Not available / text

Zugl.: Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University, Diss., 1972.

Spec. Litt. Inaug.--Leyden. / Includes bibliographical references.

Th. doct.--Archéol., 1989. / Bibliogr. p. VII-XX.

Cette étude traite de la sculpture exécutée en pierre – marbre et calcaire – dans les cités grecques d’Italie du Sud : Caulonia, Crotone, Héraclée, Locres Épyzéphyrienne, Métaponte, Poséidonia, Rhégion, Sybaris et Tarente. Toutes les périodes grecques sont considérées entre l’apparition de la sculpture en pierre au VIème siècle jusqu’à la chute de Tarente, dernière cité italiote indépendante. La première partie présente la méthodologie adoptée et précise l’acception des termes liés à la recherche italiote. 128 fragments ou monuments ont été retenus et ont fait l’objet de notices détaillées dans le catalogue. Le corpus ainsi constitué a été contextualisé par lieu de provenance, lorsque ce dernier est connu, puis par cité. La statue trônante de déesse provenant de Tarente et conservée à Berlin constitue un cas emblématique de statuaire italiote et a fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie. Cette recherche doctorale a également permis de reconsidérer des questions techniques et stylistiques. S’il n’a pas été possible de déterminer des « écoles » stylistiques dans les cités italiotes (à l’exception peut-être de Tarente dès le IVème siècle), les acrolithes italiotes ont pu être classés selon trois catégories : les têtes entières, les têtes à section diagonale et les têtes à section verticale. Certaines thématiques, qui auraient mérité un traitement plus approfondi que ce travail ne le permettait, ont été abordées dans les annexes. Il s’agit de la sculpture funéraire tarentine, des ensembles de métopes sculptés du Sélé ainsi que des découvertes de sculptures en contexte italique, avec une attention plus particulière portée à l’ensemble provenant de Garaguso. / This study discusses stone sculpture – marble and limestone – from the Greek cities of Southern Italy : Kaulonia, Kroton, Heraclea, Locri, Metaponto, Poseidonia, Rhegion, Sibari and Taranto. All the Greek periods are included : Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic, from the 6th century to 209, the year of the fall of Taranto, the last independent Italiot city in Magna Graecia. The first part of this study presents the methodology and the acceptation of the terms used in the research on italiot sculpture. A catalogue has been created, where all 128 selected artefacts are analysed. The selected corpus is analysed according to the site of provenance of the artefacts and, in a second step, according to the cities these sites depended from. An exhaustive and updated study of the seated goddess of Taranto, now in Berlin, which is emblematic of Italiot sculpture, constitutes an important part of the present research. A number of technical and stylistic questions are also reconsidered. Due to the small size of the corpus, it has not been possible to define different Italiot schools of sculptors. However, the Italiot acrolithes have been separated in three groups : those with complete heads, those whose heads are cut diagonally and those whose heads are cut vertically. Some topics which would have deserved a more in-depth examination than this allowed it, were summarised in the annexes : funerary Tarentine sculpture, metopes of the sanctuary on the Sele and the Greek sculptures discovered in Italic contexts, such as the miniature temple and goddess from Garaguso.

No description available.

Teilw. zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 1996/97

This doctoral thesis investigates dialect contact, identity and change in the ancient Greek colonies of Magna Graecia in the fourth and third centuries BC, as evidenced in the surviving epigraphic sources. South Italy is an area of the ancient Greek-speaking world in which a comprehensive investigation of the linguistic evidence has not previously been attempted. By considering linguistic questions within their broader socio-historical environment, I propose a radical redrawing of the dialect map of this area. I first present the historical context, the linguistic evidence and the methodological framework of my research in the introduction. In the first chapter I reject previous hypotheses about dialect contact in South Italy around 300 BC on the basis of both historical and linguistic arguments. I then propose a new and empirically better supported explanation for the development of the ‘severior’ long-vowel system in the dialect of the southern city of Locri, which previous studies have generally attributed to influence from the dialect of the important northern city of Taras and taken as evidence for Taras’ linguistic influence over the rest of Magna Graecia, and possibly also for the existence of a local Doric koina (i.e. a common dialect). In the second chapter I offer a new analysis of the inscriptional record from Locri and show that, in the absence of compelling evidence for influence from the dialect of Taras, a high level of prestige remained attributed to the traditional local dialect until at least the mid-third century. At the same time, the southern colonies in general, including Locri, can be shown to have been exposed to the koine before the northern ones, such as Taras, as a result of frequent contact with the Greeks of near Sicily in the fourth and early third centuries. In the third chapter I complete my investigation by assessing the use of dialectal features in literary texts produced in South Italy around the same period (both metrical inscriptions and literary works transmitted in manuscripts). The evidence of these texts, combined with that of documentary inscriptions, provides a deeper insight into matters of dialect identity and prestige in this area. After summarising the results of my research, I conclude my investigation with a brief discussion of the socio-historical reasons why a Doric koina did not develop in South Italy as in other areas.

Depuis que son statut scientifique a été établi à la fin du XVIIIème siècle, l'archéologie funéraire se trouve au centre des recherches sur les sociétés italiotes de Grande Grèce. Suscitant comme les vases l’admiration des élites culturelles, les marqueurs de tombe des nécropoles d’Italie du Sud se sont très tôt retrouvés dans les collections européennes et ont d'abord été étudiés par les historiens de l’art. En prenant en compte les questions de terminologie (bien qu'il soit moderne, le mot marqueur est pertinent) et sur la base d'un corpus d'environ 800 marqueurs patiemment réunis, cette recherche démontre qu'une étude minutieuse et méthodique des marqueurs enrichit la connaissance historique et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives. Ces édifices et objets avaient pour fonctions de signaler les tombes, définir le nouveau statut du mort et lui rendre hommage ainsi que de célébrer sa famille aux yeux des vivants. Ils donnent donc à voir des pans entiers et mal connus des sociétés italiotes et de leur genèse. Du Vème siècle avant J.-C., quand territoires grecs et indigènes commencent à échanger au sein d’une koinè italiote, au IIIème siècle avant J.-C., quand les Romains prennent pied dans la région, ils apportent des informations précieuses sur l’évolution des sociétés locales. Une étude confrontant l’ensemble des sources disponibles permet d’aborder des aspects importants des sociétés : mutations sociales, hiérarchisation des communautés et affirmation de pouvoir, relations entre Grecs et autochtones, phénomènes d’acculturation, rites funéraires et croyances eschatologiques. La thèse se présente en deux volumes destinés à être simultanément et complémentairement lus et consultés. L’un contient les fiches extraites de la base de données conçue pour l’étude du corpus : près de 800 marqueurs ou fragments de marqueurs. L’autre développe les analyses archéologiques et historiques. Après un état de la question historiographique, étymologique et méthodologique, l’étude examine le matériel du corpus dans une perspective principalement archéologique, en mettant l’accent sur les questions de contexte et en opérant éventuellement des confrontations avec les sources iconographiques et textuelles. Après avoir élaboré une typologie aussi méthodique et nuancée que possible des marqueurs, elle en exploite les acquis en deux synthèses. L’une est consacrée au concept même de marqueur de tombe (pourquoi et selon quels critères les Grecs marquent-ils leurs tombes ?), l’autre étudie les influences de la koinè méditerranéenne et du creuset italiote sur les marqueurs de Grande Grèce, afin de mieux comprendre les processus d’acculturation et de diffusion. / Since the scientific value of funerary archaeology has been acknowledged at the end of the XVIIIth century, it has been at the heart of research on Magna Graecia italiot societies. Because they aroused the cultural elite’s admiration, as much as the vases, grave markers from Southern Italia have been at a very early stage brought in European collections and first studied by art historians.Taking into account terminology issues (however modern, the term “marker” remains relevant) and based on a corpus of around 800 markers patiently put together, this study seeks to demonstrate that a methodical and meticulous analysis of the markers helps us to expand our historical knowledge and open new perspectives. These monuments and objects were there to indicate tombs, define the deceased’s new status and pay tribute to him, as well as praise his family in the eyes of the livings. They allow us to see, then, entire parts, which are little known, of the italiot societies and their origins. From the Vth century, when the interactions between Greek and indigenous territories start within the italiot koine, to the IIIrd century B.-C., when the Romans started to settle down in the region, these monuments give useful information about the evolution of local societies. Bringing together the whole range of the available evidence allows us to study important features of the societies: social mutations, communities hierarchy, power claims, relationships between Greek and native people, acculturation process, funerary rites and eschatological beliefs.This dissertation is divided into two volumes, which are to be read in a simultaneous and complementary way. One volume consists of the forms from the database designed for the corpus analysis: nearly 800 entire or fragmentary markers. The other one holds the archaeological and historical analyses. After stating the current status in historiography, etymology and methodology, this study looks into the corpus material, mainly from an archaeological point of view, focusing on contextualization, and sometimes comparing it with iconographic and textual evidence. In two overviews, the analysis then draws conclusions from a typology of the markers, made as methodical and critical as possible. The first one questions the concept of grave marker (why and according to which criteria do the Greeks mark their tombs?), the second one studies how the Mediterranean koinè and italiot melting-pot influenced the Magna Graecia markers, in order to have a better understanding of the acculturation and circulation processes.

This study provides an abstract look at the movement of Greek religion into Magna Graecia with the arrival of Achaean settlers in Southern Italy. Through an investigation into the proliferation of sanctuary construction in the nonurban territory of the colonies, it is evident that the sanctuaries were not only used for religious purposes, and served as symbols of the authority of the city. Metaponto, Croton, Sybaris, and Poseidonia are the colonies in question, whose systematic development relied on the construction of these sacred compounds. This study takes a twofold approach; by investigating the physical placement of sanctuaries in various areas around the chora, their functions will be extrapolated. In the Achaean colonies in Southern Italy, sanctuaries in the nonurban territory did have a sacred significance, but more importantly they demonstrated ownership over the areas they presided over, and thus aided in the delineation of the chora. Nonurban sanctuaries also held the responsibility of sustaining order amongst the outlying populations, bringing together Greeks and indigenous and serving as a mediator amongst them. Furthermore, the sanctuaries positioned at the frontiers of the territory strongly demonstrated the identity of the Greeks, reinforcing their claim to the land. Thus, dissimilar to their counterparts on mainland Greece, the sanctuaries constructed in the nonurban territory of the Achaean colonies were part of a clearly defined development plan, and serviced the political necessities of the Greeks above all. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)