the found discrepancies were in the standard deviation of 17,10 mm admitted to equipment GNSS receiver L1/L2 and 15 mm to GNSS receiver C/A code, in a 95% confidence level. So it was not evidenced interferences in the electromagnetic field at GNSS signal reception. / O propósito deste trabalho foi investigar e mensurar a possibilidade de haver multicaminhamento pelo efeito corona gerado em linhas elétricas de alta tensão na recepção de sinais GNSS. Foram realizados experimentos em uma rede elétrica com tensão de 69 kV localizado no município de Santa Maria/RS. Foi implantada uma série de onze pontos transversais ao alinhamento longitudinal da linha de transmissão. Nestes pontos realizou-se uma avaliação do campo eletromagnético gerado utilizando um equipamento medidor de campo eletromagnético modelo EM- 8000. Foram realizadas avaliações da interferência no posicionamento pelo método absoluto utilizando o receptor GNSS de código C/A Garmin modelo GPS II Plus e o posicionamento pelo método relativo com o receptor GNSS portadora L1/L2 Topcon modelo Hiper. Para avaliar a interferência dos pontos foi necessário obter as coordenadas geodésicas desses pontos sem possibilidades de multicaminhamento pelo efeito corona. Para isto implantou-se uma poligonal topográfica enquadrada em que os marcos de apoio localizavam-se distantes a linha de transmissão sem a influência do campo eletromagnético. Ao realizar o cálculo das discrepâncias entre as coordenadas foi necessário realizar a transformação das coordenadas geodésicas obtidas pelos receptores GNSS para o Sistema Topográfico Local para a compatibilização dos sistemas, sendo utilizado o modelo das rotações e translações. Realizando os cálculos concluiu-se que para os métodos de levantamento e os equipamentos geodésicos utilizados neste experimento, em uma linha de transmissão de 69 kV, as discrepâncias constatadas ficaram dentro do desviospadrões de 17,10 mm admitido ao equipamento receptor GNSS portadora L1/L2 e 15 m ao receptor GNSS código C/A, a nível de confiança de 95%. Assim não se constatou interferências do campo eletromagnético na recepção dos sinais GNSS.

Submitted by RODRIGO SANTOS MENDES DA ROCHA null (rodrigosmrocha@gmail.com) on 2018-02-21T14:58:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rodrigo Santos Mendes da Rocha.pdf: 3054544 bytes, checksum: e81eb0c02714ff7f8bd3a3d1a1c743b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ALESSANDRA KUBA OSHIRO ASSUNÇÃO (alessandra@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-02-21T18:30:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_rsm_me_prud.pdf: 3054544 bytes, checksum: e81eb0c02714ff7f8bd3a3d1a1c743b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T18:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_rsm_me_prud.pdf: 3054544 bytes, checksum: e81eb0c02714ff7f8bd3a3d1a1c743b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Grandes corpos artificiais têm potencial catastrófico em casos de colapso de sua estrutura. Como ocorrido em Mariana – MG, o colapso da barragem trouxe prejuízos socioeconômicos e ambientais incalculáveis o que justifica a importância da prevenção de acidentes conforme imposto na Lei nº 12.334/2010 que trata da segurança de barragens. Um ponto importante de verificação da saúde da estrutura tange ao monitoramento da mesma que deve ser acompanhada periodicamente a fim de detectar deslocamentos e/ou deformações. Este monitoramento é realizado através de métodos geotécnicos, métodos geodésicos, como o posicionamento por satélites artificiais, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), ou, por equipamentos medidores de distâncias e ângulos, além do nivelamento geométrico de precisão e a gravimetria. Tendo como estudo de caso uma barragem de concreto de uma usina hidrelétrica (UHE), a dissertação visa utilizar os sinais GNSS para detectar a ocorrência de deslocamento de pontos sobre a barragem ao longo de quatro campanhas de coleta de dados entre os anos de 2012 e 2015. O Teste de Congruência Global (TCG) será utilizado para detectar os vértices que podem ser considerados estáveis. Todo o processamento dos dados GNSS foi realizado utilizando somente os sinais do Global Positioning System (GPS) no software científico Bernese, v5.2. Para a realização do TCG foi implementado o TCGunesp, um software capaz de utilizar os resultados provenientes do processamento de dados do Bernese e informar se as estações geodésicas deslocaram ao longo do tempo. Os resultados dos processamentos de dados GPS apontaram uma alta precisão das coordenadas que foi confrontada com a repetitividade dos resultados das seções de processamento, no qual constatou-se uma diferença no modelo estocástico o que possibilitou o cálculo de um coeficiente de escala. Através das análises do TCG 3D, 2D (planimétrico) e 1D (altimétrico e no eixo do fluxo da barragem) utilizando o TCGunesp foram constatadas estações que sofreram deslocamento quando utilizado o modelo estocástico original. Ao ser realizado o reescalonamento do modelo estocástico a partir do coeficiente de escala, aumentou sensivelmente a quantidade de estações consideradas estáveis pelo teste. / Large artificial bodies have catastrophic potential in cases of collapse of their structures. As occurred in Mariana - MG, the collapse of the dam brought incalculable socioeconomic and environmental damages, which justifies the importance of accident prevention, as required by Law No. 12,334/2010, which deals with dam safety. An important point of verification of the health of the structure refers to the monitoring of the same that must be monitored periodically in order to detect displacements or deformations. This monitoring is carried out using geotechnical methods and geodetic methods, such as positioning by artificial satellites, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) or by distance and angle measuring equipment. in addition to precision geometric leveling and gravimetry Having as a case study a concrete dam of a hydroelectric plant, the dissertation aims to use the GNSS signals to detect the occurrence of displacement of points in the dam 's structural body during four campaigns of data collection between the years of 2012 and 2015. The Global Congruence Test (TCG) will be used to detect the vertices that can be considered stable. All GNSS data processing was performed using only the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals in the scientific software Bernese, v5.2. For the implementation of the TCG, the TCGunesp was implemented, a software capable of using the results from the Bernese data processing and informing if the geodesic stations have moved over time. The results of the GPS data processing showed a high precision of the coordinates that was confronted with the repeatability of the results of the processing sections, in which a difference in the stochastic model was verified, which enabled the calculation of a scale coefficient. Through the analysis of TCG 3D, 2D (planimetric) and 1D (altimetric and in the axis of the dam flow) using TCGunesp, stations were observed that were displaced when using the original stochastic model. When the stochastic model was rescheduled from the scale coefficient, the number of stations considered stable by the test was significantly increased.

In the last decade, Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) have gained a significant position in the development of urban navigation applications and associated services. The urban environment presents several challenges to GNSS signal reception, such as multipath and GNSS Line-of-Sight (LOS) blockage, which are translated in the positioning domain in a decreased navigation solution accuracy up to the lack of an available position. For this matter, Vector Tracking (VT) constitutes a promising approach able to cope with the urban environment-induced effects including multipath, NLOS reception and signal outages. This thesis is particularly focused on the proposal and design of a dual constellation GPS + Galileo single frequency L1/E1 Vector Delay Frequency Lock Loop (VDFLL) architecture for the automotive usage in urban environment. From the navigation point of view, VDFLL represents a concrete application of information fusion, since all the satellite tracking channels are jointly tracked and controlled by the common navigation Extended Kalman filter (EKF). The choice of the dual-constellation single frequency vector tracking architecture ensures an increased number of observations and at the same time allowing the conservation of the low-cost feasibility criteria of the mobile user’s receiver. Moreover, the use of single frequency L1 band signals implies the necessity of taking into account the ionospheric error effect. In fact, even after the application of the ionosphere error correction models, a resultant ionospheric residual error still remains in the received observations. The originality of this work relies on the implementation of a dual-constellation VDFLL architecture, capable of estimating the ionosphere residual error present in the received observations. This dissertation investigates the VDFLL superiority w.r.t the scalar tracking receiver in terms of positioning performance and tracking robustness for a real car trajectory in urban area in the presence of multipath and ionosphere residual error.

As GPS signals are of low power, the receiving end is always highly susceptible to interference, both unintentional and deliberate. As such there is a need to develop practical ways of detecting and localizing interference sources. This paper evaluates different methods of localization, and also demonstrates a novel method of both practical and cheap localization.

The subject of this thesis is digitalization of bus transportation. The input is represented by a sequence of GNSS data which are transformed to the OpenStreetMap format. Doing so, it is enriched by the information OpenStreetMap format provides and it gains its positional advantages as well. Then this thesis deals with ways by which one can detect bus lines from this general sequence of GNSS coordinates. A bus line is recognized as a repeating trajectory, which satisfies criteria derived from its expectable or defined characteristics. A few clustering solutions are proposed and tested for their performance. On the basis of this testing, there is one solution chosen as the best performing one, to be the proposed solution of this thesis. The overall output will therefore be formed by automatic mapping of bus lines with no theoretical area limit and with minimum manual intervention needed. It lays the foundations for various intelligent real-time processes to be implemented as well as allowing for infrastructure to be processed for the statistics purposes or urban planning.

The goal of this thesis is to analyze current requirements of navigation system RNP RNAV. Particularly is behaving about estimation current ways and description of future improving GNSS performance. In submitted thesis is describes present evolution of area navigation and required navigation performance RNP. The next part deals with the common access how to raise the performance parameters, their estimation and also description how it'll be solve in future systems.