Automatisierung und Standardisierung prägten in den letzten Dekaden die Entwicklung in allen maßgeblichen Industriezweigen. Den Anforderungen dieser Entwicklung muss sich auch die grafische Industrie stellen. Vielfältige Initiativen reflektieren diesen Prozess, allen voran die Durchsetzung der Anforderungen einer standardisierten Produktion nach ISO 12647 und die Entwicklung und Einführung des branchenweit einheitlichen Kommunikationsstandards für Produkt- und Prozessbeschreibungen in der grafischen Industrie, dem Job Definition Format (JDF). Eine maßgebliche Voraussetzung für die Automatisierung von Fertigungsprozessen ist eine eindeutige und technisch-abstrakte Beschreibung der Einzelprozesse, aus denen letztendlich die Prozessketten gebildet werden. Allerdings ist zu beobachten, dass die Entwicklung der Standards und Empfehlungen stark praxisorientiert, d.h. nach einer Bottom-Up-Methodik, erfolgt. Damit fließen zwar viele praktische Erfahrungen in die Standards ein, die Abstraktion erreicht aber nicht den Grad, der eine eindeutige Vorhersage über eine zumindest effektive Umsetzung eines Automatisierungsvorhabens zulässt. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert einen Ansatz, der es ermöglicht, die technologischen Hauptprozesse der grafischen Industrie auf eine abstrakt-mathematische Weise beschreiben zu können. Damit soll es möglich sein, Prozessketten über die relevanten Parameter so genau zu definieren, dass eine Effektivitätsaussage möglich ist. / During the last decades both automation and standardisation have had great impact to the development in all industries. The Graphic Industry must become able to meet these demands, too. Diverse initiatives are reflecting this process, mainly the implementation of the requirements of standardised production methods according to ISO 12647 as well as the development und introduction of the industry-wide communication standard for the description of products and processes in the Grapic Industry, known as the Job Definiton Format (JDF). One of the main conditions for the automation of production processes is the unambiguous and technical-abstract description of the single processes forming the process chain. However, it can be recognised that the development of both standards and recommendations are carried out in a practice-oriented way, i.e. using mainly bottom-up methods. Therefore on the one hand practical knowledge is introduced to the standards but, on the other hand, the degree of abstraction becomes not good enough for a clear prediction of the efficiency of the effects of the automation of a production process. The paper provides a basic approach for the description of the main technological processes of the Graphic Industry using abstract mathematical methods. Using this method it should be possible to describe process chains by the relevant parameters so that predictions about effectivity can be made.

The main objective of this thesis is the description of the current actions of European graphic industry to reduce the environmental impact. The revision of the current situation is carried out by reviewing European legislation, private and public initiatives, and actions taken within the national legislation of European Union. Thus, a description of the opportunities and challenges of the European graphic industry is implemented. Moreover, a study of implementation of practices to reduce environmental impact is carried out in a graphic company, called El Tinter. Results of this thesis indicate that the European graphic industry has developed a large number of innovations in order to ensure the sustainability of the industry, but there are remaining issues which require greater accomplishment. In conclusion, it is important to note that the overall environmental impact of the European graphic industry represents the addition of the individual impacts of stakeholders involved, so the final decrease depends on the sum of collective actions.

This work focuses on the description and characteristics of common problems which graphic designers face daily when working for advertising agencies. This work describes tasks and organises them according to the type of graphic being processed and the types of output. In addition, this work describes the ways these common tasks can be completed using modern graphics editing software. It also provides a practical definition of a graphic designer and graphic agency. The aim of this work is to map out the fundamental tasks with raster graphics which graphic designers must perform most frequently during their work and to suggest an optimal workflow. As a result, after collating all of the proposed solutions, a manual should take form. It should help to facilitate early stages of work for students who may hold the position of junior graphic designer within advertising agencies.

Las investigaciones recientes han demostrado que el estilo de liderazgo transformacional tiene mayor relevancia dentro de las empresas, debido a que ayuda mucho a crear un ambiente laboral adecuado para los trabajadores. Además, en los últimos años el crear una adecuada cultura organizacional en las empresas ha tomado mucha relevancia ya que, crea vínculos grupales con el fin de generar resultados óptimos. Cabe resaltar que hay diversas investigaciones donde mencionan la relación que existe entre la variable liderazgo transformacional y la variable cultura organizacional, ya que, si una se maneja de manera correcta y tiene éxito, la otra también lo tendrá. Por ello, la presente investigación busca analizar la influencia del liderazgo transformacional en la cultura organizacional de las microempresas del sector gráfico de Lima Centro. Para la presente investigación, el análisis se realizó mediante un estudio no experimental, con una muestra de 357 colaboradores de microempresas del sector gráfico de Lima Centro. Con relación a la prueba de hipótesis se utilizó la regresión lineal simple para el objetivo general, mientras que la regresión lineal múltiple se usó en los objetivos específicos. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que existe una relación entre las variables liderazgo transformacional y cultura organizacional, por lo que un adecuado manejo del liderazgo transformacional genera una correcta cultura organizacional. Dichos resultados son de vital importancia para los microempresarios del sector gráfico, ya que aportarán una mejor cultura empresarial por medio del correcto liderazgo de los dueños a fin de lograr el desarrollo próspero de sus negocios. / Recent research has shown the transformational leadership style is the most relevant within companies, because it helps a lot to create a suitable work environment for workers. In addition, in recent years creating an adequate organizational culture in companies has become very important since it creates group links in order to generate optimal results. It should be noted that there are various investigations where they mention the relationship between the transformational leadership variable and the organizational culture variable, since if one is handled correctly and is successful, the other will also be successful. For this reason, this research seeks to analyze the influence of transformational leadership on the organizational culture of microenterprises in the graphic sector of Lima Centro. For this research, the analysis was carried out by means of a non-experimental study, with a sample of 357 collaborators from micro-enterprises in the graphic sector of Lima Centro. Regarding the hypothesis test, simple linear regression was used for the general objective, while multiple linear regression was used for the specific objectives. The results obtained showed that there is a relationship between the variables transformational leadership and organizational culture, so that an adequate management of transformational leadership generates a correct organizational culture. These results are of vital importance for the microentrepreneurs of the graphic sector, since they will contribute a better business culture through the correct leadership of the owners in order to achieve the prosperous development of their businesses. / Tesis

El objeto de estudio del presente proyecto es DA.L.Q. GRAPHIC S.A.C. (Dagoberto Luna Quispe SAC). Empresa especializada en el rubro de impresión gráfica a nivel industrial. La problemática se centra en el proceso de Gestión de Producción y Operaciones en Planta, donde el empleo de herramientas físicas de gestión y actividades manuales son causal de demoras en la atención de los pedidos. Todo esto genera que los clientes reciban mal servicio debido al incumplimiento de fechas de entrega y retrasos (o ausencia) de comunicación del estado de sus pedidos. Nuestra propuesta de solución es un sistema web basado en tecnología Cloud que permite automatizar parte de las operaciones en planta y de, esta forma, agilizar el proceso para que el cliente reciba un mejor servicio. En primer lugar, para realizar el análisis del negocio, se emplea el marco de trabajo Zachman que, bajo su enfoque de arquitectura empresarial, permite analizar los procesos de la empresa desde un nivel macro hasta llegar al foco del problema. En segundo lugar, se realiza el análisis de requerimientos, requisitos y drivers que fueron la base para el planteamiento de la arquitectura de software. Las referencias del marco de trabajo UML y el modelo 4C son de mucha utilidad para el desarrollo de la sección. Finalmente, la guía de buenas prácticas del PMBOK® versión 6 es la base para llevar a cabo el capítulo de gestión del proyecto. / This project is based on DA.L.Q. GRAPHIC SAC. Company specialized in industrial graphic printing service. The main problem is focused on The Production and Plant Operations Management Process, where using physical management tools and manual activities are the cause of delays in orders attention. For this reason, the customers have a bad service feeling, because they cannot check their orders status. The solution proposal is a Cloud based web application that allows automating the process to improve the customer service. First of all, we use The Zachman Framework™ to do the business analysis. Its enterprise architecture let us to analyse the process from a macro level until find the problem origin. In second place, we did the requirement, requisites and drivers analysis, wich were the basis for the architecture proposal. Finally, the PMBOK® guide was the tool for the project management chapter. / Tesis