Theoretical information about different satellite navigation systems used for determination of position. Special attention is attended to system GPS. There are consulted main principles of the GPS and some error sources. Application of differential GPS for minimization of these errors is discussed. Next part is about examples of basic principles for measuring earth magnetic field. Last chaps are about practical realization of mentioned DGPS, which is applied for outdoor mobile robot navigation. There is described hardware structure, software utilities and application of an aided tool for GPS - electronic compass. Some practical measurements and results are presented.

This work deals with analysis of protocol APRS Automatic Positioning System for telemetry. There is analyzed the structure of the most important frames and their application. It discusses the processing of GPS data and subsequent modulation of the selected frequency. This work also describes and discusses the proposed peripheral devices and the used firmware.

The Diploma Thesis deals with the processing of the output from a GPS position logger. The recorded file will then become main part of application Training diary. There can be found evaluation of GPS as a system as well as a description of used instruments in the text. Part deals with the use of modern environment Google Maps API. The program is described at the end of work and is attached on a CD.

This master's thesis deals with creating OpenStreetMap terrain mapping mobile application. The introduction describes project OpenStreetMap and the methods of collecting data. After that mobile platforms specifics are described. Android and OSMTracker are introduced in the next part of this work. Analysis is followed by description of implementation of OSMTracker extension.

The traditional paper-based method of field data collection has always been a time-consuming and cumbersome process. Agency personnel in the field complete a standard evaluation form, which is then returned to the office and entered into a computer database for storage and analysis. Throughout this process, data can easily be lost or misinterpreted. As data requirements continue to expand, field data collection can quickly overwhelm a regulatory agency's manpower and resources, which only serves to exacerbate these problems. Recent technological developments can help agencies and organizations keep up with this growing demand and have begun to change the method of data collection and management. The overall goal of this study is to develop, demonstrate, and evaluate a digital protocol for the use of technology in a volunteer stream monitoring application and draw conclusions on its applicability as a more effective means of data collection in a wide variety of fields. The protocol includes digital evaluation forms and integrated help files for use in the field. The digital evaluation forms are based on paper evaluation forms developed by researchers conducting a stream corridor assessment of Stroubles Creek in Blacksburg, Virginia. The protocol was developed using available hardware and software. Collected data can be downloaded directly from a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and stored on a hard drive or system server. The data can then be input directly into a Geographic Information System (GIS) database to enhance the visualization and usefulness of the information. The GIS allows surveyors to view the relationships among the many factors affecting the stream, as well as preparing the data for advanced analysis. Two examples are provided: a field application of the protocol on streams currently listed for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development; and an environmental education setting in a Virginia elementary school. Conclusions drawn from these applications are also described. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

In the United States, smartphone ownership surpassed 69.5 million in February 2011 with a large portion of those users (20%) downloading applications (apps) that enhance the usability of a device by adding additional functionality. a large percentage of apps are written specifically to utilize the geographical position of a mobile device. One of the prime factors in developing location prediction models is the use of historical data to train such a model. with larger sets of training data, prediction algorithms become more accurate; however, the use of historical data can quickly become a downfall if the GPS stream is not collected or processed correctly. Inaccurate or incomplete or even improperly interpreted historical data can lead to the inability to develop accurately performing prediction algorithms. As GPS chipsets become the standard in the ever increasing number of mobile devices, the opportunity for the collection of GPS data increases remarkably. the goal of this study is to build a comprehensive system that addresses the following challenges: (1) collection of GPS data streams in a manner such that the data is highly usable and has a reduction in errors; (2) processing and reduction of the collected data in order to prepare it and make it highly usable for the creation of prediction algorithms; (3) creation of prediction/labeling algorithms at such a level that they are viable for commercial use. This study identifies the key research problems toward building the CaPPture (collection, processing, prediction) system.

GPS processing, like every processing method for geodetic applications, relies upon least-squares estimation. Quality measures must be defined to assure that the estimates are close to reality. These quality measures are reliable provided that, first, the covariance matrix of the observations (the stochastic model) is well defined and second, the systematic effects are completely removed (i.e., the functional model is good). In the GPS precise point positioning (PPP) the stochastic and functional models are not as complicated as in the differential GPS processing. We will assess the quality of the GPS Precise Point Positioning in this thesis. To refine the functional model from systematic errors, we have 1) used the phase observations to prevent introducing any hardware bias to the observation equations, 2) corrected observations for all systematic effects with amplitudes of more than 1cm, 3) used undifferenced observations to prevent having complications (e.g. linearly related parameters) in the system of observation equations. To have a realistic covariance matrix for the observations we have incorporated the ephemeris’ uncertainties into the system of observation equations. The above-mentioned technique is numerically tested on the real data of some of the International GNSS Service stations. The results confirm that undifferenced stochastic-related properties (e.g. degrees of freedom) can be reliable means to recognize the parameterization problem in differenced observation equations. These results also imply that incorporation of the satellite ephemeris uncertainties might improve the estimates of the station positions. / QC 20120503

Vehicles with sensors produce large amounts of data. Transmission of data is connectedwith costs. By using data compression, less data has to be transmitted, reducing priceof operation. A number of algorithms are evaluated through tests with GPS and accelerometerdata. Performance is measured based on time usage, compression ratio,and euclidean errors (in the case of lossy compression). No algorithm or combinationof algorithms is shown to outperform the others on all data and all metrics. Threedierent recommendations are made. For lossless data compression focused on speed, acombination of Move-To-Front, Zero-Run-Length-Encoding, and Human coding is recommended.For lossless data compression focusing on compression ratio, a combinationof delta coding, Lempel-Ziv coding, and Human coding is recommended. Finally, fordata that can aord losses and that has a low amount of unique symbols, a model basedapproach is recommended.

Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de travaux menés en sciences du sport. Basé sur l’exploration des caractéristiques physiques et physiologiques, les performances techniques et physiques des joueurs de l’équipe de France de Rugby à 7, ont été étudiées au travers de l’analyse de tournois internationaux.Dans une première étude, nous avons observé l’impact de variables contextuelles sur les performances physiques et techniques des joueurs en match. Les résultats démontrent que le niveau de l'adversaire ainsi que le résultat du match influencent l’activité des joueurs.Ces derniers sont susceptibles de réaliser de meilleures performances physiques au cours de match dont l’issue est favorable. En effet, les joueurs augmentent la distance totale parcourue dans un match contre un adversaire plus faible. Pour la première fois en Rugby à 7, nous avons montré que les performances techniques sont elles aussi influencées lorsque les joueurs de l’équipe de France jouaient contre une équipe plus forte. En effet, nous avons observé des diminutions du nombre de passes et de situations où les joueurs sont porteurs de balle.Au travers d’une approche physiologique, une deuxième étude a appréhendé les réponses métaboliques individuelles des joueurs de l’équipe de France durant un tournoi international. Les résultats ont montré des relations significatives entre les concentrations de lactate et les pics d’activité enregistrés dans les trois dernières minutes de jeu, ce qui suggère que la capacité à fournir de l'énergie via la voie de la glycolyse est une exigence fondamentale dans cette discipline. L'équilibre acido-basique modifié de façon significative en fin de match, indique que les joueurs doivent être capables de tolérer un niveau important d'acidose due à une forte sollicitation énergétique lors des matchs internationaux.Enfin, notre dernière étude s’est centrée sur les actions de haute intensité effectuées en match. Ces derniers résultats de recherche ont permis de démontrer qu’un joueur réalise en moyenne ~26 actions de haute intensité par match. De plus et pour la première fois dans cette discipline, nous avons montré qu’environ 4 séquences de répétitions d’actions de haute intensité sont comptabilisées en match, dont la durée moyenne est d’environ 40 secondes et comprennent des temps de récupérations inférieurs à 9 secondes. Ainsi, le Rugby à 7 peut être considéré comme un sport collectif de répétitions d’efforts intenses.Pour conclure alors, ces travaux de thèse vont permettre aux entraîneurs et préparateurs physiques de Rugby à 7, de pouvoir s’inspirer de nos résultats pour planifier et mettre en œuvre des entraînements spécifiques aux exigences du Rugby à 7. / Our thesis research fits within the framework of sport science. Based on the exploration of physical and physiological characteristics, technical and physical performance achieved by the French Rugby 7’s team, were studied through the analysis of international tournaments.In the first study, we observe the impact of contextual variables on the physical and technical performance of players during a Rugby 7’s game. The results demonstrate that the level of the opponent and the match result influence the activity of players. Players are likely to perform better physically during a game for which the outcome is favorable. They increase the total distance run in a game against a weaker opponent. For the first time in Rugby 7’s, we were able to show that technical performance is also affected whilst playing against a stronger opponent as there is a decrease in the number of passes and the number of situations where players are ball carriers.Through a physiological approach, the second study focuses on the individual metabolic responses of players during an international Rugby 7’s tournament. The results show a significant relationship between lactate concentrations and peaks activity recorded in the last three minutes of play, suggesting the ability to provide energy via the glycolytic pathway as a fundamental requirement in this sport. Also, the acid-base balance significantly changes towards the end of a game showing that Rugby 7’s players must be able to tolerate a high level of acidosis because the high amount of energy needed for games at an international level.Finally, our last study focuses on high intensity actions done during a Rugby 7’s game. The results show that a player does on average ~26 high intensity actions per game. In addition and for the first time in this sport, we show that approximately 4 sequences of repeated high intensity actions are recorded in a game, the average duration is 40 seconds and includes a time of recovery of under 9 seconds. Thus, Rugby 7’s may be considered as a team sport of repeated high intensity actions.To conclude, this thesis will allow Rugby 7’s coaches and fitness coaches, to better plan and prepare specific trainings that would be adapted to Rugby 7’s.

With the advent of the Global Position System (GPS), we now have the ability to determine absolute position anywhere on the globe. Although GPS systems work well in open environments with no overhead obstructions, they are subject to large unavoidable errors when the reception from some of the satellites is blocked. This occurs frequently in urban environments, such as downtown New York City. GPS systems require at least four satellites visible to maintain a good position 'fix' . Tall buildings and tunnels often block several, if not all, of the satellites. Additionally, due to Selective Availability (SA), where small amounts of error are intentionally introduced, GPS errors can typically range up to 100 ft or more. This thesis proposes several methods for improving the position estimation capabilities of a system by incorporating other sensor and data technologies, including Kalman filtered inertial navigation systems, rule-based and fuzzy-based sensor fusion techniques, and a unique map-matching algorithm. / Master of Science