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An apologetic to the Neo-Pagans as represented by Dr. Gus DiZeregaSmitherman, William Tennison, January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Liberty University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Die Eurasec-Staaten im Spannungsfeld zwischen regionaler und multilateraler Integration /Nurmasheva, Svetlana. Unknown Date (has links)
Sankt Gallen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.
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Development of a transactivation system for use in crop plantsGraham, Neil Stuart January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Improving cauliflower mosaic virus gene vectorsViaplana, Rita January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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Outsiders i Gus Van Sants filmer : En tematisk auteurstudie / Outsiders in the films of Gus Van Sant : A Thematic Auteur StudyKristiansen, Niklas January 2014 (has links)
In this paper I have examined how the structure of society affects the characters in the movies of Gus Van Sant, and what there is that characterizes Van Sant as an auteur. I have also looked at the thematics and how the characters develop throughout from his first movie Mala Noche (US 1985) until one of his latest Milk (US 2008). Van Sant is open with his Homosexuality and those perspectives are of major importance for this study. He presents how his characters try to live a normal life in a society that is not made for them. I have chosen to analyze five different movies. I discuss more closely about problems and how the characters develop when they are not in an outsider position to the society. It is the homosexual perspective that makes Van Sant an auteur. I will also use queer theory because Van Sant movies show homosexuals are struggling against society and are fighting to find an Acceptance of their own identities.
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Farnesyltransferase: Gene Expression in Plants and Role in Plant DevelopmentZhou, Dafeng 14 March 1997 (has links)
Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase, E. C. 2.5.1.21) post-translationally modifies regulatory proteins involved in controlling cell growth, division, and differentiation. Recently, a cDNA clone (PsFTb) encoding a pea (Pisum sativum) FTase b subunit was isolated. Initial studies led to the hypothesis that FTase plays a role in the regulation of plant cell division.
To gain insight into FTase function in plants, a detailed study of the expression pattern of FTase genes was carried out. A cDNA (NgFTb) encoding the b subunit of tobacco FTase was cloned from a Nicotiana glutinosa cDNA library to initiate studies in tobacco. In tobacco BY-2 suspension culture, levels of NgFTb mRNA and FTase activity transiently increased at the early log phase of cell growth and rapidly declined before cells entered stationary phase. These data, along with inhibitor studies in the BY-2 system, support our hypothesis. To understand the expression and regulation of pea FTase subunit genes, 5'-upstream sequences of both pea FTase subunit genes (PsFTb and PsFTa) were cloned from a pea genomic library. The 5'-upstream sequence (~2 kb) of PsFTa was fused to GUS (b-glucuronidase) and GFP (green fluorescent protein) reporter genes and introduced into tobacco plants. This 2 kb upstream region appears insufficient to provide PsFTa promoter function. On the other hand, 3.2 kb of PsFTb 5'-upstream sequence expressed as a PsFTb:GUS construct is fully functional in transgenic tobacco plants. GUS expression was most prominent in actively growing cells supporting FTase involvement in plant cell cycle control. GUS activity was also found in mature and imbibed embryos but not premature embryos, consistent with the role of FTase in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. An unexpected pattern of GUS activity, not correlated with dividing cells or ABA signaling, was also observed in the transgenic plants. GUS activity was detected in vascular bundles adjacent to actively-growing tissues and in regions that connect two organs, e.g., junctions between stems and leaf petioles, cotyledons and hypocotyls, roots and hypocotyls. Auxin promotes PsFTb expression while light and sucrose inhibit expression. These spatial and temporal expression patterns strongly suggest that FTase has a broader role associated with regulation of nutrient transportation or allocation in plants. / Ph. D.
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Redefining the hormonal control of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) fruit development / Redefinindo o controle hormonal do desenvolvimento do fruto do tomateiro (Solanum Iycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom)Achon Forno, Ignacio 06 April 2017 (has links)
The hormonal control of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit development have been extensively studied, mainly during ripening. Notwithstanding, considerable gaps still exist in our understanding of the function and spatial-temporal distribution of hormones during fruit development. Here, we performed histochemical analysis of tomato cv. Micro-Tom transgenic lines harboring the gene reporter GUS fused to five different promoter responsive to the hormones, auxin, cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene, in order to redefine their spatial-temporal distribution during tomato fruit development, from early pre-anthesis stages to red ripe (RR) stage. CKs levels were high during pre-anthesis, initially in placental tissues and subsequently in ovule, indicating a major function of this hormone during pre-fertilized ovary growth. At early post-fertilization stages, CKs contents were high in seeds, and afterward in the outer and inner epidermical and subepidermical layer of pericarp. High auxin content was observed, during all pre-anthesis and fruit development stages, in pedicel, suggesting a basipetal transport to the mother plant. Ethylene contents increased during pre-anthesis ovary growth. Interestingly, ethylene contents did not decrease, immediately, post-fertilization. The content of GAs and ABA was low at pre-anthesis and early post-fertilization stages, specific in placental tissues and pericarp. Conversely, these hormones accumulated mainly during cell expansion phase of fruit growth. Pollen grains that reached the stigma, post anther dehiscence, showed high content of auxin and ABA. In addition, we reported an antagonism between ethylene and GAs contents during tomato fruit development, where the level of ethylene started to decrease during the cell expansion phase of the fruit growth, moment when the level of GAs started to increase in placental tissues and pericarp. / O controle hormonal do desenvolvimento do fruto do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) já foi extensamente estudado, principalmente no amadurecimento. No entanto, ainda existem consideráveis lacunas em nosso conhecimento da função e distribuição espaço-temporal dos hormônios durante o desenvolvimento do fruto. Foram realizados ensaios histoquímicos com cinco linhas transgênicas de tomate cv. Micro-Tom que carregavam o gene repórter GUS fusionado a cinco diferentes promotores responsivos aos hormônios, auxina, citocinina (CKs), giberelina (GAs), ácido abscísico (ABA) e etileno, com o fim de redefinir a distribuição espaço-temporal deles ao longo do desenvolvimento do fruto, desde estágios iniciais pre-anteses até o estágio red ripe (RR). Os níveis de CKs foram altos na fase pre-anteses, inicialmente na placenta e posteriormente nos óvulos, indicando um papel importante deste hormônio no crescimento do ovário, pre- fertilização. Nos estágios inicias, post-fertilização, o conteúdo de CKs foi alto nas sementes e depois nas camadas epidérmicas e subepidérmicas internas e externas do pericarpo. Alto conteúdo de auxina foi observado, durante todos o desenvolvimento do fruto, no pedicelo, sugerindo o transporte basípeto de auxina para a planta mãe. Os níveis de etileno aumentaram durante o crescimento do ovário antes da anteses. Interessantemente, o nível de etileno não diminuiu imediatamente post-fertilização. Os conteúdos de GA e ABA foram baixos prévios a anteses e nos estágios inicias pre-fertilização, especificamente na placenta e pericarpo. Inversamente, o conteúdo desses hormônios aumentou na fase de expansão celular do crescimento do fruto. Os grãos de pólen que chegaram ao stigma, post deiscência das anteras, apresentaram altos níveis de ABA e auxina. Além disso, reportamos um antagonismo entre conteúdo de etileno e giberelina durante o desenvolvimento do fruto, onde o nível de etileno começou a decrescer durante a fase de expansão celular do crescimento do fruto, momento em que o nível de giberelina começou a aumentar na placenta e pericarpo.
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Expressão do gene uidA sob controle de promotores preferencialmente expressos no floema de plantas transgênicas de citrange \'Carrizo\' / Expression of the uidA gene controlled by promoters preferentially expressed in the phloem of \'Carrizo\' citrange transgenic plantsBezerra, Yane Caroline dos Anjos 09 August 2017 (has links)
O Brasil é o maior produtor de laranja do mundo, liderando também a produção e exportação de suco concentrado congelado. Um dos fatores que ameaçam o setor é o grande número de doenças, principalmente, as bacterianas como o Huanglongbing (HLB). O HLB é considerado uma das mais graves doenças dos citros, que compromete seu desenvolvimento e produção, podendo levar à morte das plantas afetadas. Os agentes associados a esta doença são bactérias endógenas restritas ao floema (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.). No gênero Citrus, ainda não foram encontradas espécies resistentes ao HLB, o que tem estimulado a utilização de ferramentas biotecnológicas, como a transformação genética, para auxiliar os programas de melhoramento genético, nos quais genes de interesse agronômico são introduzidos visando resistência a doenças. Na busca por uma planta transgênica resistente ao HLB, é desejável obter construções gênicas nas quais o gene de interesse se expresse, preferencialmente, na região em que a bactéria coloniza a planta, ou seja, no caso do HLB, no floema. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar plantas transgênicas de citrange \'Carrizo\' [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] com gene uidA (β-glucuronidase), dirigido pelos promotores dos genes CsPP2.1 (Phloem protein 2) e CsVTE2 (homogentisato fitiltransferase) obtidos de Citrus sinensis. Foram analisadas as especificidades de cada promotor, e estes foram comparados com a ação do promotor constitutivo CaMV35S. Análises moleculares, como Southern blot e qPCR, foram realizadas a fim de verificar o número de cópias do transgene em cada planta avaliada, e quantificar a expressão relativa do gene uidA dirigido pelos diferentes promotores, respectivamente. Análises histológicas foram feitas para verificar a localização da expressão do gene repórter GUS (uidA). A expressão relativa do gene uidA dirigido pelos promotores específicos foi mais baixa quando comparada com o promotor constitutivo CaMV35S, uma vez que estes promotores direcionam a expressão apenas para tecidos específicos. O promotor CsPP2.1 direcionou a expressão do gene uidA para o tecido floemático, mais especificamente junto às células companheiras e elementos de tubo crivado. O promotor CsVTE2 direcionou a expressão do gene repórter preferencialmente para a periferia do parênquima cortical e para as células guarda, o que corresponde às áreas com presença de cloroplastos, além de também direcionar a expressão para o tecido floemático. Apesar de não ser específico de floema, o promotor CsVTE2 constitui-se em uma boa alternativa para construções visando o combate a doenças vasculares por estar envolvido em importantes processos fisiológicos da planta, como o combate a estresses oxidativos e o carregamento de fotoassimilados no floema. Os resultados sugerem que CsPP2.1 e CsVTE2 são promotores potenciais para serem utilizados em construções gênicas visando o controle de doenças vasculares tais como o HLB. / Brazil is the world\'s largest sweet orange producer, leading also the export of frozen concentrated orange juice. However, the citrus industry is constantly threatened by diseases, particularly those caused by bacteria, such as Huanglongbing (HLB). HLB is considered one of the most harmful citrus diseases, leading the plants to their death. The associated agents of this disease are endogenous bacteria restricted to the phloem of the plants (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.). No resistance has been found in Citrus spp. that could be used in breeding programs. Therefore, biotechnological strategies, such as genetic transformation, could help such programs to introduce genes for disease resistance. It is desirable the use of gene constructs that are preferentially expressed where the bacterium colonizes the plant, i.e., the phloem in plants affected by HLB. This study aimed to evaluate transgenic plants of \'Carrizo\' citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] with uidA gene (β-glucuronidase), driven by the promoters of CsPP2.1 (Phloem protein 2) and CsVTE2 (homogentisato fitiltransferase) genes obtained from Citrus sinensis plants. Each promoter specificity was analyzed and gene expression was compared with that induced by the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. Molecular analyses such as Southern blot and qPCR were performed in order to verify the number of transgenic copies in plants and to quantify relative expression of the uidA gene driven by different promoters, respectively. Histological analyses were done in order to identify the exact location of the GUS (uidA) reporter gene expression. Relative expressions of the uidA gene driven by specific promotors were lower than that driven by the CaMV35S constitutive promoter, since the expression was limited to specific tissues. The CsPP2.1 promoter drove the uidA gene expression to the phloem tissue, specifically to the companion cells and sieve elements. On the other hand, CsVTE2 promoter drove the reporter gene expression mainly to the periphery of the cortical parenchyma and to the guard cells, where high number of chloroplasts were present, and also drove the expression to the phloem. Although the CsVTE2 promoter is not phloem-specific, it might be used in gene constructs aiming vascular disease control, since it is involved in physiological processes such as mitigating oxidative stress and photoassimilate phloem loading. The results suggest that CsPP2.1 e CsVTE2 are promising promoters to be used in gene constructs in order to control vascular diseases, such as HLB.
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Expressão do gene uidA sob controle de promotores preferencialmente expressos no floema de plantas transgênicas de citrange \'Carrizo\' / Expression of the uidA gene controlled by promoters preferentially expressed in the phloem of \'Carrizo\' citrange transgenic plantsYane Caroline dos Anjos Bezerra 09 August 2017 (has links)
O Brasil é o maior produtor de laranja do mundo, liderando também a produção e exportação de suco concentrado congelado. Um dos fatores que ameaçam o setor é o grande número de doenças, principalmente, as bacterianas como o Huanglongbing (HLB). O HLB é considerado uma das mais graves doenças dos citros, que compromete seu desenvolvimento e produção, podendo levar à morte das plantas afetadas. Os agentes associados a esta doença são bactérias endógenas restritas ao floema (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.). No gênero Citrus, ainda não foram encontradas espécies resistentes ao HLB, o que tem estimulado a utilização de ferramentas biotecnológicas, como a transformação genética, para auxiliar os programas de melhoramento genético, nos quais genes de interesse agronômico são introduzidos visando resistência a doenças. Na busca por uma planta transgênica resistente ao HLB, é desejável obter construções gênicas nas quais o gene de interesse se expresse, preferencialmente, na região em que a bactéria coloniza a planta, ou seja, no caso do HLB, no floema. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar plantas transgênicas de citrange \'Carrizo\' [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] com gene uidA (β-glucuronidase), dirigido pelos promotores dos genes CsPP2.1 (Phloem protein 2) e CsVTE2 (homogentisato fitiltransferase) obtidos de Citrus sinensis. Foram analisadas as especificidades de cada promotor, e estes foram comparados com a ação do promotor constitutivo CaMV35S. Análises moleculares, como Southern blot e qPCR, foram realizadas a fim de verificar o número de cópias do transgene em cada planta avaliada, e quantificar a expressão relativa do gene uidA dirigido pelos diferentes promotores, respectivamente. Análises histológicas foram feitas para verificar a localização da expressão do gene repórter GUS (uidA). A expressão relativa do gene uidA dirigido pelos promotores específicos foi mais baixa quando comparada com o promotor constitutivo CaMV35S, uma vez que estes promotores direcionam a expressão apenas para tecidos específicos. O promotor CsPP2.1 direcionou a expressão do gene uidA para o tecido floemático, mais especificamente junto às células companheiras e elementos de tubo crivado. O promotor CsVTE2 direcionou a expressão do gene repórter preferencialmente para a periferia do parênquima cortical e para as células guarda, o que corresponde às áreas com presença de cloroplastos, além de também direcionar a expressão para o tecido floemático. Apesar de não ser específico de floema, o promotor CsVTE2 constitui-se em uma boa alternativa para construções visando o combate a doenças vasculares por estar envolvido em importantes processos fisiológicos da planta, como o combate a estresses oxidativos e o carregamento de fotoassimilados no floema. Os resultados sugerem que CsPP2.1 e CsVTE2 são promotores potenciais para serem utilizados em construções gênicas visando o controle de doenças vasculares tais como o HLB. / Brazil is the world\'s largest sweet orange producer, leading also the export of frozen concentrated orange juice. However, the citrus industry is constantly threatened by diseases, particularly those caused by bacteria, such as Huanglongbing (HLB). HLB is considered one of the most harmful citrus diseases, leading the plants to their death. The associated agents of this disease are endogenous bacteria restricted to the phloem of the plants (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.). No resistance has been found in Citrus spp. that could be used in breeding programs. Therefore, biotechnological strategies, such as genetic transformation, could help such programs to introduce genes for disease resistance. It is desirable the use of gene constructs that are preferentially expressed where the bacterium colonizes the plant, i.e., the phloem in plants affected by HLB. This study aimed to evaluate transgenic plants of \'Carrizo\' citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] with uidA gene (β-glucuronidase), driven by the promoters of CsPP2.1 (Phloem protein 2) and CsVTE2 (homogentisato fitiltransferase) genes obtained from Citrus sinensis plants. Each promoter specificity was analyzed and gene expression was compared with that induced by the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. Molecular analyses such as Southern blot and qPCR were performed in order to verify the number of transgenic copies in plants and to quantify relative expression of the uidA gene driven by different promoters, respectively. Histological analyses were done in order to identify the exact location of the GUS (uidA) reporter gene expression. Relative expressions of the uidA gene driven by specific promotors were lower than that driven by the CaMV35S constitutive promoter, since the expression was limited to specific tissues. The CsPP2.1 promoter drove the uidA gene expression to the phloem tissue, specifically to the companion cells and sieve elements. On the other hand, CsVTE2 promoter drove the reporter gene expression mainly to the periphery of the cortical parenchyma and to the guard cells, where high number of chloroplasts were present, and also drove the expression to the phloem. Although the CsVTE2 promoter is not phloem-specific, it might be used in gene constructs aiming vascular disease control, since it is involved in physiological processes such as mitigating oxidative stress and photoassimilate phloem loading. The results suggest that CsPP2.1 e CsVTE2 are promising promoters to be used in gene constructs in order to control vascular diseases, such as HLB.
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A imagem inquieta: pÃs- produÃÃo e sobrevivÃncia no cinema de Gus Van SantCharles Vasconcelos Vale 28 November 2017 (has links)
nÃo hà / A presente pesquisa propÃe fazer uma anÃlise iconolÃgica de parte da obra do cineasta norte- americano Gus Van Sant, utilizando para tanto dois conceitos fundamentais, a saber, PÃs- ProduÃÃo (BOURRIAUD, 2009) e SobrevivÃncia (WARBURG, 2013; DIDI- HUBERMAN, 2013). Selecionamos, para isso, cinco de seus principais filmes, sendo eles respectivamente: Psicose (1998), Gerry (2002), Elefante (2003), Last Days(2005) e Paranoid Park(2007), por acreditar que eles dÃo fÃlego as anÃlises e os conceitos supracitados. Noprimeiro momento tentamos pensar essa filmografia a partir de procedimentos artÃsticos como:apropriaÃÃo, remake, remix, releitura; procedimentos estes relacionados com a arte contemporÃnea, cujo modus operandi pode ser sintetizado pelo termo pÃs-produÃÃo. No segundo momento da pesquisa tentamos pensar essa filmografia em relaÃÃo com a histÃria da arte, analisando essa obra a partir da ideia de sobrevivÃncia (nachleben), um conceito derivado da singular iconologia criada pelo historiador da arte Aby Warburg, que tentou pensar a imagem pelo prisma das sobrevivÃncias das formas antigas em manifestaÃÃes culturais e artÃsticas diversas. Por fim, propomos um ensaio visual acerca dessas obras cinematogrÃficas, utilizando como inspiraÃÃo o âAtlas Mnemosyneâ - matlas de imagens que sintetiza o mÃtodo warburguiano de investigaÃÃo â privilegiando, portanto, a potÃncia imagÃtica em detrimento da historiografia tradicional calcada na palavra. / The present research proposes to make an iconological analysis of part of the work of the American filmmaker Gus Van Sant, using two fundamental concepts, namely Post-Production (BOURRIAUD, 2009) and Survival (WARBURG, 2013; DIDI- HUBERMAN, 2013). We chose five of their main films, respectively: Psycho (1998), Gerry (2002), Elefante (2003), Last Days (2005) and Paranoid Park (2007), for believing they give breaths to the analyzes and the above-mentioned concepts. At first we try to think of this filmography based on artistic procedures such as: appropriation, remake, remix, rereading; procedures related to contemporary art, whose modus operandi can be synthesized by the term post-production. In the second moment of the research we try to think about this filmography in relation to the history of art, analyzing this work from the idea of ​​survival (nachleben), a concept derived from the singular iconology created by the historian of art Aby Warburg, who tried to think the image by prism of the survival of ancient forms in diverse cultural and artistic manifestations. Finally, we propose a visual essay about these cinematographic works, using as inspiration the "Atlas Mnemosyne" - matlas of images that synthesize the Warburguian method of investigation - thus favoring the imagery power to the detriment of the traditional historiography based on the word
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