Background: The myriads of environmental and social predicaments that came together with the rise of energy consumption and global capitalism now calls for a radical paradigm shift. Though this shift has been discussed over the last few decades under the concept of “sustainable development”, it appears that the focus has merely been put on “sustaining the unsustainable”. Hence, exploring alternative sustainability paradigms and their viability appears as a necessity to navigate in the Anthropocene era.    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategies employed by Swedish ecovillages to achieve financial viability in the context of a strong sustainability paradigm. The focus is put on understanding how these organizations manage to avoid bankruptcy without compromising their values and purpose.    Method: This thesis is qualitative in nature and is based on an interpretivist paradigm. More specifically, the researchers followed the Grounded Theory approach proposed by Strauss & Corbin to analyze their data and find a plausible theory. Therefore, the theory introduced by the authors is rooted in the primary data collected through in-depth interviews with a total of six residents from three different Swedish ecovillages.   Conclusion: The results of this research shows that the Swedish ecovillages studied achieved financial viability by channeling money from the capitalist market economy to their communal economy, while simultaneously relying on their ideology and resources to prevent this money from “leaking out”.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore and explain the role of women- oriented communities as grassroots innovators operating in niches and supporting gender equality in the STEM industry. Special attention is given to the noticeable dual function of the communities, as on one hand exclusive and protected spaces operating within market niches and, on the other hand, as arenas for gaining momentum to accommodate social change.  Design/Methodology/Approach: This study uses a qualitative approach with a feministic perspective on reality. The collected data consist of six in-depth Zoom interviews with women engaged in women-oriented communities from four European countries.  Findings: Women-oriented communities’ mission is heavily driven by their individual motivations to bridge the gender gap in the STEM industry. They contribute to a more gender equal industry by empowering and educating women. The findings also illustrate that more actors need to be involved to achieve change towards equality.  Research limitations/implications for future research: This study has some limitations that warrant further research. First, the study had time constraints and a limited number of respondents. Second, the interviews were conducted over Zoom. Due to these limitations, the authors suggest further research directions that could provide more information about the current investigation.  Originality/value: There is a lack of research regarding the role of women-oriented communities and the issue of gender inequality in the STEM industry. The main value of this thesis is to fill in this research gap and contribute to a possible solution to gender inequality in the STEM industry. / Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska och förklara kvinnoorienterade forum i rollen som gräsrotsinnovatörer som verkar inom nischer och stödjer jämställdhet i STEM- branschen. Särskild uppmärksamhet ägnas åt forumens duala funktion som på ena sidan är exklusiva och skyddade utrymmen som verkar inom marknadsnischer och på andra sidan som arenor för att få drivkraft för att hantera en social förändring. Design/Metodik/Strategi: Den här studien har ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt med ett feministiskt perspektiv på verkligheten. Den samlade informationen består av sex djupgående Zoom-intervjuer med kvinnor som är engagerade i kvinnoorienterade forum från fyra europeiska länder.  Resultat: Kvinnoorienterade forums mission drivs starkt av deras individuella motivation för att överbrygga könsgapet i STEM-branschen. De bidrar till en mer jämställd bransch genom att stärka och utbilda kvinnor. Resultaten illustrerar också att fler aktörer behöver involveras för att uppnå förändring mot jämställdhet. Forskningsbegränsningar/implikationer för framtida forskning: Denna studie har vissa begränsningar som motiverar ytterligare forskning. För det första hade studien tidsbrist och begränsat antal respondenter. För det andra genomfördes intervjuerna över Zoom. På grund av dessa begränsningar, föreslår författarna ytterligare forskningsriktlinjer som kan ge mer information om den nuvarande undersökning.  Originalitet/värde: Det finns en brist på forskning om kvinnororienterade forums roll och om frågan gällande ojämlikhet mellan könen i STEM-branschen. Det huvudsakliga värdet av denna avhandling är att uppfylla denna forskningsklyfta och bidra till en möjlig lösning på ojämlikhet mellan könen i STEM-branschen.