Edifício Icônico (Iconic Building) é o termo cunhado por Charles Jencks em “Iconic Building – The power of enigma” (2005) para nomear o fenômeno, corrente no campo da arquitetura e do urbanismo, que inicia na rasteira do chamado “Efeito Bilbao”. Ou seja: a atual epidemia global de construção de edifícios emblemáticos que seguiu o bem-sucedido caso do Museu Guggenheim em Bilbao projetado por Frank Gehry, concebido pelas autoridades locais como peça-chave da revitalização urbana e econômica da cidade espanhola. Caracterizado pelo atual cenário de competição global entre cidades, o dito fenômeno, em resumo, apresenta-se como o investimento, tanto estatal quanto privado, na construção de edifícios de formas sintéticas e esculturais, que funcionam como marcas, projetados pelos chamados starchitects (ou arquitetos-celebridades), em busca de sucesso instantâneo de público (e sobretudo, turistas) e, conseqüente retorno financeiro. Por trás das críticas de introduzir sensacionalismo e espetáculo na arquitetura, e considerado como resultado de uma cultura “commodificada”, as quais recolocam sob novos termos a questão da autonomia da arquitetura como, é inegável que este fenômeno tem assumido papel primordial na constituição da paisagem da cidade contemporânea. Em vista da referida importância e popularidade e para além de suas imagens sedutoras, este trabalho busca, após delimitação geral e precedentes históricos, explorar através de exemplos concretos (Museu Guggenheim Bilbao, Casa da Música do Porto e Fundação Iberê Camargo) a capacidade que estes edifícios possuem para confrontar a alegada situação de autonomia comprometida e transformar suas expressivas cargas simbólicas em efetivos lugares urbanos e, igualmente, constituir experiências arquitetônicas relevantes. / Iconic Building is the term coined by Charles Jencks in “Iconic Building - The Power of Enigma” (2005) to name the phenomenon, common in the field of architecture and urbanism which followed the so-called “Bilbao-Effect”. In other words: the current global construction epidemic of emblematic buildings which followed the successful case of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao designed by Frank Gehry and conceived by local authorities as key part of the city’s economic and urban revitalization. Characterized by the current scenario of global competition between cities, this phenomenon, in short, presents itself as investments, both state and private, in buildings of condensed and striking forms, which work as trademarks, designed by so-called starchitects (or celebrity architects), looking for instant success with the public (especially tourists) and, consequently, financial income. Despite accusations of introducing sensationalism and spectacle in architecture, and regarded as a result of commodified culture, which address the issue on the autonomy of architecture, this trend has undeniably been playing a key role in the making of contemporary urbanscape. Due to such relevance and popularity and besides its seducting images, this dissertation, after a general outline of the phenomenon and historical precedent, explores through concrete cases the capacity to face the alleged situation of impaired autonomy and to transform the significant symbolic content in effective urban places and also set up relevant architectural experiences.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-02-24T12:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaCamargo.pdf: 6055758 bytes, checksum: 626103ea804201de5c019d18ad607c70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-02-24T12:12:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaCamargo.pdf: 6055758 bytes, checksum: 626103ea804201de5c019d18ad607c70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-02-24T12:13:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaCamargo.pdf: 6055758 bytes, checksum: 626103ea804201de5c019d18ad607c70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-24T12:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaCamargo.pdf: 6055758 bytes, checksum: 626103ea804201de5c019d18ad607c70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A presente dissertação trata de verificar as interfaces entre projetos políticos e a formação das cidades, com foco na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante as gestões do prefeito Cesar Maia de 2001 a 2004 e de 2005 a 2008. A consolidação do planejamento estratégico como ferramenta de gestão urbana é analisada, com foco nos planos estratégicos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro desenvolvidos ao longo da Era Cesar Maia: Rio Sempre Rio (1995/96) e As Cidades da Cidade (2004). A cidade de Bilbao, cuja recuperação é identificada com a implantação de uma filial do Museu Guggenheim, é estudada, revelando caminhos que outras cidades ao redor do mundo buscaram seguir. Finalmente, são analisados o contexto político e as implicações dos projetos para o Museu Guggenheim, no Porto, e para a Cidade da Música, na Barra da Tijuca, ambos no Rio de Janeiro. Estes casos foram selecionados por tratarem-se de projetos icônicos, que viriam a ser a representação construída da figura política que os orquestrou e que, cada qual à sua maneira, não tiveram o desfecho planejado. / This work presents an analysis of the interfaces between political projects and the forming of cities, focusing on the city of Rio de Janeiro during two of the periods in which Cesar Maia responded as mayor – 2001 to 2004 and 2005 to 2008. The consolidation of strategic planning as a tool for urban management is analysed, focusing on the strategic plans for the city of Rio de Janeiro developed during the Cesar Maia Era: Rio Sempre Rio (1995/96) and As Cidades da Cidade (2004). The city of Bilbao, which’s recuperation is identified with the building of a Guggenheim Museum, is also studied, revealing paths which other cities around the world tried to pursuit. Finally, the political context and the implications of the projects for the Guggenheim Museum, in the Harbor, and the ‘Cidade da Música’, in Barra da Tijuca, both in Rio de Janeiro. These cases have been selected for their iconic character, which was meant to be the built representation of the political figure who orchestrated the projects and which, each in its own way, didn’t have the expected closures.

Hannes Beckmann (1909-1977). Dessau - Prague - New York This PhD thesis is dedicated to an exceptional, though still forgotten personality, an artist of German descent, Hannes Beckmann |1909-1977|. A graduate of Germany's Bauhaus, he was one of the refugees fleeing Nazism to Czechoslovakia, and among many other achievements, he later became the director of the photography department of the Guggenheim Museum in New York. Through his work, he fulfilled avant-garde ideas on the synthesis of artistic fields: he was a painter, stage designer, art theorist and pedagogue, but also a creator of abstract objects moving along the boundaries of minimalistic and kinetic constructions. His fate in life and created body of work began gaining a clearer form in the framework of research on visual artists, who found sanctuary in interwar Czechoslovakia from demagogic political systems. Until that time, Hannes Beckmann had been utterly unknown to Czech art history and elsewhere. This is seen in the absence of his name in Czech technical literature, but also because he was never mentioned even in publications published by the Bauhaus with which he had been involved for some time. There was only sketchy information on his pedagogical and artistic work in the area of Op-Art (optical art) from the 1960s to 1970s in the United...

The main focus of this diploma thesis is Jiří Kotalík, his relationship with the United States of America and projects in which he participated as the director of the National Gallery in Prague. To understand projects, it was necessary to clarify the broader circumstances, especially the relationship of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic to the United States of America and the cultural policy of both states. Therefore, the time frame was extended, both in the historical introduction and the first exhibition of American art in Czechoslovakia in 1947. It was also necessary to put into context the purpose for which large traveling exhibitions and other US cultural projects were organized and what reception they caused in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The six largest exhibitions of American art, which took place in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the years 1967-1990, were selected as a sample. In the end, other forms of cooperation of the National Gallery, respectively Jiří Kotalík with American institutions were indicated but also other forms of promotion of Czechoslovak art in the United States of America were indicated. Key words: Jiří Kotalík, National Gallery in Prague, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, USA, Thomas Messer, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, propaganda, cultural policy,...