The master thesis deals with regulation of group of companies with emphasis on compensation of damages. In the introduction of the paper the law of group of companies is defined and the main purposes of the regulation are pointed out. The main aim of this legal field is to protect minority shareholders and creditors of subsidiaries through the system of compensation of damages. This primary obligation is supplemented by other legal institutes protecting vulnerable subjects. The paper also mentions leading concepts, which represent a template for the new system of regulation in the Act on commercial companies and cooperatives. The analysis of new rules concerning compensation of damages in a group of companies is determined by the structure of provisions in the Act on commercial companies and cooperatives. The most important is a new institute of influence, which protects the integrity and interests of the influenced subsidiary. In case that the parent company affects the subsidiary, the parent company shall compensate damages to the subsidiary and it shall be liable for the subsidiary's debts to its creditors. The paper provides an analysis of group of companies and compares it with rules of domestic and European tax law. It is also compared with rules in previous commercial code. Because of that...

The main purpose of this thesis is an introduction to the new Czech group law with special emphasis on the right to give instructions to the dependent entity. The whole thesis is based on the deliberation, if the legislator succeeded in finding an adequate balance between the looser French attitude and the German regulation, which is primarily based on the protection of minority shareholders and creditors. The first chapter of the thesis is focused on the term "single management" and describes its main features - group interest, single policy and coordination and conceptual management. Moreover, the importance and form of declaration of a group is examined. A declaration of a group is a formal requirement that enables using advantages such as specific way to settle damage within the group. Following chapters are dedicated to the terms "instruction" and "management of business". It is generally forbidden by law to give instructions regarding the management of business with the exception of group instructions. The thesis explains in detail what is meant by management of business using elaboration in judicial decisions of Czech courts. Other ways how to impose influence (other than giving a direct instruction) are described as well. Particular attention is paid to the personnel changes in the bodies...

Betydelsen av ägarkontroll i företag är, trots stor uppmärksamhet i samhällsdebatten, omtvistad och oklar. En förklaring är att maktaspekter tidigare dominerat ägarforskningens fokus. En annan gemensam nämnare för rådande forskningsinriktning har varit teorins uppmärksamhet mot ägares externa, ofta kvantifierade, företagsrelation. Hur ägarkontroll internt kan omformas i stora företag har emellertid behandlats mer sparsamt. I föreliggande studie kombineras därför, såväl empiriskt som teoretiskt, ägarkontrollens externa aktivering med dess interna utformning. När frågor om ägarkontroll i svenska koncerner vanligen behandlas sker detta utifrån en relativt homogen uppfattning om ägarkontroll. Den föreställningsram, som vuxit fram under det senaste årtiondet, sammanfattas i studien med hjälp av följande teser: Effektivitet i ägandet skall säkerställas genom den "konkurrens" om kontroll som indirekt erbjuds alla aktieägare i börsbolag. När kampen om kontroll väl avslutas och en aktör "uppnått" dominerande kontroll, bör ett "aktivt" ägande utövas. Ägandet bör vidare vara "personligt" och därmed särskilt från centrala och anonyma ägarinstitutioner och samtidigt "långsiktigt". I studien presenteras alternativ av dessa antaganden. Tesen om ägarkonkurrens ställs mot möjligheten för ägare att samarbeta om kontrollen. Tesen om ägarkontroll sett som ett statiskt tillstånd i företaget ställs mot dynamiken i ett koncernföretags interna kontrollmekanismer. Normen om det personliga ägandets effektivitet bör i sin tur ställas mot koncernens möjlighet till intern ägarspecialisering. Teserna om det aktiva och långsiktiga ägandet granskas slutligen i studien med avseende på varierad aktivitetsnivå liksom behovet av differentierad utvärderingstid för olika typer av resurser i företag. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.

Influential person Abstract The theme of this thesis is a legal understanding of the term 'influential person' which entered the Czech legal system due to significant changes in private law, especially when the Act no. 90/2012 Coll., on Business Corporations and Cooperatives and the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., Civil code came into effect. The thesis is primarily focused on identifying and analyzing the particularities of the term, its contribution to the law of business corporations and also its use in legal practice. The thesis relies on the methodology of analyzing the valid legal enactment of influence in comparison to its evolution, legal practice and scholarly literature. The thesis is divided into five chapters in total. The first chapter introduces the term corporate group as a sign of economic concentration, and subsequently the specifics and forms of corporate groups are being discussed. The next part briefly describes the evolution and basic scheme of legal enactment of corporate groups in the Czech Republic, especially the changes in the Act no. 513/1991 Coll., Commercial code and the local sources involved in the enactment. Furthermore it also explores the legal enactment of corporate groups according to the European Union. The third chapter deals with the valid legal enactment of influence according...

The paper focuses on insolvency of groups of companies. The analysis starts with description of the main feature of the group of companies, i.e. corporation. It points out situations when legal and property autonomy is suppressed by quasi-piercing or liability of the management for influencing of the corporation or wrongful trading. It further analyses the concept of group of companies as en economics term and corporate group and concern as a legal term. It puts into juxtaposition entity and enterprise approach towards group of companies and points out that the enterprise approach is often used by public law systems, such as competition law, which happens as a result of lack of legal tools to reflect the economic reality. After economic analysis of insolvency and tools insolvency law has to offer the paper focuses on the main topic of the paper. It is pointed out that a concern law is only a system of liabilities for damage and as such cannot be easily linked to insolvency procedure, the exception being for example protesting against transactions carried out by the debtor in the past, which comes at greatly cost for legal uncertainty. It is also highly problematic that upon initiation of insolvency proceeding a positive going concern value is automatically lost. It is further pointed out that the system of...

Imperfect Personality in Commercial Law Robert Pelikán Abstract In the theory of law, legal personality (the terms "legal person" and "legal personality" are used in this text in their continental sense, i.e. describing both non-human and human entities and their legal capacity) is usually seen as a simple quality having only values, true or false. The existing theories of legal personality were, therefore, trying to find such characteristics of legal personality, which will fully describe all legal persons existing in practice. Such an effort had to fail or, more precisely, the process of search for such a common denominator had to result in the disappearance of all the key characteristics necessary for understanding of the phenomenon of legal personality. The exploration of legal personality must hence begin with the finding that legal personality is not a quality having only values - true or false - but rather a full scale of values from nil to a (rarely seen) full legal personality, moreover appearing in many dimensions. In order to duly explain the phenomenon, the theory must not search for a common denominator of existing persons, but describe the concept of full legal personality and explain the consequences of imperfection of existing legal persons in any of such qualities. Those requirements cannot...

Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

In this roundtable, our speakers analyze, evaluate and criticize the new legal scenario which is the collective labor law, specifically related to collective bargaining, in an area influenced by the development of capitalism, which is beginning to cause different forms business organizations that break the paradigm of the definition of company we know, and thus leads us to redesign legal parameters to meet the challenges of the now called “business groups” and “network companies” for a proper defense of the collective rights of workers and defend the interests of employers. / En la presente mesa redonda, nuestros ponentes analizan, evalúan y critican el nuevo escenario legal en el cual se encuentra el derecho colectivo del trabajo, específicamente relacionado con las negociaciones colectivas, en un ámbito influenciado por desarrollo del capitalismo, que empieza a originar distintas formas de organizaciones empresariales, que rompen el paradigma de la definición de empresa que conocemos, y que de esta manera, nos lleva a rediseñar parámetros legales para sobrellevar los desafíos de los ahora llamados “grupos empresariales” y “empresas en red” para un adecuada defensa de los derechos colectivos de los trabajadores y la defensa de los intereses de los empleadores.

This Master’s thesis focuses on a financial management of construction order in the context of a group of companies. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part covers all aspects of this topic, which is to describe a construction company, construction order, financial planning of construction company, financial management of construction order, and further is to define group of companies (association of companies), its contract and authorities. The practical part focuses on financial management of real construction order, which has been realized by group of construction companies. Firstly, the thesis defines costs and revenues of association of companies in detail which are related to real construction order. The practical part is further divided into three variants. First variant determines profit and loss of group of companies and its individual participants for the given period. The next two variants display designed specific model situations and their result is also to determine profit and loss of group of companies and its individual participants. The main goal of the thesis is to compare all variants together and evaluation along with comments.