The customer service within the United States Coast Guard Naval Engineering department has increased significantly in the past decade. Many areas of the naval engineering departments have adopted a customer service policy in part or in whole. However, the naval engineering community is persistently working to reduce costs and operational liabilities generated through their support practices. Financial and operational liabilities have also grown in the past decade, and the United States Coast Guard Naval Engineering department has failed to aggressively address this issue until recently. This leaves naval engineering communities who use their own version of customer service policies to adopt a standard that is compliant toward the Coast Guard’s Naval Engineering force management goals. This paper looks at the history of Coast Guard Naval Engineering customer service issues, how the engineering community has managed the issues in the past and how improvements can be made. / text

Föreliggande studie har undersökt oro över att utsättas för hot om våld samt överfall eller misshandel hos yrkesgruppen ordningsvakter, genom den kriminologiska teorin om rutinaktivitet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns samband mellan respondenternas upplevda oro över att utsättas för hot om våld samt överfall/misshandel och grad av exponering, attraktivitet som lämpligt offer samt avsaknad av kapabla väktare. Studiens underlag bestod av en webbenkät som distribuerats genom sociala medier till yrkesgruppen ordningsvakter. 378 verksamma ordningsvakter ingick i det slutgiltiga urvalet. Underlaget analyserades genom logistisk regressionsanalys samt bivariata analyser. Resultaten visade att hög exponering samt avsaknad av kapabla väktare är starka prediktorer för oro över att utsättas för hot om våld samt överfall/misshandel. Dock förkastades hypotesen att attraktivitet som lämpligt offer är en prediktor för upplevd oro. Tidigare utsatthet för brott i arbetet utgjorde tillsammans med exponering och avsaknad av kapabla väktare en lämplig förklaringsmodell för upplevd oro bland ordningsvakterna. Slutsatsen blev att det finns en utbredd oro bland ordningsvakter att utsättas för hot om våld samt överfall/misshandel, dock kan rutinaktivitetsteorin som enskild modell inte förklara den upplevda oron. / This study examines the feeling of anxiety about becoming a victim of threat of physical violence or assault in the workplace. The study focuses on people working as security guards. The purpose of the study was to examine if there is a connection between the feeling of anxiety and the elements of the routine activity theory. The samples of participants were collected by social media, where web-based surveys were published. The final sample consisted of 378 participants. The analysis consisted of a binary logistic regression and bivariate analysis. The results of the study showed that exposure and the absence of capable guards are strong predictors of the feeling of anxiety. By the results of the analysis there was no strong evidence that the feeling of anxiety and attractiveness have a connection. The study showed that earlier victimization in the workplace can be a possible predictor of anxiety. In conclusion there is a widespread feeling of anxiety amongst security guards, however the routin activity theory can not explain the whole spectra of this problem.

This diploma thesis deals with formation and activities of the Financial Guard of the Czechoslovak Republic. It was a paramilitary security authority whose primary purpose was to oversee and prevent smuggling in the border area of the Czechoslovak Republic, simultaneously the Financial Guard was tasked with protecting the state border from unauthorized crossing of foreign nationals. The Financial guard existed before the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak Republic, but as one of the many institutes of Austria-Hungary it was also taken over into a new political arrangement. The aim of this work was to get acquainted with the term of Financial Guard. Define its basic functions and activities, and separate it from purely military churches. This work, in its first part, briefly and clearly talks about the establishment and prehistory of the Financial Guard, and its subsequent development to a fully functioning state body of the Czechoslovak Republic. In relation to subordination to the Ministry of Finance of the Czechoslovak Republic, I also deal with the partial analysis of this ministry in this work. Next chapter of this work defines the construction of the Financial Guard. Describes the first moments of the Financial Guard in the Czechoslovak Republic and gives examples of equipment of the...

My work explores the development of the security and defence structures of the Cypriot state in the turbulent post-colonial years 1959-65. After a series of political imbroglios, exacerbated by the involution of external actors in the internal affairs of the nascent bicommunal Republic of Cyprus (established in 1960, preceded by a Greek Cypriot national-liberation revolution), the constitutional arrangement between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots collapsed. In the 1959-63 period, new bicommunal institutions are set, and the creation of these institutions is characterised by political arbitrariness and power rivalries. I term this process “structural flux” and during this time a “security deficit” for the Greek Cypriots developed out of fear of Turkish partition plans for the island. The crisis culminated violently in 1963-64 and the political, legal, and institutional rearrangements of that crucial period left a lasting effect. Through interaction between scholarly literature and the emerging data of the Greek Cypriot case-study, the thesis develops a novel theoretical framework to analyse conflict situations in new states, or states-in-transition, and understand societal feelings of security and insecurity. In particular, the thesis analyses how the Greek Cypriots responded to threats coming from the Turkish Cypriots and Turkey, the first in the form of wide-scale violent disturbances on the island, and the second in the form of threats for an invasion, termed “sociological” and “geopolitical security deficit” respectively. I then proceed to explain how the Greek Cypriot elites reacted to this threat with the limited resources available and in a relatively short period of time, mustering support from thousands of volunteers amongst the wider population. The study then zooms in on the crucial months between November 1963 and August 1964 when, incapable to counter the threat otherwise, and after the dissolution of the bicommunal government, a constellation of disparate Greek Cypriot forces took over both the internal security and the external defence of the now Greek-controlled Republic of Cyprus. It consisted of citizen paramilitary formations, known as omádhes, usually headed by ex-revolutionaries, officers of the defunct Cyprus Army, policemen, and gendarmes. The monocommunally-controlled state armed citizen volunteers in a process I call the “communalisation of the monopoly of violence”. I have termed this hastily built, largely unplanned model, with a significant overlap and blurring between military, police, and paramilitary roles, as “chaotic security structure”. The social origins of these forces, rooted in the small, agrarian Greek Cypriot society are also explored, as well as their complex institutional intertwining, which was mired with the often conflictual and unstable political and personal relationships between their members. The final parts of the thesis analyse the consolidation of this “chaotic security structure”, the “decommunalisation” of the monopoly of violence and its contribution to polity-building. The end of the events signalled the creation of a new professional military force, wholly Greek Cypriot in composition, the National Guard, on the chaotic infrastructure of the past, the amalgamation of the Police and the Gendarmerie into one force, the clear demarcation between police and military roles, and the dissolution of the paramilitary formations. Considering the lack of formal structures in relation to the events, and the limited existence of documents, I employed a methodological approach blending semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. Overall, the thesis makes a theoretical contribution to the understanding of post-colonial civil-police and civil-military relations, with a keen interest on the recruitment of new police and military personnel out of former revolutionaries as well as a particular focus on paramilitarism and the cultural factors that contribute to its emergence, including phenomena such as volunteerism and vigilantism. It uses the Greek Cypriot community in 1963-64 Cyprus as a case-study to understand momentous phases in polity-building such as the transitional periods between a violent crisis and the return to peaceful normality.

Plants absorb CO2 through pores in their leaves called stomata, which are known to open and close in response to myriad environmental and physiological triggers. We demonstrate that blue light inhibits stomatal aperture oscillations in both the guard cells and surrounding tissue layers, whereas these oscillations continue under the influence of red light. This observation of blue light behavior agrees with recent research and suggests another physiological pathway for oscillations.

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No description available.

The purpose of this study was to determine if certain mean T scores on the MMPI would vary significantly for careerists in National Guard Units when compared to typical non-clinical scores. It was also an attempt to observe differences between certain MMPI scales to determine whether further study of these scales as gross predictors of candidates more likely to succeed in a military environment appears appropriate.Eleven scales of the MMPI were selected for this purpose and this study attempted to evaluate the scales which might be used. Among the scales studied were: L (Lie); 3 (Conversion Hysteria); 4 (Psychopathic Deviate); 5 (Masculinity-Femininity); Es (Ego Strength); Re (Social Responsibility); A (Conscious Anxiety); and Dy (Dependency). Three directional hypotheses were developed: (1) careerists, in general, will score lower on the 3, 4, 5 (males only), 8, A and Dy scales while they will score higher on the L, 5 (females only) 9, Es Re and Cn than will a typical non-clinical population. (2) Certain personality characteristics, measured by the MMPI, have a significant correlation to the proclivity of an individual to enter and continue in part- or full-time military service. (3) The identified scales can then be considered for further study to determine the feasibility of their use in a screening program to predict success or failure of enlistees as reported by their intention to remain in service upon completion of their initial enlistment obligation.Participants were volunteers from Indiana National Guard Units in both rural and urban areas. Each participant was provided a copy of the self-administered MMPI and requested to complete it in accordance with the written instructions. In addition, they were provided an informed consent form containing a written explanation of the purpose for their participation and delineating the scope of the study.To analyze the data an analysis of variance was used which demonstrated significant differences between male and female careerists and their "civilian" counterparts on seven of the 11 scales, supporting the first hypothesis. After completing correlation matrices for the eleven scales and an analysis of variance, using age as the covariate for the respondents, the data were reviewed. This revealed that, for the limited female population seven of the 11 scales supported the third hypothesis but only three scales were found significant for males suggesting the need for further study to clarify this disparity.

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