Différents domaines en Chirurgie Plastique et Esthétique ont évolué au cours de ces dernières années et notamment le transfert et injection de Tissu Adipeux autologue. Les premières données cliniques ont été présentées sans véritable appui scientifique. Cette thèse a pour objet de confirmer les données cliniques retrouvées et de permettre d’améliorer cette technique par des preuves scientifiques. Deux questions sont à considérer : 1) Le tissu adipeux a t-il selon son origine anatomique des caractéristiques différentes et certaines régions seraient-elles à privilégier lors d’une autogreffe ? 2) Existe t-il des facteurs de croissances autologues permettant de stimuler la prise de greffe, la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules greffées ? La première partie de ce travail a consisté à analyser le tissu adipeux en fonction du site de prélèvement. A cet effet, nous avons analysé le tissu adipeux provenant de 2 sites anatomiques : le genou et le menton. Le choix topographie découle d’une raison technique et d’une raison théorique. Nos résultats suggèrent que les deux sites étudiés ont des origines embryonnaires différentes, et montrent que ces deux sites présentent une signature moléculaire et une fonctionnalité différentes. La seconde partie porte sur l’effet in vitro de facteurs de croissances autologues humains. Nous avons analysé la prolifération et la différenciation de cellules souches adipogéniques (ASCs) humaines. Nous avons pour cela utilisé des concentrés plaquettaires issus de prélèvements sanguins autologues, et donc utilisables en pratique thérapeutique humaine. Il s’agit du PRF (plaquette riche en fibrine) et du PRP (plaquette riche en plasma). Les résultats de l’étude montrent que la présence de PRF ou de PRP dans le milieu de culture permet une augmentation drastique de la prolifération cellulaire d’environs 4 à 5 fois. A contrario, les résultats obtenus montrent un blocage partiel de la différenciation adipocytaire, quelque soit le moment et le temps de mise en contact. Nous avons alors étudié par quelle voie de blocage la différenciation était induit et avons montré l’implication de la voie du TGFB qui dans ces conditions de culture induit un blocage partiel de la différenciation des ASCs vers un adipocyte mature. Notre étude montre qu’en parallèle à l’effet antiadipogénique, la différenciation s’oriente vers des cellules myofibroblastes-like. Nous avons alors testé l’effet de l’ajout d’un inhibiteur du TGFB (SB431542) dans le milieu de culture et avons observé une relance de la différenciation cellulaire vers la voie adipogénique confirmant que le PRP a un effet antiadipogénique et promyofibroblastique. Par ailleurs, nous avons analysé la composition du PRP utilisé en dosant les taux de facteurs de croissance présents. En conclusion, ce travail permet de confirmer l’augmentation de la prolifération cellulaire des ASCs en présence de PRP autologue. Ceci nous permet donc une transposition clinique immédiate en utilisant en peropératoire l’association PRP et prélèvement de tissu adipeux lors d’un lipofilling. Ce travail permet également de mettre en lumière la probable différence de fonction des adipocytes prélevés en fonction de leur site anatomique d’origine. Ceci a probablement une conséquence sur l’évolution long terme de ces greffes de tissu adipeux en fonction d’une modification pondérale. / Different fields in plastic and aesthetic surgery have evolved in recent years including the transfer and injection of autologous adipose tissue. The first clinical data was presented without any real scientific support. The purpose of this thesis is to improve this technic by adding scientific evidence. There are two questions to consider: 1) Do adipose tissues have different characteristics according to their anatomical origin, and should certain regions be preferred for autografting? 2) Are there autologous growth factors to stimulate engraftment, proliferation and differentiation of grafted cells? The first part of this work consisted in analyzing the adipose tissue according to the fat depot. For this purpose, we analyzed the adipose tissues from 2 anatomical sites: the knee and the chin. The rational of this choice comes from a technical reason and a theoretical reason. Our results suggest that the two sites studied have different embryonic origins, and show that these two sites have a different molecular signature and functionality. The second part of the work deals with the in vitro effect of autologous human growth factors. on the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose stem cells (ASCs). For this purpose, we used platelet concentrates from blood samples, which can therefore be used in human therapeutic practice. It is the PRF (fibrin-rich platelet) and the PRP (platelet-rich plasma). The results of the study show that the presence of PRF or PRP in the culture medium allows a drastic increase in ASC proliferation of about 4 to 5 times. In contrast, the results show a partial inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, whatever the period and the time of contact. We analyzed the composition of different PRP sources and we identified the involvement of the TGFB pathway in the anti adipogenic effects of PRP. In contrast, the antiadipogenic effect was concomitant with the differentiation of ASCs towards myofibroblasts-like cells. In conclusion, this work allows us immediate clinical transposition using PRP during lipofilling. This work also makes it possible to highlight the probable difference in function of the adipocytes taken according to their original anatomical site. This likely has a consequence on the long term evolution of these adipose tissue grafts in case of a weight change.

This work presents the development of a new pretreatment for clear coated wood, that aims to increase the photoprotection of exterior wood products, and at the same time make the system more environmentally friendly. The pretreatment comprises the reactive UV absorber 2-hydroxy-4(2,3-epoxy­propoxy)-benzophenone (HEPBP), which has a primary epoxy group that can be covalently attached to the hydroxyl groups of the wood substrate. This reactant is accompanied by renewable epoxy functionalized soybean oil (ESBO), which contains a secondary epoxy group that also has the ability to react with the substrate and that promotes the compatibility between the two reactants. The ESBO further seems to have the advantage of increasing the flexibility of the pretreated veneers as well as decreasing the amount of water in the cell wall of the wood. The study was performed in two parts where the first part focused solely on the development and performance of the pretreatment, whereas the second part used the knowledge gained from part one to evaluate the pretreatment in combination with an acrylic clear coating. Grafting reactions were performed on thin wood veneers heated in solvent. In the first part the reaction parameters, temperature and reaction time, were varied to study their effects on the final properties of the pretreatments. The veneers where then analyzed using FTIR to determine if grafting was achieved. Results show that grafting was successful for reactions performed at temperatures above 90 °C. For part two, grafting was successful for both the boil- and dip process, indicating that a considerably shorter reaction time can be used. Samples from both part one and two where then exposed to accelerated ageing and the color change was measured to estimate the UV-resistance. The first part showed improved UV-resistance for some of the pretreatments, whereas the second part was more difficult to evaluate due to the top coat, but a slight improvement can be seen for samples using the pretreatment. A positive result for part two is also that the pretreatment do not appear to affect the adhesion between the substrate and the top coat. It is hence concluded that the proposed pretreatment is a possible way of increasing the photostability of exterior wood. / Detta arbete beskriver utvecklandet av en ny förbehandling för klarlackat trä som syftar till att öka UV-beständigheten av träprodukter för utomhusbruk. Arbetet syftar även till att utveckla systemet till att bli miljövänligare än nuvarande liknande produkter på marknaden. Förbehandlingen utnyttjar primära epoxidgrupper hos den reaktiva UV-absorbenten 2-hydroxy-4(2,3-epoxy­propoxy)-bensofenon (HEPBP) för att skapa kovalenta bindningar till hydroxylgrupper hos träet. Den andra komponenten i systemet är förnyelsebar epoxiderad sojaolja (ESBO) innehållande sekundära epoxidgrupper som även dessa kan binda kovalent till träytan, samt gynna kompatibiliteten mellan de två reaktanterna. Oljan verkar dessutom öka flexibiliteten av förbehandlingen, samtidigt som den minskar mängden vatten som tränger in i cellväggen. Studien utfördes i två delar där den första delen fokuserade enbart på att utveckla förbehandlingen, medan den andra delen utnyttjade information från den första delen för att utvärdera funktionen av förbehandlingen i kombination med en akrylatbaserad klarlack. Ympningsreaktionerna utfördes på tunna träfaner i uppvärmd lösning. I första delen studerades hur temperatur- och reaktionstidsförändringar påverkar den slutgiltiga prestationen av förbehandlingen, och FTIR användes då för att verifiera ympningen. Resultaten visar att ympningen var lyckad för reaktioner utförda vid reaktionstemperaturer över 90 °C. För del två ansågs ympningen lyckad för både dopp- och kokreaktionen, vilket tyder på att betydligt kortare reaktionstider skulle kunna användas. Prover från både del ett och två utsattes sedan för accelererad åldring där färgförändringen av proverna mättes för att uppskatta UV-resistensen av behandlingarna. Första delen visade på ökad UV-beständighet för vissa av behandlingarna. Del två var dock svårare att utvärdera till följd av klarlacken, men en liten förbättring kan noteras för prover som är förbehandlade. En positiv notering från del två är även att adhesionen mellan klarlacken och träytan inte verkar ha påverkats av förbehandlingen. Med detta som grund dras slutsatsen att den föreslagna förbehandlingen kan förbättra UV-resistensen av klarlackat trä för utomhusbruk. / QC 20120330

No description available.

Background: Cellular cardiomyoplasty is the method of transplanting myogenic cells into injured myocardium to restore the lost heart muscle cells and to improve ventricular function. Method: Three patients, all with a history of coronary heart disease, underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and implantation of autologous satellite cells. A muscle biopsy of 2-4 g from the right vastus lateralis muscle was obtained for satellite cell (myogenic stem cell from skeletal muscle) isolation and proliferation before implanted into the donor's heart. The cells were suspended in serum-free medium and injected into 30-40 sites at and around the ischemic areas just before reversing the hypothermic cardioplegia to eliminate arrhythmia and to improve retention. After recovery, each patient was maintained at the intensive care unit for 3-4 days with ECG monitoring before transferring to the patient floor. Results: All patients survived the procedure with an uneventful recovery and were discharged from the hospital. At 3-4 months follow-up examination, increased left ventricular ejection fraction of 11% (35-46%), 5.4% (40-45.4%) and 1% (40-41%) and decreased left ventricular diastolic diameter of 4, 2 and 9 mm were observed for the patients, respectively. Arrhythmia was not detected during the follow-up evaluation by ECG. Improved perfusion (99mTC-MIBI) and increased metabolic activity (18F-deoxyglucose) were found at the sites of satellite cell implantation. Significant increase of wall thickness and movement at the areas of cell injection was also observed using 2D-echo. Conclusion: Cellular cardiomyoplasty using autologous satellite cells is a safe procedure with encouraging beneficial outcomes in patients.

Abstract: Mesoporous amino-functionalized adsorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture were synthesized by grafting and sol–gel methods. The silsesquioxane obtained by polycondensation of bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl]amine without a cross-linker had the highest amount of surface amino groups. Their content was 8.4 times higher than in the grafted material prepared with the same precursor. All obtained materials were tested in CO2 reversible adsorption from a gas stream. The bridged silsesquioxane adsorbent had the adsorption capacity 4.7 times higher than the grafted sample obtained from the same precursor. Porosity study of this material revealed wide pore size distribution with notable fraction of macropores. The nature of adsorbed species was determined from the FTIR spectrum after adsorption. It was found that CO2 formed carbamate and bicarbonate species on the surface.

Denna artikel försöker utveckla Sara Ahmeds forskning om fenomenologi för att inkludera en fenomenologisk separation av kropp och hud för att förstå pågående kolonialism i Australien/Country. Det hävdas att kolonisatörens misstro till den koloniserade personens kunskapsproduktionen har lett till att kolonisatören har skapat en imaginär grundläggande nationsberättelse. Det hävdas vidare att kolonialismen kommer att fortsätta fram tills att kolonisatören kan skapa en verklig grundläggande nationsberättelse och i sin tur kan detta inte ske förrän den koloniserade personens kunskapsproduktion erkänns. / This paper is attempting to develop Sara Ahmed’s research on phenomenology to include a phenomenological separation of body and skin in order to understand ongoing colonialism in Australia/Country. It is argued that coloniser rejection of colonisee knowledge production has led to a coloniser imaginary foundational narrative. Further, it is argued, colonialism cannot come to an end until the coloniser can create a real foundational narrative and, in turn, this cannot occur until colonisee knowledge production is acknowledged.

Catalysis, which is primarily a molecular phenomenon, is an important field of chemistry because it requires the chemical conversion of molecules into other molecules. It also has an effect on many fields, including, but not limited to, industry, environment and life Science[1]. Surface Organometallic Chemistry is an effective methodology for Catalysis as it imports the concept and mechanism of organometallic chemistry, to surface science and heterogeneous catalysis. So, it bridges the gap between homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis[1]. The aim of the present research work is to study the effect of Nitrogen surface ligands on the activity of Alkane, Propane in particular, metathesis. Our approach is based on the preparation of selectively well-defined group (VI) transition metal complexes supported onto mesoporous materials, SBA15 and bearing amido and/or imido ligands. We choose nitrogen ligands because, according to the literature, they showed in some cases better catalytic properties in homogenous catalysis in comparison with their oxygen counterparts[2]. The first section covers the modification of a highly dehydroxylated SBA15 surface using a controlled ammonia treatment. These will result in the preparation of two kind of Nitrogen surface ligands: - One with vicinal silylamine/silanol, (≡SiNH2)(≡SiOH), noted [N,O]SBA15 and, - Another one with vicinal bis-silylamine moieties (≡SiNH2)2, noted [N,N]SBA15[3]. The second section covers the reaction of Schrock type Tungsten Carbyne [W(≡C- tBu)(CH2-tBu)3] with those N-surface ligands and their characterizations by FT-IR, multiple quantum solid state NMR (1H, 13C), elemental analysis and gas phase analysis. The third section covers the generation of the active site, tungsten hydride species. Their performance toward propane metathesis reaction using the dynamic reactor technique PID compared toward previous well-known catalysts supported on silica oxide or mesoporous materials[4]. A fairly good turn over number (TON = 43) has been obtained following hydrogen treatment of tungsten alkylidyne supported on [N,O] SBA151100, in comparison with TON of zero in the obtained with [N,N] SBA15 and classical SiO2 silica support. Therefore, the cooperation between silylamine and silanol in close vicinity are required to improve the efficiency of the catalyst in the metathesis of propane.

Les nanoparticules de fluorures dopées avec des ions lanthanides ont connu un développement croissant ces dernières années. Elles présentent en effet des propriétés optiques d’upconversion remarquables et très intéressantes pour de multiples applications allant du photovoltaïque à l’imagerie médicale. Dans cette thèse, on a élaboré des nanobâtonnets de NaYF4 dopés Yb/Er/Gd, aux propriétés d’émission optimisées. Leur alignement par un champ électrique a ensuite été étudié, nous permettant de tirer parti de leur anisotropie et des propriétés physiques en découlant : biréfringence et luminescence polarisée.Les nanocristaux sont synthétisés par voie solvothermale, à haute température (200 °C) et sous haute pression (20 bars). Leur morphologie et leur structure cristalline sont contrôlées par un choix approprié des paramètres de synthèse comme le dopage en gadolinium ou les conditions de chauffage. A l’issue de la synthèse, l’état d’agrégation des particules de NaYF4 produites limite leur dispersion dans les solvants organiques usuels. Une fonctionnalisation bien spécifique avec des ligands possédant des groupements carboxylate ou phosphonate se révèle alors indispensable. Le greffage des particules avec un ion citrate ou une molécule d’alendronate permet d’obtenir des suspensions colloïdales très stables dans le DMSO. Par ailleurs, la réactivité de l’amine porté par l'alendronate nous a permis de greffer une deuxième molécule active : une rhodamine B, un colorant test, ainsi qu’un cristal liquide cyanobiphényl à tête carboxylique. Grâce à cette fonctionnalisation, de nouveaux matériaux hybrides organo-minéraux ont été développés. La réponse électro-optique des suspensions colloïdales soumises à un champ électrique haute fréquence suit une loi de type effet Kerr, avec une relation quadratique entre la biréfringence induite et l’amplitude du champ appliqué. Les constantes de Kerr sont de l’ordre de 10 8 m/V2 en cohérence avec ce qui a été observé sur d’autres systèmes. La biréfringence observée est majoritairement induite par la structure cristalline anisotrope des particules. Le mécanisme de réorientation de nos particules sous champ est largement dominé par la polarisation de leur nuage électronique. Une luminescence polarisée est finalement décrite, ouvrant la voie à l’usage des nanobâtonnets de NaYF4 comme sondes d’orientation dans des systèmes biologiques ou au sein de fluides en écoulement. / Fluorides nanoparticles doped with lanthanides have seen an increase in interest the last years. They offer outstanding optical properties with a very attractive upconversion for multiple applications from photovoltaics to medical imaging. In this work, we use NaYF4 nanorods doped with Yb/Er/Gd and optimized emission properties. Their alignment by an electric field allows us to access their anisotropic physical properties like polarized luminescence and birefringence.Nanocrystals are synthesized by a hydrothermal route, at high temperature (200 °C) and high pressure (20 bar). Morphology and crystalline structure can be controlled by varying gadolinium doping and heating conditions. At the end of the synthesis, the aggregation of the particles limits their dispersion in all common organic solvents. A particular functionalization with ligands having carboxylate or phosphonate functions is shown to be necessary. The grafting of particles with ions like citrate or alendronate allows to obtain very stable colloidal suspensions in DMSO. Furthermore, the reactivity of the amine function carried by alendronate enables us to graft a second active dye like rhodamine B or a cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal with a carboxylic group. New organo-mineral materials can be produced with this functionalization. The electro-optical response of colloidal suspensions submitted to a high-frequency electric field follows the Kerr law, with a quadratic relation between induced birefringence and the amplitude of the applied field. The system exhibits Kerr constants of the order of 108 m/V2, in agreement with the literature. The birefringence is induced by the anisotropic crystalline structure of the colloid, not by its shape. The mechanism of reorientation of colloids under an electric field is widely dominated by the polarization of their ionic cloud. A polarized luminescence is finally described, which will allow the use of NaYF4 nanorods as orientation probes in biological systems or fluid flows.

Introduction: The palate is a well-established donor site for obtaining graft tissue in periodontal plastic surgery procedures. However, proximity to the adjacent teeth on the lateral aspect and the greater palatine neurovascular bundle (GPB) on the medial aspect limit the amount of graft tissue that can be obtained from the palate. Previous studies have been concerned with the location of the greater palatine foramen as well as the greater palatine artery (GPA) and have established guidelines on how to estimate the distance between the teeth and the GPB. Traditionally, clinicians follow these guidelines and choose to avoid removing graft tissue in the area close to the GPB out of fear of possible complications such as hemorrhaging and paresthesias. Objectives: The purpose of the present investigation is to locate the position of the greater palatal artery (GPA) in relation to surrounding anatomical landmarks and determine if the tissue thickness covering the GPA is sufficient to permit gingival grafts to be obtained in the area close to the GPB. Materials and methods: Cadaver dissections were performed on a total of ten (n=10) cadaver hemifaces of which 7 were partially and 3 were completely edentulous. From the greater palatine foramen to the incisive foramen, the palatal tissues of the cadavers were dissected into vertical slices of 3 mm in width perpendicular to the median palatine raphe using a double bladed scalpel. On each tissue slice, the distance from the epithelial surface to the superior border of the vessel, the diameter of the vessel, the distance from the inferiorborder of the vessel to the palatal bone, the distance from median palatine raphe to the GPA and the distance from teeth or midline of the alveolar crest to the GPA were measured using both a periodontal probe and a digital caliper. The measurements were correlated to each other, the angle of the palatal vault, an estimate of the palatal depth and the head length of the cadavers. Results: The mean thickness of the tissue above the GPA was 4.30 ± 1.61 mm with a range of 1.92 – 8.72 mm. The tissue thickness decreased consistently from the 3rd molar to the canine area with the thickest mean tissue being in the 2nd molar region with 6.25 ± 1.09 mm and shallowest mean tissue thickness in the region of the lateral incisor with 2.92 ± 0.46 mm. The mean distance of the GPA from the median palatine raphe is 10.34 ± 3.41mm ranging from 13.77 ± 1.67 mm to 6.02 ± 0.83 mm with the greatest distance being from the 3rd molar region and smallest distance being from the lateral incisor area. No statistically significant correlations were found between the angel of the palatal vault, the estimate of the palatal depth and the head length. A significant correlation (R2=0.92) was found between the total palatal tissue thickness and tissue thickness above the GPA. Discussion: There was adequate gingival tissue above the GPA to harvest tissue for free gingival grafts of 1 - 1.5 mm in thickness in the entire palate. Donor tissue for 1.5 mm thick connective tissue grafts with a 1.5 mm epithelial flap could be obtained opposing the 1st molar and posterior to it staying above the GPA. Donor site for palatal grafts can be extended in a medial and posterior direction.A Formula (Tissue Thickness above the GPA = (Total Thickness of palatal tissue - 0.967) x 0.9) has been derived, which accurately locates the GPA based on the thickness of the palatal tissue. Unique to this study were measurements from the median palatine raphe, which will provide the clinician with a new landmark to more reliably locate the GPA at various locations on the palate. Conclusion: This descriptive pilot study on human cadavers provides a formula to locate the GPA within the palate using the total palatal tissue thickness and suggests that graft tissue can be harvested from the tissue above the GPA in the entire palate for FGGs and opposing to the 1st molar and posterior to it for CTGs not exceeding 3 mm in depth.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13050号 / 論医博第2116号 / 新制||医||1017(附属図書館) / 33140 / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 長船 健二, 教授 福原 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM