This master’s thesis deals with analytical and numerical description of surface gravity waves. Wave theories and their influence on water particle movement is described in the theoretical part of the thesis. Water particle moves in the same direction as wave propagation and this phenomenon is called Stokes drift. It has a significant influence on sediment transport and floating particle movement at water free surface. The experimental part consists of wave profile monitoring and water particle tracking in a wave flume with wave generator and beach model. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulation performed in the ANSYS Fluent software. Finally, the wave profiles obtained from simulation are compared with experimental wave profiles extracted by digital image processing.

Atmospheric solar tides play an important role in the vertical transport of energy and momentum from the troposphere to the middle and upper atmosphere. They are primarily excited by the absorption of solar heating in the troposphere and stratosphere. The periods of solar tides are according to the harmonics of the diurnal solar radiation variations. While the diurnal and semidiurnal tides are relatively well investigated, the terdiurnal tide has gained less attention to date, especially with regard to its possible excitation mechanisms. These become more complex for higher harmonics because the direct solar forcing is smaller and further possible excitation mechanisms such as nonlinear tidal interactions, gravity wave-tide interactions or tidal-mean flow interactions come into play. The terdiurnal tide has been observed from various ground-based instruments and by remote sensing techniques, but these measurements only provide an overview of the total terdiurnal tide as a product of all forcing mechanisms. At present, it is not possible to measure the contribution from individual forcings. Therefore, numerical models provide a powerful tool to separate the different forcing mechanisms and to analyze their contribution and interplay. A few model studies exist about this topic but they do not provide a comprehensive picture, and they are partly contradicting. Possible reasons are the respective model features and setups or narrowly focused analyses. The terdiurnal gravity wave forcing, for example, has never been considered in these studies even though gravity waves are known to have a large impact on the middle atmosphere dynamics. To extend the knowledge of that topic, a nonlinear mechanistic global circulation model is used in this thesis. This is a comprehensive numerical study to investigate the relative importance of three different terdiurnal forcing mechanisms and their interplay, including the direct solar forcing, nonlinear tidal interactions and gravity wave-tide interactions. For the first time, the forcing terms itself are analyzed and quantified. Different tidal modes are correlated to identify tidal interactions. Model simulations are presented that show the contribution of individual forcings on the observed wave amplitude in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Finally, new coupling features between the different forcings are discovered that have not been reported before. All together, this modeling study is the most extensive and comprehensive analysis about the forcing mechanisms of the terdiurnal tide, and it helps to fill a significant gap in the understanding of wave propagation in the middle atmosphere.:Bibliographische Beschreibung Bibliographic Description Acronyms 1. Introduction 2. Terdiurnal Solar Tides 2.1. Review of the Climatology of Terdiurnal Tides 2.2. Forcing of Terdiurnal Tides 2.2.1. Theory of Forcing Mechanisms 2.2.2. Model Studies 2.3. Summary and Open Questions 3. The Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) 3.1. Overview 3.2. Numerical Properties 3.3. Dynamics 4. Climatology of the Terdiurnal Tide in MUAM 4.1. Amplitudes 4.2. Phases and Vertical Wavelengths 5. The Terdiurnal Forcing Mechanisms in MUAM 5.1. The Terdiurnal Forcing Terms – In-Situ Excitation 5.1.1. The Solar Forcing 5.1.2. The Gravity Wave Forcing 5.1.3. The Nonlinear Forcing 5.2. Nonlinear Tidal Interactions - Common Analysis Methods 5.2.1. The Wavelength Criterion 5.2.2. The Correlation Analysis 5.3. Propagating Terdiurnal Tides 5.3.1. The Removal of Excitation Mechanisms in a MUAM Simulation 5.3.2. Simulation Overview 5.3.3. Seasonal and Global Structure of the Terdiurnal Tide from Individual Forcing Mechanisms 5.3.4. Interactions Between Different Forcing Mechanisms 5.4. The Impact of Terdiurnal Forcing Terms on the Background Circulation 5.5. Summary of the Terdiurnal Forcing Mechanisms 6. Summary and Conclusion 7. Outlook References A. Appendix: MUAM Reference Simulation B. Appendix: MUAM Simulations with Removed Forcings Acknowledgements Curriculum Vitae Affirmation / Atmosphärische solare Gezeiten spielen eine bedeutende Rolle für den Vertikaltransport von Energie und Impuls aus der Troposphäre in die mittlere und obere Atmosphäre. Sie werden primär durch Absorption solarer Strahlung in der Troposphäre und Stratosphäre angeregt. Die Perioden der solaren Gezeiten entsprechen den harmonischen Anteilen der täglichen Variation solarer Strahlung. Während die täglichen und halbtägigen Gezeiten relativ gut erforscht sind, haben die dritteltägigen Gezeiten bisher weniger Aufmerksamkeit, insbesondere in Bezug auf ihre Anregungsmechanismen, auf sich gezogen. Diese werden für höhere harmoni-sche Anteile komplexer, da die solare Anregung geringer ist und weitere Anregungsmechanismen wie nichtlineare Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gezeiten untereinander, mit Schwerewellen oder mit der mittleren Strömung ins Spiel kommen. Die dritteltägigen Gezeiten wurden bereits vielfach von bodengebundenen Instrumenten und mit Fernerkundungsmethoden beobachtet, jedoch bieten diese Messungen lediglich einen Überblick über die gesamten dritteltägigen Gezeiten als Produkt aller Anregungsmechanismen. Bis heute ist es nicht möglich, die Beiträge einzelner Anregungen zu messen. Deshalb sind numerische Modelle ein mächtiges Werkzeug, diese verschiedenen Anregungen zu separieren und ihre Beiträge und ihr Zusammenspiel zu analysieren. Es gibt einige wenige Modellstudien zu diesem Thema, aber diese bieten kein umfassendes Bild und sind teilweise widersprüchlich. Mögliche Gründe sind die entsprechenden Modelleigenschaften und -einstellungen und die schmal fokussierte Analyse. So wurde z.B. die dritteltägige Schwerewellenanregung bisher nie in die Betrachtungen einbezogen, obwohl bekannt ist, dass Schwerewellen einen großen Einfluss auf die Zirkulation der mittleren Atmosphäre haben. Um das Wissen zu diesem Thema zu erweitern, wird in dieser Arbeit ein nichtlineares, mechanistisches, globales Zirkulationsmodell genutzt. Es handelt sich um eine umfassende numerische Studie, um die relative Wichtigkeit und das Zusammenspiel von drei dritteltägigen Anregungsmechanismen zu untersuchen: die direkte solare Anregung, nichtlineare Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gezeiten und Schwerewellen-Gezeiten-Wechselwirkungen. Zum ersten Mal werden die Anregungsterme selbst analysiert und quantifiziert. Verschiedene Gezeitenmoden werden korreliert, um Interaktionen zwischen Gezeiten zu identifizieren. Es werden Modellsimulationen vorgestellt, welche die Beiträge der einzelnen Anregungen zu den beobachteten Wellenamplituden in der Mesosphäre und unteren Thermosphäre zeigen. Schließlich werden neue Kopplungsmechanismen zwischen den verschiedenen Anregungen entdeckt, wovon zuvor noch nicht berichtet wurde. Zusammenfassend ist diese Modellstudie die aufwändigste und umfassendste Analyse zu den Anregungsmechanismen der dritteltägigen Gezeiten und sie hilft eine entscheidende Lücke zum Verständnis der Wellenausbreitung in der mittleren Atmosphäre zu füllen.:Bibliographische Beschreibung Bibliographic Description Acronyms 1. Introduction 2. Terdiurnal Solar Tides 2.1. Review of the Climatology of Terdiurnal Tides 2.2. Forcing of Terdiurnal Tides 2.2.1. Theory of Forcing Mechanisms 2.2.2. Model Studies 2.3. Summary and Open Questions 3. The Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) 3.1. Overview 3.2. Numerical Properties 3.3. Dynamics 4. Climatology of the Terdiurnal Tide in MUAM 4.1. Amplitudes 4.2. Phases and Vertical Wavelengths 5. The Terdiurnal Forcing Mechanisms in MUAM 5.1. The Terdiurnal Forcing Terms – In-Situ Excitation 5.1.1. The Solar Forcing 5.1.2. The Gravity Wave Forcing 5.1.3. The Nonlinear Forcing 5.2. Nonlinear Tidal Interactions - Common Analysis Methods 5.2.1. The Wavelength Criterion 5.2.2. The Correlation Analysis 5.3. Propagating Terdiurnal Tides 5.3.1. The Removal of Excitation Mechanisms in a MUAM Simulation 5.3.2. Simulation Overview 5.3.3. Seasonal and Global Structure of the Terdiurnal Tide from Individual Forcing Mechanisms 5.3.4. Interactions Between Different Forcing Mechanisms 5.4. The Impact of Terdiurnal Forcing Terms on the Background Circulation 5.5. Summary of the Terdiurnal Forcing Mechanisms 6. Summary and Conclusion 7. Outlook References A. Appendix: MUAM Reference Simulation B. Appendix: MUAM Simulations with Removed Forcings Acknowledgements Curriculum Vitae Affirmation

The ionosphere-thermosphere can be considered to a certain degree as a system, which is externally-driven by the extreme-ultraviolet solar radiation. The main components in the regular variation are connected to the solar cycle, solar rotation and the diurnal cycle. However, anomalies and periodicities of several days, which cannot be related to changes in the solar activity at all times, were detected in ionospheric parameters. It is assumed that the total variation in the ionosphere is partly forced by waves coming from below. This thesis provides a clearer picture of the seasonal changes of wave phenomena observed in the ionosphere and its possible relation to lower atmospheric structures. Since such global disturbances in the middle atmosphere are termed as planetary waves (PW), such features in the ionosphere are declared as planetary wave type oscillations (PWTO), although a direct connection is excluded.Northern hemispheric maps of the Total Electron Content (TEC) derived from GPS-signals that are currently used for monitoring the ionospheric F-region in relation to space weather provide a basis for investigating PWTO applying space-time analysis methods to separate stationary and traveling wave components from the data. Compared to analyses of PW obtained by regular stratospheric reanalyses the seasonal behavior and possible coexisting wave activities during the considered period of time (2002-2008) are presented. Such a climatological consideration has revealed that recurring events in the course of the solar cycle are rare, but it seems that the westward propagating quasi 16-day wave with zonal wavenumber 1, analysed from stratospheric MetO reanalyses, and the ionosphere are indirectly coupled. Generally, the correspondence of other components are restricted around the solar maximum 2002-2005. There are some suggestions, how the middle and upper atmosphere are connected by PW. Sounding of the middle atmosphere by remote sensing techniques from satellites (e.g. SABER on TIMED) deliver a suitable basis to investigate the coupling by the modulation of gravity waves (GW). By calculating the potential energy for a certain wave spectrum, characterized by vertical wavelength shorter than 6 km, and determining proxies of traveling waves permits to investigate a possible mechanism. The results reveal that GW partly penetrate the lower thermosphere carrying a modulation by PW. In some cases, especially during the first three winter, near solar maximum, stratospheric PW show a good correlation to indirect signals in the lower thermosphere and to PWTO in the ionospheric F-region near 300 km.

Gravitational-wave astronomy is an emerging field in observational astrophysics concerned with the study of gravitational signals proposed to exist nearly a century ago by Albert Einstein but only recently confirmed to exist. Such signals were theorized to result from astronomical events such as the collisions of black holes, but they were long thought to be too faint to measure on Earth. In recent years, the construction of extremely sensitive detectors—including the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) project—has enabled the first direct detections of these gravitational waves, corroborating the theory of general relativity and heralding a new era of astrophysics research. As a result of their extraordinary sensitivity, the instruments used to study gravitational waves are also subject to noise that can significantly limit their ability to detect the signals of interest with sufficient confidence. The detectors continuously record more than 200,000 time series of auxiliary data describing the state of a vast array of internal components and sensors, the environmental state in and around the detector, and so on. This data offers significant value for understanding the nearly innumerable potential sources of noise and ultimately reducing or eliminating them, but it is clearly impossible to monitor, let alone understand, so much information manually. The field of machine learning offers a variety of techniques well-suited to problems of this nature. In this thesis, we develop and present several machine learning–based approaches to automate the process of extracting insights from the vast, complex collection of data recorded by LIGO detectors. We introduce a novel problem formulation for transient noise detection and show for the first time how an efficient and interpretable machine learning method can accurately identify detector noise using all of these auxiliary data channels but without observing the noise itself. We present further work employing more sophisticated neural network–based models, demonstrating how they can reduce error rates by over 60% while also providing LIGO scientists with interpretable insights into the detector’s behavior. We also illustrate the methods’ utility by demonstrating their application to a specific, recurring type of transient noise; we show how we can achieve a classification accuracy of over 97% while also independently corroborating the results of previous manual investigations into the origins of this type of noise. The methods and results presented in the following chapters are applicable not only to the specific gravitational-wave data considered but also to a broader family of machine learning problems involving prediction from similarly complex, high-dimensional data containing only a few relevant components in a sea of irrelevant information. We hope this work proves useful to astrophysicists and other machine learning practitioners seeking to better understand gravitational waves, extremely complex and precise engineered systems, or any of the innumerable extraordinary phenomena of our civilization and universe.

The Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) is used to implement a modern whole atmosphere gravity wave (GW) parameterization (Yigit et al., 2008). To adjust the resulting model climatology to observations, we compare two different spectra of GW phase speeds and the related momentum fluxes included in this parameterization.The first spectrum, termed Spectrum1, which is more narrow, covers phase speeds up to ±80 m s−1 and the second one, Spectrum2, goes up to ±95 m s−1. We analyzed the zonal GW drag, the acceleration of the zonal mean flow owing to breaking GWs, and the resulting background circulation. We also examined zonal wind amplitudes of the diurnal and semidiurnal migrating solar tide. As a result, we find that both GW phase speed spectra have their advantages and disadvantages. For example, Spectrum1 reproduces the zonal wind reversal in the mesosphere correctly, but it does not lead to a reversed zonal GW drag in the lower thermosphere. While the amplitudes of the diurnal tide tend to be more realistic for Spectrum1, those of the semidiurnal tide are more representational for Spectrum2. Overall, the new GW parameterization is a substantial improvement to the MUAM model. / Das Modell für die mittlere und obere Atmosphäre (MUAM) wird für die Implementierung einer neuen Schwerewellenparametrisierung, die für die gesamte Atmosphäre geeignet ist, verwendet (Yigit et al., 2008). Um die Klimatologie des Modells basierend auf der neuen Parametrisierung an Beobachtungen anzupassen, werden zwei verschiedene Spektren für die Phasengeschwindigkeiten von Schwerewellen und deren Impulsflüsse verglichen. Das erste Spektrum, als Spectrum1 bezeichnet, das einen schmaleren Bereich von Phasengeschwindigkeiten abdeckt, geht bis zu ±80 m s−1 und das zweite, Spectrum2, geht bis zu ±95 m s−1. Wir analysieren die Beschleunigung des mittleren Zonalwindes durch brechende Schwerewellen und die daraus resultierende Hintergrundzirkulation. Wir untersuchen ebenfalls die Zonalwindamplituden der ganztägigen und halbtätigen migrierenden solaren Gezeiten. Das Ergebnis dieses Experiments zeigt, dass beide Phasengeschwindigkeitsspektren ihre Vor- sowie Nachteile haben. Beispielsweise reproduziert Spectrum1 die Umkehr des Zonalwindes in der Mesosphäre korrekt, jedoch führt es nicht zu einer umgekehrten zonalen Beschleunigung durch Schwerewellen in der Thermosphäre. Während die Amplituden der ganztägigen Gezeit bezüglich Spectrum1 wesentlich realistischer zu sein scheinen, sind jene der halbtägigen Gezeit bezüglich Spectrum2 repräsentativer. Insgesamt ist die neue Parameterisierung eine erhebliche Verbesserung des MUAM Modells.

La dynamique des écoulements géophysiques planétaires est fortement influencée par des processus physiques souvent non résolus par les modèles numériques de circulation générale. Il est essentiel de comprendre les mécanismes physiques sous-jacents pour paramétrer l’effet des petites échelles sur les grandes. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions un problème emblématique d’interactions entre ondes et écoulements moyens : la dynamique des écoulements zonaux forces par des ondes internes de gravite. Une manifestation remarquable de ces interactions est l’oscillation quasi-biennale (QBO) des vents équatoriaux dans l’atmosphère terrestre. Dans un premier temps, nous décrivons une transition vers le chaos dans un modèle quasi-linéaire classique du QBO. Nous montrons que ces bifurcations persistent dans des simulations numériques directes. A l’aune de ces résultats, nous proposons une interprétation de l’observation d’une rupture inattendue de la périodicité du QBO en 2016. Le mécanisme de génération d’écoulements moyens par les ondes dans les fluides stratifies nécessite la prise en compte d’effets dissipatifs. Il s’agit d’un phénomène analogue au "streaming" acoustique. Dans un second temps nous exploitons cette analogie en étudiant la génération d’écoulements moyens par les ondes internes proche d’une paroi, a l’aide d’approches asymptotiques multi échelles. Finalement, nous proposons une approche inertielle pour décrire l’émergence spontanée d’écoulements vorticaux en présence d’ondes : nous appliquons les outils de mécanique statistique pour calculer la partition d’énergie entre petites et grandes échelles dans le modèle d’eau peu profonde. / The dynamics of planetary-scale geophysical flows is strongly influenced by physicalprocesses, mostly unresolved by general circulation numerical models. To parametrisethe coupling between small and large scales, it is essential to understand the underlying physical mechanisms. In this thesis, we study an emblematic problem of interactions between waves and mean flows: the dynamics of zonal flows forced by internal gravity waves. A striking manifestation of these interactions is the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of equatorial winds in the Earth’s atmosphere. First, we describe a transition to chaos in a classical quasilinear model of the QBO and show that these bifurcations persist in direct numerical simulations. Based on these results, we suggest an interpretation for the observation of the unexpected periodicity disruption of the QBO in 2016. The mechanism by which mean flows are generated by waves in stratified fluids requires the consideration of dissipative effects. This phenomenon is analogous to acoustic "streaming". In a second time, we exploit this analogy to study the generation of mean flows by internal gravity waves close to a wall, using multi-scale asymptotic approaches. Finally, we propose an inertial approach to describe the spontaneous emergence of vortical flows in the presence of waves: we apply the tools of statistical mechanics to calculate the partition of energy between small and large scales in the shallow-water model.

<p>The MIUU mesoscale model was further developed, in order to include information on large-scale atmospheric fields from global or regional atmospheric climate- and weather-prediction models. For this purpose, a new lateral boundary condition was developed and implemented into the model. The new lateral boundary condition is a combination of two existing conditions, namely the flow relaxation scheme and the tendency modification scheme.</p><p>Tests indicated that an optimum lateral boundary configuration would be obtained with moderate to strong flow relaxation at higher levels, small flow relaxation at lower levels (within the atmospheric boundary layer), upstream advection at the outermost 4 grid points, and 6% horizontal grid stretching starting at a substantial distance from the lateral boundaries. The flow relaxation coefficients should be specified carefully, in order to minimize the reflection of all kinds of waves at the lateral boundaries.</p><p>The summer thermal low in the mean-sea-level pressure field over North America is traditionally analyzed over the northern end of the Gulf of California. The position of this low is influenced by the application of the so-called plateau correction in obtaining mean-sea-level pressure values from highly elevated stations in North America. A model study indicated that the low should be located approximately 450 km to the north and somewhat to the east of the above location. </p><p>A statistical comparison of model results from two mesoscale models against upper-air and surface measurements from several sites was carried out. Statistical methods, however, give only an insufficient picture of overall model performance. A comparison between predicted and measured tracer concentrations could be used to better evaluate the overall performance of different models.</p><p>Sound propagation in the atmosphere was predicted in a mountain valley using a mesoscale atmospheric model together with a sound propagation model. This suggests that forecasts of sound propagation should be possible in future.</p>

The MIUU mesoscale model was further developed, in order to include information on large-scale atmospheric fields from global or regional atmospheric climate- and weather-prediction models. For this purpose, a new lateral boundary condition was developed and implemented into the model. The new lateral boundary condition is a combination of two existing conditions, namely the flow relaxation scheme and the tendency modification scheme. Tests indicated that an optimum lateral boundary configuration would be obtained with moderate to strong flow relaxation at higher levels, small flow relaxation at lower levels (within the atmospheric boundary layer), upstream advection at the outermost 4 grid points, and 6% horizontal grid stretching starting at a substantial distance from the lateral boundaries. The flow relaxation coefficients should be specified carefully, in order to minimize the reflection of all kinds of waves at the lateral boundaries. The summer thermal low in the mean-sea-level pressure field over North America is traditionally analyzed over the northern end of the Gulf of California. The position of this low is influenced by the application of the so-called plateau correction in obtaining mean-sea-level pressure values from highly elevated stations in North America. A model study indicated that the low should be located approximately 450 km to the north and somewhat to the east of the above location. A statistical comparison of model results from two mesoscale models against upper-air and surface measurements from several sites was carried out. Statistical methods, however, give only an insufficient picture of overall model performance. A comparison between predicted and measured tracer concentrations could be used to better evaluate the overall performance of different models. Sound propagation in the atmosphere was predicted in a mountain valley using a mesoscale atmospheric model together with a sound propagation model. This suggests that forecasts of sound propagation should be possible in future.

Jetströmmar betyder mycket för meteorologer och fungerar som ett hjälpmedel för prognostisering av lågtryck. Kvadrantmodellen för jetströmsstråk beskriver hur det kan bildas lågtryck och konvergens vid marknivå på olika sidor om jetströmmen. Jetströmmar är också av betydelse för flygtrafiken, eftersom man kan spara tid och bränsle genom att flyga in i – eller genom att inte flyga in i – en jetström. Det är känt att jetströmmar ibland kan ge upphov till klarluftsturbulens (CAT), och studier har visat att turbulensen ofta är associerade med stabilt stratifierade zoner i närheten av jetströmmen. Denna studie börjar med en teoridel där jetströmmars uppkomst och kvadrantmodellen redogörs. Teoridelen fortsätter med en kort beskrivning av hur jetströmmar påverkar flygtrafiken och vad det finns för system som varnar för farliga fenomen som är kopplade till jetströmmarna. Det tas även upp att flygturbulensen som upplevs av flygplan inte nödvändigtvis orsakas av termisk eller mekanisk turbulens, utan även kan orsakas av stående vågor. I arbetets senare del görs en fallstudie på två jetströmmar som gav upphov till kraftig flygturbulens under januari månad 2011. Från sonderingsdata beräknades Scorer-parametern och Richardsons tal för att se om dessa värden kunde relateras till flygturbulensen. Resultatet visade att Richardsons tal aldrig föll under 0.25 och antyder därför att det inte fanns någon fullt utvecklad turbulens. Vågor i luften kan därför vara en förklaring till flygturbulensen. Resultatet visade också att Scorer-parametern antog lokala minima och hade tydligare relation till flygturbulensen än Richardsons tal vad gäller flygturbulensens position i höjdled. / Jet streams are useful as a tool for meteorologist to make forecasts of low pressure areas. The four quadrant model describing jet streaks reveals how lows and convergence could form over ground levels on different sides of a jet streak. Jet streams are also of great importance for the aviation industry, as one could save time and fuel by flying into – or by not flying into – a jet stream. It is known that the jet streams sometimes can induce Clear Air Turbulence (CAT), and studies have shown that the turbulence is often associated with stable stratified layers in the vicinity of the jet stream. This study starts with a theory section describing the cause of jet streams and the four quadrant model. The theory section continues with a description of why jet streams could be a hazard for airplanes, and also a description of existing reporting and warning systems that are used to prevent pilots from flying into dangerous phenomena. In this section, it is also emphasized that in-flight turbulence not necessarily is a result of thermal or mechanical turbulence, but could also be induced by standing waves in the atmosphere. The latter part of this report is a case study of two jet streaks that was the cause of severe in-flight turbulence in January 2011. The Scorer parameter and the Richardson number were computed using data from atmospheric soundings. The results show that the Richardson number never fell below 0.25, suggesting that there were no fully-developed turbulence. Waves in the air could therefore be an alternative explanation to the reported in-flight turbulence. The results also show that the Scorer parameter had local minima on the levels where the in-flight turbulence occurred. In contrast to this, the Richardson number had no apparent relation to the position of the reported turbulence.

The Nocturnal Boundary Layer (NBL) turbulent structure above Pantanal Mato-Grossense, under the influence of low-level jets (LLJ) and gravity waves (GW), is investigated. Experimental data obtained during the Interdisciplinary Pantanal Experiment (IPE) dry season (IPE-2), and wet season (IPE-3), carried out between 07th and 22th September, 1999, and 16th and 28th February, 2002, respectively, according to database from Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, city of Corumbá. Radiosonde data have been used to identify LLJ presence and classify them as: type 1 LLJ (jet associated to the sheltering surface) and type-2 LLJ (jet which causes upside-down mixture). In addition to the radiosonde data, fast response data (wind velocity components, temperature and humidity), measured from a 25m high micrometeorological tower, at 16Hz (IPE- 2) and 8Hz (IPE-3) samples were used. These fast response data were then decomposed in time and scale via Wavelet Transform (WT), with complex Morlet mother wavelet. From the phase difference between the wind velocity s vertical component (w) and temperature (T), obtained through wavelet s cross spectrum, the presence of GW (phase difference near to 90º criterion) were detected. The next step was to establish categories to analyse Pantanal NBL characteristic state phenomena, which were based on LLJ, GW and length groups of occurrence. Such groups are: type 1 LLJ, type 2 LLJ, no LLJ, with GW and no GW. From the amount of data of each group, statistic parameters (variance, skewness, adimensional kurtosis, correlation coefficients and covariances) were estimated by scale, in order to investigate the Pantanal NBL turbulence structure and its variability in scale under the action of each of these groups. It was noticed that, above all groups, type 1 LLJ is the most global intermittence provocative forcing in all micrometeorological series of data in Pantanal. On the other hand, type 2 LLJ is the less global intermittence provocative forcing. With GW group shows an intermediate behavior between groups type 1 LLJ and type 2 LLJ when considering global intermittence promotion. The length scales 0.4m to 5000m were resolved in this study. It was also noticed that Pantanal NBL shows two scale bands with remarkable different characteristics due to predominant distinct forcings in it. For the first length scale band it prevails a mechanical force in the statistical parameters behavior, to all groups and in both seasons. For the second length scale band it prevents the action of buoyancy forces and mesoscale effects in the statistical parameters behavior in Pantanal. As a result, it predominate stable conditions in the dry season; in the wet season, however, NBL may present as a slightly unstable layer, due to a bigger water heat capacity and its ability to behave as a energy sink during the day and heat source during the night. The early evening transition period clearly shows a stable behavior to the dry season and unstable to the wet season. / Investiga-se a estrutura da turbulência na Camada Limite Noturna (CLN) acima do Pantanal Mato-Grossense sob a influência de jatos de baixo nível (JBN s) e ondas de gravidade (OG s). Os dados experimentais são provenientes do Experimento Interdisciplinar do Pantanal (IPE), na estação seca (IPE-2), realizado no período entre 07 e 22 de Setembro de 1999, e na estação inundada (IPE-3), realizado no período entre 16 e 28 de Fevereiro de 2002, na base de estudos da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, no município de Corumbá. Utilizaram-se dados de radiossondagens para identificar a presença e classificar os JBN s como: JBN tipo 1 (jato associado à blindagem da superfície) e JBN tipo 2 (jato que promove mistura de cima para baixo). Além dos dados de radiossondagem, utilizaram-se dados de resposta rápida (componentes da velocidade do vento, temperatura e umidade) medidos em torre micrometeorológica de 25m de altura a uma taxa de amostragem de 16Hz (IPE-2) e 8Hz (IPE-3). Os dados de resposta rápida foram decompostos em tempo e escala via Transformada em Ondeletas (TO), com ondeleta-mãe complexa de Morlet. A partir da diferença de fase entre a componente vertical da velocidade do vento (w) e temperatura (T), obtida através do espectro cruzado de ondeleta, detectou-se a presença de OG s (critério de diferenças de fase próximas de 90º).A partir disso estabeleceram-se categorias para análise de fenômenos característicos do estado da CLN pantaneira, as quais, se basearam em classes de ocorrência de JBN, de OG e duração das mesmas. As classes são: com JBN tipo 1, com JBN tipo 2, sem JBN, com OG e sem OG. A partir do conjunto de dados de cada classe, foram estimados parâmetros estatísticos (variâncias, skewnesses, curtoses adimensionais, coeficientes de correlação e covariâncias), por escala, para investigar a estrutura da turbulência na CLN do Pantanal e sua variabilidade em escala sob a ação de cada uma dessas classes. Observouse que o JBN tipo 1, entre todas as classes, é o forçante que mais promove intermitência global nas séries de dados micrometeorológicos do Pantanal. Por outro lado, a classe JBN tipo 2 é o forçante que menos promove intermitência global. A classe com OG apresenta um comportamento intermediário entre as classes JBN tipo 1 e JBN tipo 2 na promoção de intermitência global. Foram resolvidas escalas de comprimento de 0,4m até 5000m. Observou-se, também, que a CLN do Pantanal apresenta duas bandas de escalas com características marcadamente diferentes devido aos forçantes distintos predominantes nas mesmas. Para a primeira banda de escalas de comprimento predomina a ação mecânica no comportamento dos parâmetros estatísticos, para todas as classes e nas duas estações. Para a segunda banda de escalas de comprimento predomina a ação das forças de flutuabilidade e efeitos de mesoescala no comportamento dos parâmetros estatísticos no Pantanal. Como consequência disto, na estação seca predominam condições estáveis e na estação inundada, a CLN pode apresentar-se como uma camada levemente instável, devido a maior capacidade térmica da água e de sua capacidade de comportar-se como sumidouro de energia durante o dia e fonte de calor durante a noite. O período de transição tarde-noite demonstra claramente um comportamento estável para a estação seca e instável para a estação inundada.