Partindo de considerações acerca da importância do mar, do comércio e das trocas com estrangeiros para o modo de vida grego, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de entender qual era o local ocupado pelos portos e pelas cidades portuárias nessa configuração. Através da localização do porto em sete cidades fundadas durante os movimentos de expansão grega para o ocidente buscamos situar o porto em relação às estruturas urbanas importantes tais como acrópole, ágora, templos e muralhas. Ao estabelecer essas relações queremos entender não só o lugar físico ocupado pelo porto mas também e principalmente, o que a sua localização física pode representar e nos dizer acerca de sua posição na hierarquia social de cada cidade. / Considering the importance of the sea, commerce and trading with foreign people for the Greek life style, this research tries to understand the place of harbours and harbour cities in this scenario. Based on the location of the port in seven cities established during the Greek expansionist movements to the west, our aim is to establish the place of the port towards the important urban structures such as the acropolis, agora, sanctuaries and walls. By establishing these relations we try to understand not only the physical location of the port but what this location could represent and tell us about the situation of the port within the social hierarchy of each city.

Partindo de considerações acerca da importância do mar, do comércio e das trocas com estrangeiros para o modo de vida grego, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de entender qual era o local ocupado pelos portos e pelas cidades portuárias nessa configuração. Através da localização do porto em sete cidades fundadas durante os movimentos de expansão grega para o ocidente buscamos situar o porto em relação às estruturas urbanas importantes tais como acrópole, ágora, templos e muralhas. Ao estabelecer essas relações queremos entender não só o lugar físico ocupado pelo porto mas também e principalmente, o que a sua localização física pode representar e nos dizer acerca de sua posição na hierarquia social de cada cidade. / Considering the importance of the sea, commerce and trading with foreign people for the Greek life style, this research tries to understand the place of harbours and harbour cities in this scenario. Based on the location of the port in seven cities established during the Greek expansionist movements to the west, our aim is to establish the place of the port towards the important urban structures such as the acropolis, agora, sanctuaries and walls. By establishing these relations we try to understand not only the physical location of the port but what this location could represent and tell us about the situation of the port within the social hierarchy of each city.

Missing from the discussion surrounding the use of coinage in select burials within southern Italian Greek necropoleis in the fourth and third centuries BCE is an attempt to reconstruct the ancient conception of the ritualistic function of coinage. It is through a chronological survey of epigraphical evidence for temple finances that we can trace the concurrent developments of the recognition of a fiduciary value to money, on one hand, and the acceptance of a ritualistic function to coinage on the other. Both occur simultaneously in Magna Graecia where the earliest coins in burial have been found. The case study of Metaponto, an archaeological site around the Lucanian Apennines, reveals a correspondence between an Oscan assemblage of funerary equipment and the presence of coinage. One tomb in particular contains an old coin’s ceramic impression, a clear representation of a value above that of its monetary model. Indigenous Italian agency ought therefore be considered when explaining, not just the ritualistic deposition of bronze coinage in Italy, but also a broader recognition of the sacred and fiduciary value to coinage which led to its deposition. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / When did humans start conceptualising the abstract notion of value which underpins modern paper money? The time of Socrates’ death was one of economic transition, when coins were first integrated into funerary rituals, used as religious dedicatory offerings, and minted in a new metal, bronze. These concurrent developments stemmed from the need for Greeks, using silver, to exchange with indigenous Italians who used bronze. This created a symbolic value for the bronze coins which was manifested in the contemporaneous acceptance of coinage in religious rituals. The case study of Metaponto, a Greek city founded in southern Italy, demonstrates the indigenous Italian impetus to include coinage in funerary assemblages, and by extension, their involvement in redefining the economic conception of money. A ceramic impression of an older coin found in one of these burials, is similar to paper money in that it represents a value abstracted from its silver model.

L’étude du corps offre un angle d’approche privilégié pour appréhender les représentations théâtrales comiques de l’époque classique à Athènes et en Grande Grèce. Seule une analyse croisée des sources textuelles et iconographiques permet de faire toute la lumière sur la manière dont le corps comique était mis en scène, perçu et imaginé. Les conclusions de la thèse reposent en particulier sur la confrontation des comédies grecques du Ve et du IVe siècle av. J.-C. et de la céramique italiote à sujet comique, entre lesquelles elle établit un lien étroit. Le premier chapitre est consacré à la présentation des corpus et à leur mise en relation. Le deuxième décrit les aspects matériels du costume comique. Les troisième et quatrième portent sur la sémiologie du costume : sont d’abord étudiés les codes propres au genre, puis les éléments qui concourent à la caractérisation sociale et morale du personnage. Le cinquième et dernier chapitre traite de la fonction dramatique du geste comique. / Analysis of the body provides an effective means of capturing comic performances in classical Athens and Magna Graecia. Textual and iconographic sources ought to be considered together to shed light upon the staging of the comic body as it was perceived and imagined. In particular, the conclusions of this work are based upon the comparison of Greek comedies from the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. and South-Italian vase-paintings of comic subjects. The first chapter presents the two corpuses and the questions raised by their comparison. Chapter two describes the material characteristics of the comic costume. The third and fourth chapters focus on the semiotics of the costume ; the signs of the genre are treated first, followed by a discussion of the social and moral characterization of the personages. The final chapter pertains to the dramatic function of the comic gesture.

En se proposant d’étudier les relations des Français avec le Royaume de Naples dans la mise en place d’une politique archéologique parmi les plus modernes d’Europe sous les règnes de Joseph Bonaparte et Joachim Murat, cette thèse s’inscrit dans plusieurs domaines de la recherche en Histoire (politique et culturelle), Histoire de l’Art et Archéologie. Il s’agit ainsi de nous pencher surl’Antiquité à travers le prisme du XIXe siècle, tout en tentant de répondre aux questions actuelles de l’Histoire de l’art sur les provenances archéologiques et le destin des oeuvres découvertes dans ces années. Devant l’ampleur des découvertes archéologiques faites pendant le decennio francese, nous choisissons de limiter la recherche au matériel céramique. Ce corpus homogène permet de revenir sur les découvertes et l’histoire des sites archéologiques de l’Italie méridionale dans les années 1806-1815, en explorant des archives inédites. Leur dépouillement systématique apporte de nouvelles connaissances sur l’histoire des sites fouillés et permet de retrouver la provenance perdue d’objets aujourd’hui conservés dans les musées européens. Par ce croisement inédit de sources, nous espérons donner une vision plus complète de la Naples du decennio francese, tout en élargissant les connaissances sur l’Histoire de l’Archéologie en Italieméridionale. C’est là tout l’enjeu d’un sujet aux confluences des différents courants de l’Histoire,contemplant l’Antiquité dans le miroir des premières années du XIXe siècle. / Dealing with the relationships between the French connoisseurship and the Kingdom of Naples in building of one of the most modern archeological policies in Europe under Joseph Bonaparte and Joachim Murat's reigns, this doctorate takes a part in several fields of research in History (political and cultural), Art History and Archeology. It makes us look at the Antiquity through the prism of the XIX Century, trying at the same time to answer today’s questions of Art History about the archeological proveniences and the faith of the vases discovered in those years. In front of the large number of archeological discoveries made during the French Decade, we choose to focus our research on ancient painted vases. This homogeneous corpus leads us back to the discoveries and the history of archeological sites in the south of Italy during the years 1806-1815 by exploring ancient and unpublished archives. Their systematic sorting gives new information on the History of excavations, allowing us to find out the lost provenance of ancient vases, today conserved in several museums in Europe.With this original sources crossing, we aimed at offering a more complete vision of Naples during the French Decade by broadening the knowledge on the Southern Italian archeological History.Here stands the stake of a study at the confluences of different streams of History, looking at the Antiquity in the mirror of the first years of the XIX Century.

This thesis examines the water resource management in two Greek colonies in Magna Graecia, Akragas and Metaponto, and the relationship between resource management and political regimes. It asks how similar ancient urban theory was to the practical reality, and if different forms of government made different provisions for water management. Chapter 1 outlines urban and health theories found in the works of ancient theorists. It debunks the idea that Hippodamos was the inventor of grid planning, while introducing the concept of ‘total’ city planning. The focus of Classical scholarship on Athens necessitates discussions of several Athenian water systems and how resource management changed (or continued) through different governments in Athens as a point of comparison for Akragas and Metaponto. This chapter focuses on literary analysis and introduces the controversial Southeast Fountain House, with an in-depth consideration of the fountain’s naming and dating problems. Chapter 2 contains the case studies of Akragas and Metaponto and an exploration of the hydrogeology at the two sites, with an introduction to the hydrological phenomenon of karst activity. A discussion of their unique water features—the kolymbethra at Akragas and the canals in the chora of Metaponto—connects the deliberate planning that occurred in both cities to Hippodamos and the urban theorists. Chapter 3 more fully explores the role of tyrants and democracies in water management. Regardless of authorship, water resource management and water systems are necessary for any city, and so most tyrannical water infrastructure continued to be used and expanded and improved upon even under different governments. Even under tyranny water management is a provision of the state and is engaged with and managed by the citizens of the city. Water management is an essential part of siting and establishing a city, so that it is inseparable from urban planning. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)