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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
771

Gravity analyses for the crustal structure and subglacial geology of West Antarctica, particularly beneath Thwaites Glacier

Diehl, Theresa Marie, 1981- 15 October 2012 (has links)
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is mostly grounded in broad, deep basins (down to 2.5 km below sea level) that are stretched between five crustal blocks. The geometry of the bedrock, being mostly below sea level, induces a fundamental instability in the WAIS through the possibility of runaway grounding line retreat. The crustal environment of the WAIS further influences the ice sheet’s fast flow through conditions at the ice-bedrock boundary. This study focuses on understanding the WAIS by examining the subglacial geology (such as volcanoes and sedimentary basins) at the icebedrock boundary and the continent’s deeper crustal structure- primarily using airborne gravity anomalies. The keystone of this study is a 2004-2005 aerogeophysical survey over one of the most negative mass balance glaciers on the continent: Thwaites Glacier (TG). The gravity anomalies derived from this dataset- as well as gravity-based modeling and spectral crustal boundary depth estimates- reveal a heterogeneous crustal environment beneath the glacier. The widespread Mesozoic rifting observed in the Ross Sea Embayment (RSE) of West Antarctica extends beneath TG, where the crust is ~27 km thick and cool. Adjacent to TG, spectrally-derived shallow Moho depths for the Marie Byrd Land (MBL) crustal block can be explained by thermal support from warm mantle. I assemble here new compilations of free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies across West Antarctica (from both airborne and satellite datasets) and re-interpret the extents of West Antarctic crustal block and their boundaries with the rift system. Airy isostatic gravity anomalies reveal that TG is relatively sediment starved, in contrast to the sediment-rich RSE. TG’s fast flow velocities could be sustained in this sediment poor environment if higher heat flux in MBL was providing an ample source of subglacial melt water to the glacier. The isostatic anomalies also indicate that TG’s outlet rests on a bedrock sill that will impede future grounding line retreat (up to ~100 km) and temporarily stabilize the glacier. / text
772

Teorias f(R) de gravidade na formula??o de Palatini

Oliveira, Thiago Bruno Rafael de Freiras 01 July 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoBRFO_DISSERT.pdf: 776732 bytes, checksum: 79a4002c3c2d724d3d1651680816802b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this dissertation, after a brief review on the Einstein s General Relativity Theory and its application to the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological models, we present and discuss the alternative theories of gravity dubbed f(R) gravity. These theories come about when one substitute in the Einstein-Hilbert action the Ricci curvature R by some well behaved nonlinear function f(R). They provide an alternative way to explain the current cosmic acceleration with no need of invoking neither a dark energy component, nor the existence of extra spatial dimensions. In dealing with f(R) gravity, two different variational approaches may be followed, namely the metric and the Palatini formalisms, which lead to very different equations of motion. We briefly describe the metric formalism and then concentrate on the Palatini variational approach to the gravity action. We make a systematic and detailed derivation of the field equations for Palatini f(R) gravity, which generalize the Einsteins equations of General Relativity, and obtain also the generalized Friedmann equations, which can be used for cosmological tests. As an example, using recent compilations of type Ia Supernovae observations, we show how the f(R) = R ? fi/Rn class of gravity theories explain the recent observed acceleration of the universe by placing reasonable constraints on the free parameters fi and n. We also examine the question as to whether Palatini f(R) gravity theories permit space-times in which causality, a fundamental issue in any physical theory [22], is violated. As is well known, in General Relativity there are solutions to the viii field equations that have causal anomalies in the form of closed time-like curves, the renowned G?del model being the best known example of such a solution. Here we show that every perfect-fluid G?del-type solution of Palatini f(R) gravity with density and pressure p that satisfy the weak energy condition + p 0 is necessarily isometric to the G?del geometry, demonstrating, therefore, that these theories present causal anomalies in the form of closed time-like curves. This result extends a theorem on G?del-type models to the framework of Palatini f(R) gravity theory. We derive an expression for a critical radius rc (beyond which causality is violated) for an arbitrary Palatini f(R) theory. The expression makes apparent that the violation of causality depends on the form of f(R) and on the matter content components. We concretely examine the G?del-type perfect-fluid solutions in the f(R) = R?fi/Rn class of Palatini gravity theories, and show that for positive matter density and for fi and n in the range permitted by the observations, these theories do not admit the G?del geometry as a perfect-fluid solution of its field equations. In this sense, f(R) gravity theory remedies the causal pathology in the form of closed timelike curves which is allowed in General Relativity. We also examine the violation of causality of G?del-type by considering a single scalar field as the matter content. For this source, we show that Palatini f(R) gravity gives rise to a unique G?deltype solution with no violation of causality. Finally, we show that by combining a perfect fluid plus a scalar field as sources of G?del-type geometries, we obtain both solutions in the form of closed time-like curves, as well as solutions with no violation of causality / Nesta disserta??o, ap?s uma breve revis?o sobre a Teoria da Relatividade Geral de Einstein e suas aplica??es para os modelos cosmol?gicos de Friedmann-Lemaitre- Robertson-Walker (FLRW), apresentamos e discutimos as teorias alternativas de gravidade denominadas de gravidade f(R). Estas teorias surgem quando substitu?mos na a??o de Einstein-Hilbert o escalar de curvatura de Ricci R por qualquer fun??o f(R) n?o-linear bem comportada. Elas fornecem uma maneira alternativa para explicar a acelera??o c?smica atual sem necessitar envolver qualquer componente de energia escura ou a exist?ncia de dimens?es espaciais extras. Quando lidamos com gravidade f(R), dois diferentes princ?pios variacionais podem ser seguidos, a saber, o formalismo m?trico e o de Palatini, os quais levam a equa??es de movimento muito diferentes. Descrevemos brevemente o formalismo m?trico e ent?o nos concentramos no princ?pio variacional de Palatini para a a??o da gravidade. Fazemos uma deriva??o sistem?tica e detalhada das equa??es de campo para a gravidade f(R) de Palatini, as quais generalizam as equa??es de Einstein da Relatividade Geral. Em seguida obtemos as equa??es de Friedmann generalizadas, que podem ser usadas para testes cosmol?gicos. Para exemplificar, usamos compila??es recentes de observa??es de supernovas do tipo Ia e mostramos como a classe de teorias de gravidade f(R) = R ? /Rn explica a recente acelera??o observada do universo quando colocamos v?nculos razo?veis sobre os par?metros livres e n. Examinamos tamb?m a quest?o de como teorias f(R) de gravidade em Palatini permitem espa?os-tempos em que a causalidade, um resultado fundamental em qualquer teoria f?sica [22], ? violada. Como ? bem conhecido, na Relatividade Geral existem solu??es para as equa??es de campo que possuem anomalias causais na forma de curvas tipo-tempo fechadas, sendo o modelo de G?del o exemplo mais bem conhecido de tais solu??es. Aqui mostramos que toda solu??o do tipo-G?del de gravidade f(R) em Palatini com fluido perfeito, caracterizado por densidade e press?o p, satisfazendo a condi??o de energia fraca + p 0, ? necessariamente isom?trica ? geometria de G?del, demonstrando, portanto, que essas teorias apresentam anomalias causais na forma de curvas tipo-tempo fechadas. Esses resultados ampliam um teorema sobre modelos tipo-G?del para a estrutura das teorias de gravidade f(R) de Palatini. Derivamos uma express?o para o raio cr?tico rc (al?m do qual a causalidade ? violada) para uma teoria arbitr?ria de gravidade f(R) de Palatini. A express?o encontrada tornou claro que a viola??o da causalidade depende da forma de f(R) e dos componentes do conte?do de mat?ria. Examinamos objetivamente as solu??es tipo-G?del de um fluido perfeito na classe f(R) = R ? /Rn das teorias de gravidade de Palatini e mostramos que, para uma densidade de mat?ria positiva e para e n em um intervalo permitido pelas observa??es, essas teorias n?o admitem como solu??es de suas equa??es de campo a geometria de G?del juntamente com um fluido perfeito. Nesse sentido, teorias de gravidade f(R) remediam a patologia causal na forma de curvas tipotempo fechadas que ? permitido na Relatividade Geral. Examinamos tamb?m essa viola??o de causalidade ao considerar um campo escalar como conte?do material. Para essa fonte, mostramos que a gravidade f(R) em Palatini d? origem a uma ?nica solu??o do tipo-G?del sem viola??o de causalidade. Finalmente, mostramos que a combina??o de um fluido perfeito mais um campo escalar como fontes de geometrias tipo-G?del, levam a solu??es na forma de curvas tipo-tempo fechadas como a solu??es sem viola??o de causalidade
773

Evid?ncias da heran?a geotect?nica pr?-cambriana na gera??o da Bacia Potiguar: um estudo geof?sico multdisciplinar

Rodrigues, Rafael Saraiva 13 April 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelSR_DISSERT_.pdf: 4378179 bytes, checksum: dc5658a221c8891102c9990af4393c19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The 3D gravity modeling of the Potiguar rift basin consisted of a digital processing of gravity and aeromagnetic data, subsidized by the results of Euler deconvolution of gravity and magnetic data and the interpretation of seismic lines and wells descriptions. The gravity database is a compilation of independent geophysical surveys conducted by several universities, research institutions and governmental agencies. The aeromagnetic data are from the Bacia Potiguar and Plataforma Continental do Nordeste projects, obtained from the Brazilian Petroleum Agency (ANP). The solutions of the Euler Deconvolution allowed the analysis of the behavior of the rift main limits. While the integrated interpretation of seismic lines provided the delimitating horizons of the sedimentary formations and the basement top. The integration of these data allowed a 3D gravity modeling of basement topography, allowing the identification of a series of internal structures of the Potiguar rift, as well intra-basement structures without the gravity effect of the rift. The proposed inversion procedure of the gravity data allowed to identify the main structural features of the Potiguar rift, elongated in the NE-SW direction, and its southern and eastern faulted edges, where the sedimentary infill reachs thicknesses up to 5500 m. The southern boundary is marked by the Apodi and Baixa Grande faults. These faults seem to be a single NW-SE oriented fault with a strong bend to NE-SW direction. In addition, the eastern boundary of the rift is conditioned by the NE-SW trending Carnaubais fault system. It was also observed NW-SE oriented faults, which acted as transfer faults to the extensional efforts during the basin formation. In the central part of the residual anomaly map without the gravity effect of the rift stands out a NW-SE trending gravity high, corresponding to the Or?s-Jaguaribe belt lithotypes. We also observe a gravity maximum parallel to the Carnaubais fault system. This anomaly is aligned to the eastern limit of the rift and reflects the contact of different crustal blocks, limited by the eastern ward counterpart of the Portalegre Shear Zone / A modelagem gravim?trica 3D do rifte da Bacia Potiguar, apresentada neste trabalho, constituiu de um processamento digital de dados gravim?tricos e aeromagn?ticos, subsidiados pelos resultados da Deconvolu??o de Euler de dados gravim?tricos e magn?ticos e pela interpreta??o de linhas s?smicas e descri??es de po?os. O banco de dados gravim?trico ? proveniente de um trabalho de compila??o de levantamentos geof?sicos independentes realizados por diversas universidades, institui??es de pesquisa e ?rg?os governamentais. Os dados aeromagn?ticos s?o proveniente dos projetos Bacia Potiguar e Plataforma Continental do Nordeste, obtidos junto ? Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo, G?s Natural e Biocombust?veis (ANP). As solu??es da Deconvolu??o de Euler possibilitaram a an?lise do comportamento dos principais limites do rifte, enquanto que a interpreta??o integrada das linhas s?smicas propiciou a delimita??o dos relevos dos horizontes da base das forma??es sedimentares e do topo do embasamento do Rifte Potiguar. A integra??o desses dados permitiu uma modelagem gravim?trica 3D do relevo do embasamento da bacia, possibilitando a identifica??o de uma s?rie de estruturas do arcabou?o estrutural do Rifte Potiguar e do embasamento cristalino sem o efeito gravim?trico do rifte. Com o procedimento de invers?o dos dados gravim?tricos, foi poss?vel identificar as principais fei??es estruturais do rifte da Bacia Potiguar, alongadas na dire??o NE-SW, bem como suas bordas falhadas nos limites Sul e Leste do rifte, onde o pacote sedimentar atinge espessuras superiores a 5500 m. O limite Sul ? marcado pelas falhas de Apodi e Baixa Grande, aparentando tratar-se de uma ?nica falha de dire??o NW-SE, com forte inflex?o para NE-SW. Observa-se ainda o limite Leste do rifte condicionado pelo Sistema de Falha Carnaubais de dire??o preferencial NE-SW. Observa-se ainda falhas de dire??o NW-SE, que atuaram como falhas de transfer?ncia aos esfor?os distensionais de forma??o da bacia. No mapa de anomalias residuais do embasamento cristalino sem o efeito gravim?trico do rifte destaca-se, na sua parte central, um alto gravim?trico de dire??o NW-SE, correspondendo a litotipos da Faixa Or?s-Jaguaribe. Observa-se ainda um m?ximo gravim?trico paralelo ao Sistema de Falhas de Carnaubais. Tal anomalia encontra-se alinhada ao limite Leste do rifte e reflete o contato de blocos crustais distintos, limitados pela continua??o Nordeste da Zona de Cisalhamento Portalegre
774

Gravidade de Lovelock e a correspondência AdS/CFT / Lovelock gravity and the AdS/CFT correspondence

Anderson Seigo Misobuchi 08 April 2016 (has links)
A correspondência AdS/CFT é uma notável ferramenta no estudo de teorias de gauge fortemente acopladas que podem ser mapeadas em uma descrição gravitacional dual fracamente acoplada. A correspondência é melhor entendida no limite em que ambos $N$ e $\\lambda$, o rank do grupo de gauge e o acoplamento de \'t Hooft da teoria de gauge, respectivamente, são infinitos. Levar em consideração interações com termos de curvatura de ordem superior nos permite considerar correções de $\\lambda$ finito. Por exemplo, a primeira correção de acoplamento finito para supergravidade tipo IIB surge como um termo de curvatura com forma esquemática $\\alpha\'^3 R^4$. Neste trabalho investigamos correções de curvatura no contexto da gravidade de Lovelock, que é um cenário simples para investigar tais correções pois as suas equações de movimento ainda são de segunda ordem em derivadas. Esse cenário também é particularmente interessante do ponto de vista da correspondência AdS/CFT devido a sua grande classe de soluções de buracos negros assintoticamente AdS. Consideramos um sistema de gravidade AdS-axion-dilaton em cinco dimensões com um termo de Gauss-Bonnet e encontramos uma solução das equações de movimento, o que corresponde a uma black brane exibindo uma anisotropia espacial, onde a fonte da anisotropia é um campo escalar linear em uma das coordenadas espaciais. Estudamos suas propriedades termodinâmicas e realizamos a renormalização holográfica usando o método de Hamilton-Jacobi. Finalmente, usamos a solução obtida como dual gravitacional de um plasma anisotrópico fortemente acoplado com duas cargas centrais independentes, $a eq c$. Calculamos vários observáveis relevantes para o estudo do plasma, a saber, a viscosidade de cisalhamento sobre densidade de entropia, a força de arrasto, o parâmetro de jet quenching, o potencial entre um par quark-antiquark e a taxa de produção de fótons. / The AdS/CFT correspondence is a remarkable tool in the study of strongly coupled gauge theories which can be mapped to a dual, weakly coupled gravitational description. The correspondence is best understood in the limit in which both $N$ and $\\lambda$, the rank of the gauge group and the \'t Hooft coupling of the gauge theory, respectively, are infinite. Accounting for higher curvature interactions allows one to begin to consider finite $\\lambda$. For example, the leading finite coupling corrections to type IIB supergravity arise as stringy corrections with schematic form $\\alpha\'^3 R^4$. In this work we investigate higher curvature corrections in a simpler scenario, the Lovelock gravity. Lovelock gravity is a nice framework to investigate such corrections since its equations of motion are still second order in derivatives and is particularly interesting from the point of view of the AdS/CFT correspondence because a large class of asymptotically AdS black holes solutions are known. We consider five-dimensional AdS-axion-dilaton gravity with a Gauss-Bonnet term and find a solution of the equations of motion which corresponds to a black brane exhibiting a spatial anisotropy, with the source of the anisotropy being an axion field linear in one of the spatial coordinates. We study its thermodynamics and we carry out the holographic renormalization using the Hamilton-Jacobi approach. Finally, we use the solution as a gravity dual to a strongly coupled anisotropic plasma with two independent central charges, $a eq c$. We compute several observables relevant to the study of the plasma, namely, the shear viscosity over entropy density ratio, the drag force, the jet quenching parameter, the quarkonium potential and the thermal photon production.
775

A correspondência AdS/CFT e o plasma de quarks e glúons / The AdS/CFT correspondece and the quark-gluon plasma

Viktor Jahnke 10 October 2016 (has links)
O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar aplicações da correspondência AdS/CFT na descrição de plasmas fortemente acoplados similares ao plasma de quarks e glúons (PQG) produzido em colisões de íons pesados no RHIC e no LHC. O projeto está articulado em duas partes. Inicialmente estudamos como alguns observáveis, como a taxa de produção de fótons e diléptons, são afetados por anisotropias espaciais presentes no plasma. Isso é importante porque o PQG produzido em experimentos do mundo real tipicamente começa em configurações de alta anisotropia, que depois evoluem para configurações isotrópicas. Para modelar a anisotropia a acoplamento forte fizemos uso de uma solução de buraco negro de supergravidade do tipo IIB encontrada recentemente em arXiv:1105.3472/hep-th. Como segunda direção de pesquisa e novamente focando em aplicações da correspondência AdS/CFT na descrição do PQG, investigamos teorias de gravidade de Lovelock, que são generalizações naturais da teoria de relatividade geral de Einstein. Essas teorias contém termos com derivadas de ordem superior ao mesmo tempo que mantém equações do movimento de segunda ordem, e por isso constituem uma arena ideal para começar a entender como termos de derivada de ordem superior afetam vários observáveis físicos do plasma. / The aim of this work is to study applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence to strongly coupled plasmas similar to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. The project is articulated in two parts. Initially, we will study how some observables, such as photon and dilepton production rates, are affected by spatial anisotropies present in the plasma. This is important, since the QGP produced in real world experiments generically starts in highly anisotropic configurations, which later evolve towards isotropy. To model anisotropy at strong coupling we will make use of an anisotropic black hole solution of type IIB supergravity which has been recently obtained in arXiv:1105.3472/ hep-th. As a second direction of research and again focusing on applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence to the QGP, we will investigate Lovelock theories of gravity, which are natural generalizations of Einsteins general relativity. These theories contain higher derivative terms, while maintaining the equations of motion of second order, and constitute an ideal arena where to start understanding how higher derivative corrections affect various physical observables of the plasma.
776

O grupo de renormalização em modelos de gravitação

Teixeira, Poliane de Morais 17 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-08T15:27:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 polianedemoraisteixeira.pdf: 833138 bytes, checksum: 6826a43bfd3baaedb0691bb15c3c425e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-26T19:06:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 polianedemoraisteixeira.pdf: 833138 bytes, checksum: 6826a43bfd3baaedb0691bb15c3c425e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T19:06:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 polianedemoraisteixeira.pdf: 833138 bytes, checksum: 6826a43bfd3baaedb0691bb15c3c425e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Nessa tese, exploramos diferentes aspectos do grupo de renormalização (GR) em Gravitação Quântica. Especificamente, estudamos o GR aplicado a três diferentes modelos. Começamos por estudar o GR on-shell usando para isso o modelo de gravidade com torção proposto por Cartan, fizemos o tratamento quântico dessa teoria. Em seguida, mostramos em detalhes os cálculos do estudo da teoria semiclássica usando para isso o método da renormalização física, baseada na subtração de momentos. Nesta parte nós damos os detalhes da derivação dos fatores de forma gravitacionais, usando o método do heat kernel para três teorias massivas: campo escalar, campo vetorial e campo fermiônico. O que nos leva ao análogo gravitacional do teorema de desacoplamento de Appelquist e Carazzone. Nessa parte apenas refizemos os cálculos já desenvolvidos em um artigo de Gorbar e Shapiro, mas agora em detalhes minuciosos para cada etapa calculada. E na última parte, uma análise do grupo funcional de renormalização (GFR) foi feita, aplicando essa técnica também ao modelo de gravidade semiclássica, onde a teoria abordada foi a de um campo escalar com acoplamento não-mínimo no espaço-tempo curvo. / On this thesis, we explored differents aspects of the renormalization group (RG) in Quantum Gravity. Specifically, we studied the RG applied to three differents models. We began studying the RG on-shell and we used for that the model of gravity with torsion proposed by Cartan, we made the quantum treatment of this theory. Then, we showed in details the calculations of the study of semi-classical theory, using for that, the method of physical renormalization, based on the momentum subtraction. On this part, we gave the details of the derivation of gravitational form factors, using the method of the heat kernel for three massive theories: scalar field, vector field and fermionic field which leads us to the gravitational analogue of the decoupling theorem from Appelquist and Carazzone. In this part, we just remade the calculations already undertaken in a paper by Gorbar and Shapiro, but now in minute details for each step calculated. On the last part, an analysis of the functional renormalization group (FRG) was made, applying this technique also to the model of semiclassical gravity, where the theory addressed was a theory with a scalar field with non-minimal coupling in curved spacetime.
777

Soluções estáticas e esfericamente simétricas em uma teoria de gravidade induzida

Silveira, Fernanda Alvarim 05 June 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Biblioteca do Instituto de Física (bif@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-05T18:59:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Fernanda.pdf: 596584 bytes, checksum: 88a0a09efaf23dc12638307533c93da0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T18:59:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Fernanda.pdf: 596584 bytes, checksum: 88a0a09efaf23dc12638307533c93da0 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho, estudamos algumas soluções estáticas e esfericamente simétricas para uma teoria de gravidade induzida por uma teoria de Yang-Mills no regime de baixas energias. Tal estudo foi feito na situação de vácuo e na presença de uma fonte descrita pelo tensor energia-momento para as equações de campo da gravidade induzida e associada a condição de torção nula. Assim, para a situação de vácuo analisamos duas soluções, uma perturbativa e outra exata. Desta forma, encontramos uma solução perturbativa em torno da solução de Schwarzschild-de Sitter, enquanto a solução exata é uma solução de espaço-tempo de de Sitter modificado. Também discutimos sobre as singularidades para este caso. Na presença do tensor energia-momento das equações de campo da gravidade induzida, analisamos uma solução para uma fonte eletricamente carregada e uma solução associada a um tensor energia-momento de um fluido perfeito. Neste caso, encontramos uma solução perturbativa em torno da solução de Reissner - Nordström - de Sitter e expressões perturbativas para as soluções dentro de um modelo de estrela. Por fim, analisando as equações de campo para uma geometria estática e esfericamente simétrica acoplada a um tensor energia-momento de um fluido perfeito, encontramos uma equação de equilíbrio hidrostático para a densidade de energia e pressão. Onde obtemos uma equação perturbativa em torno equação de Tolman - Oppenheimer - Volkoff - de Sitter. / In this work, we study some static and spherically symmetric solutions to a gravity theory induced by a Yang-Mills theory in the low-energy regime. This study was done in vacuum condition and in the presence of a source described by the energy-momentum tensor to the field equations of induced gravity and associated null torsion condition. Thus, for vacuum situation we analyzed two solutions, one perturbative and another exact. In this way, we find a perturbative solution around the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution. While the exact solution is a solution of spacetime of de Sitter modified. We also discussed about the singularities in this case. In the presence of the energymomentum tensor of the field equations of induced gravity, we analyze a solution to an electrically charged source and a solution associated with an energy-momentum tensor of a perfect fluid. In this case, we find a perturbative solution around the Reissner - Nordström - de Sitter solution and perturbative expressions for the solutions within a star model. Finally, analyzing the field equations for a static and spherically symmetric geometry coupled to an energy-momentum tensor of a perfect fluid, we found a hydrostatic equilibrium equation for the energy density and pressure. Where we get a perturbation equation around equation Tolman- Oppenheimer - Volkoff - de Sitter.
778

Conformal symmetries of gravity from asymptotic methods, further developments

Lambert, Pierre-Henry 12 September 2014 (has links)
In this thesis, the symmetry structure of gravitational theories at null infinity is studied further, in the case of pure gravity in four dimensions and also in the case of Einstein-Yang-Mills theory in d dimensions with and without a cosmological constant.<p><p>The first part of this thesis is devoted to the presentation of asymptotic methods (symmetries, solution space and surface charges) applied to gravity in the case of the BMS gauge in three and four spacetime dimensions.<p><p>The second part of this thesis contains the original contributions.<p>Firstly, it is shown that the enhancement from Lorentz to Virasoro algebra also occurs for asymptotically flat spacetimes defined in the sense of Newman-Unti. As a first application, the transformation laws of the Newman-Penrose coefficients characterizing solution space of the Newman-Unti approach are worked out, focusing on the inhomogeneous terms that contain the information about central extensions of the theory. These transformations laws make the conformal structure particularly transparent, and constitute the main original result of the thesis.<p>Secondly, asymptotic symmetries of the Einstein-Yang-Mills system with or without cosmological constant are explicitly worked out in a unified manner in $d$ dimensions. In agreement with a recent conjecture, a Virasoro-Kac-Moody type algebra is found not only in three dimensions but also in the four dimensional asymptotically flat case.<p><p>These two parts of the thesis are supplemented by appendices. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
779

Vliv palce nohy na stabilitu stoje a chůze / The influence of hallux on stand and gait stability

Hlinková, Zuzana January 2008 (has links)
The diploma thesis "Vliv palce nohy na stabilitu stoje a chůze" is focused on the function of hallux at stance and through the gait cycle and particularly to halluxes influence on stability of the stated motor stereotypes. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge gained through literature research on anatomy and kinesiology of hallux. It also contains analysis of gait cycle and muscle coordination through it with emphasis upon activity of foot and function of hallux muscles. The practical part attempts to objectivize changes in stability and changes of loading of foot with instrumental examination. Force plate Balance Master® and GaitPlatform FDM were used for the measurements. On the force plate the parametres of movement of the centre of mass (COM, COG) and maintenance of stability while standing were compared. GaitPlatform® was used for measurement of ground reaction forces while standing and walking. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Konstrukční návrh zařízení pro měření výškové polohy těžiště vozidla / Design of a device for measuring the center of gravity height of road vehicles

Hanych, Jaroslav January 2018 (has links)
This master's thesis deals with problems connected with measuring vehicle centre of gravity height. The research part summarizes generally known methods of measuring vehicle centre of gravity and moments of inertia. Essential part of this thesis is the design of a device for measuring the centre of gravity height of a road vehicle on a principle of measuring a period of oscillation. The height position of the platform of the device is adjustable through hydraulic cylinders. A stress-strain analysis of the design was executed through a combination of analytical methods and a finite element method. The process of measurement was described and an equation for determination of centre of gravity height was deduced. Error of measurement was estimated based on the knowledge of partial errors of measured values.

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