A pesquisa acadêmica sobre pornografia permaneceu por um longo período monopolizada pela lógica texts and effects; ou seja, a investigação se orientava pela busca de consequências (em âmbitos individual, interpessoal e social) supostamente desencadeadas pelo consumo de materiais pornográficos. Essa linha de pesquisa contribuiu para a polarização do debate científico, fomentando a conformação de retóricas pró e antipornografia. Embora esse tipo de pesquisa ainda prevaleça nas publicações internacionais, desde o final da década de 1980 novos estudos passaram a interrogar a pornografia sob outras perspectivas. A presente pesquisa busca se filiar a esse campo de investigação recente, mas que já rendeu frutos significativos nacional e internacionalmente. A partir de um roteiro procedimental inspirado no método iconológico de Panofsky e ferramentas teórico-conceituais tomadas de empréstimo à psicanálise, elegemos a categoria \"Pornô com história\", da produtora Brasileirinhas (maior empresa do gênero em atividade no país), como fonte de dados. À época da coleta (maio-julho/2017), a categoria contava com 83 filmes, dos quais três foram excluídos do nosso estudo por serem produções estrangeiras. A decisão de trabalhar com filmes dotados de uma narrativa ficcional se deu em função da própria dimensão da pornografia que buscamos aqui dar relevo, a saber, sua natureza fantasística. A visualização de cada filme foi acompanhada da descrição iconográfica atenta a elementos como cenário, roteiro, personagens e diálogos. O material acumulado foi organizado a partir de três eixos: cenários, vocabulário pornô e representações dos sexos. A pesquisa argumenta que o pornô da Brasileirinhas constrói uma representação particular do erotismo que, ao mesmo tempo em que se dirige quase que exclusivamente ao público masculino heterossexual, busca se distanciar de práticas que fujam da heteronormatividade. Enxergamos no conjunto de palavras-fetiche que caracterizam o vocabulário da representação pornográfica manifestações de uma posição ambivalente perante o objeto sexual. Por último, argumentamos que a pornografia oferece a seu público uma solução utópica para ansiedades masculinas em tempos de crescente igualdade entre os gêneros e problematização da masculinidade. Essa solução utópica se materializa em aspectos como a representação de personagens femininas facilmente disponíveis para o sexo, o falo impassível e dotado da capacidade de proporcionar prazeres extraordinários (para si e para outrem). / Academic research related to pornography remained for a long time monopolized by the texts and effects logic. This means that scientific investigation was guided by the search of individual, interpersonal, and social consequences supposedly caused by the consumption of pornographic material. This line of research contributed to the polarization of the scientific discussion and stimulated the conformation of the rhetoric in pro/anti-pornography positions. Although this kind of research still prevails in international publications, studies began to analyze pornography under other perspectives by the late 1980s. The present work seeks to join this new line of studies that have already produced meaningful outcomes in Brazil and internationally. Following procedures based on Palofskys iconological method and managing theoretic and conceptual tools provided by psychoanalysis, we elected the Pornô com História category from Brasileirinhas website (greatest Brazilian pornographic film studio still in activity) as our data source. The category comprises 83 films; three of them were excluded from our study due to being foreign productions. The decision to work with films endowed with a fictional narrative was based on the very dimension of pornography we want to highlight, namely, its fantastical nature. The visualization of each film was followed by the iconographical description of scenarios, plots, characters and dialogues. The collected material was organized into three axes: scenarios, pornographic vocabulary and gender representations. We observed that Brasileirinhas pornographic films present a particular representation of eroticism: while addressed to a male heterosexual public, they try to keep distance from non-heteronormative practices. We also noted the presence of ambivalent behavior toward the sexual object in the fetish-words that constitute the pornographic vocabulary. Finally, we concluded that pornography offers a utopian solution for male anxieties in times of increasing gender equality and problematization of masculinity. This utopian solution is materialized in female characters easily available for sex and the impassive phallus endowed with the capacity to provide extraordinary pleasures (for itself and for others).

A pesquisa acadêmica sobre pornografia permaneceu por um longo período monopolizada pela lógica texts and effects; ou seja, a investigação se orientava pela busca de consequências (em âmbitos individual, interpessoal e social) supostamente desencadeadas pelo consumo de materiais pornográficos. Essa linha de pesquisa contribuiu para a polarização do debate científico, fomentando a conformação de retóricas pró e antipornografia. Embora esse tipo de pesquisa ainda prevaleça nas publicações internacionais, desde o final da década de 1980 novos estudos passaram a interrogar a pornografia sob outras perspectivas. A presente pesquisa busca se filiar a esse campo de investigação recente, mas que já rendeu frutos significativos nacional e internacionalmente. A partir de um roteiro procedimental inspirado no método iconológico de Panofsky e ferramentas teórico-conceituais tomadas de empréstimo à psicanálise, elegemos a categoria \"Pornô com história\", da produtora Brasileirinhas (maior empresa do gênero em atividade no país), como fonte de dados. À época da coleta (maio-julho/2017), a categoria contava com 83 filmes, dos quais três foram excluídos do nosso estudo por serem produções estrangeiras. A decisão de trabalhar com filmes dotados de uma narrativa ficcional se deu em função da própria dimensão da pornografia que buscamos aqui dar relevo, a saber, sua natureza fantasística. A visualização de cada filme foi acompanhada da descrição iconográfica atenta a elementos como cenário, roteiro, personagens e diálogos. O material acumulado foi organizado a partir de três eixos: cenários, vocabulário pornô e representações dos sexos. A pesquisa argumenta que o pornô da Brasileirinhas constrói uma representação particular do erotismo que, ao mesmo tempo em que se dirige quase que exclusivamente ao público masculino heterossexual, busca se distanciar de práticas que fujam da heteronormatividade. Enxergamos no conjunto de palavras-fetiche que caracterizam o vocabulário da representação pornográfica manifestações de uma posição ambivalente perante o objeto sexual. Por último, argumentamos que a pornografia oferece a seu público uma solução utópica para ansiedades masculinas em tempos de crescente igualdade entre os gêneros e problematização da masculinidade. Essa solução utópica se materializa em aspectos como a representação de personagens femininas facilmente disponíveis para o sexo, o falo impassível e dotado da capacidade de proporcionar prazeres extraordinários (para si e para outrem). / Academic research related to pornography remained for a long time monopolized by the texts and effects logic. This means that scientific investigation was guided by the search of individual, interpersonal, and social consequences supposedly caused by the consumption of pornographic material. This line of research contributed to the polarization of the scientific discussion and stimulated the conformation of the rhetoric in pro/anti-pornography positions. Although this kind of research still prevails in international publications, studies began to analyze pornography under other perspectives by the late 1980s. The present work seeks to join this new line of studies that have already produced meaningful outcomes in Brazil and internationally. Following procedures based on Palofskys iconological method and managing theoretic and conceptual tools provided by psychoanalysis, we elected the Pornô com História category from Brasileirinhas website (greatest Brazilian pornographic film studio still in activity) as our data source. The category comprises 83 films; three of them were excluded from our study due to being foreign productions. The decision to work with films endowed with a fictional narrative was based on the very dimension of pornography we want to highlight, namely, its fantastical nature. The visualization of each film was followed by the iconographical description of scenarios, plots, characters and dialogues. The collected material was organized into three axes: scenarios, pornographic vocabulary and gender representations. We observed that Brasileirinhas pornographic films present a particular representation of eroticism: while addressed to a male heterosexual public, they try to keep distance from non-heteronormative practices. We also noted the presence of ambivalent behavior toward the sexual object in the fetish-words that constitute the pornographic vocabulary. Finally, we concluded that pornography offers a utopian solution for male anxieties in times of increasing gender equality and problematization of masculinity. This utopian solution is materialized in female characters easily available for sex and the impassive phallus endowed with the capacity to provide extraordinary pleasures (for itself and for others).

Kolokol: Spectres of the Russian Bell, submitted by Jason Kaminski in fulfilment of the requirements of PhD (Humanities and Social Sciences) candidature at the University of Technology, Sydney, is an interpretative history of Russian bells (kolokola) and bell music (zvon). As a cultural object and sign, the Russian bell is associated with ideas of transcendence, and ideological and creative ‘vision.’ This interpretation of the signification of the kolokol as a sign arises directly from the perception that the bell is essentially a physical (anthropomorphic) body that is capable of ‘projecting’ or ‘transcending’ itself in the form of a spectrum. This essential ‘spectrality’ defines a history of the Russian bell as an instrument of magical, spiritual and religious ritual, as a cultural artefact associated with changing ideological movements (paganism, Christianity and communism) and as a sign represented synaesthetically in image, sound and text. Ethnographic and campanological studies observe that the kolokol ‘reflects Russian social history like a mirror’, representing the ‘voice of God’ or Logos as an aural or ‘singing’ icon, pointing to the primordial origins of language. This dissertation further investigates the idea that the kolokol acts as an ‘acoustical mirror’ and ‘ideological apparatus’: a medium or spectre through which Russian history and culture is interpellated and reflected. The various logical streams (storytelling, legend, script, text, song, cultural theory, philosophy and ethnography) that contribute to this dissertation form a textual ‘polyphony’ through which the essential meanings and ‘personae’ of the kolokol as a cultural object are interpreted. The bell is regarded as presenting an enigma of signification that must be resolved through investigation and definition. The thesis concludes that the kolokol acts as an iconic sign of the creative ‘Word’ (Logos) and as a symbolic sign that implies a ‘bridge’, copula or psychic ‘hook’, articulating the relationship between the cosmos and consciousness, the material and spiritual, the real and imaginary. Keywords: Russia, Russian History, Russian Arts, Russian Music, Russian Poetry, Russian Political History, Russian Orthodoxy, Russian Revolution, Bell-founding, Bell Music, Bell-ringing, Campanology, Iconology, Kolokol, Zvon. Word-count: 82,250 (excluding endnotes) 98,300 (including endnotes).

Kolokol: Spectres of the Russian Bell, submitted by Jason Kaminski in fulfilment of the requirements of PhD (Humanities and Social Sciences) candidature at the University of Technology, Sydney, is an interpretative history of Russian bells (kolokola) and bell music (zvon). As a cultural object and sign, the Russian bell is associated with ideas of transcendence, and ideological and creative ‘vision.’ This interpretation of the signification of the kolokol as a sign arises directly from the perception that the bell is essentially a physical (anthropomorphic) body that is capable of ‘projecting’ or ‘transcending’ itself in the form of a spectrum. This essential ‘spectrality’ defines a history of the Russian bell as an instrument of magical, spiritual and religious ritual, as a cultural artefact associated with changing ideological movements (paganism, Christianity and communism) and as a sign represented synaesthetically in image, sound and text. Ethnographic and campanological studies observe that the kolokol ‘reflects Russian social history like a mirror’, representing the ‘voice of God’ or Logos as an aural or ‘singing’ icon, pointing to the primordial origins of language. This dissertation further investigates the idea that the kolokol acts as an ‘acoustical mirror’ and ‘ideological apparatus’: a medium or spectre through which Russian history and culture is interpellated and reflected. The various logical streams (storytelling, legend, script, text, song, cultural theory, philosophy and ethnography) that contribute to this dissertation form a textual ‘polyphony’ through which the essential meanings and ‘personae’ of the kolokol as a cultural object are interpreted. The bell is regarded as presenting an enigma of signification that must be resolved through investigation and definition. The thesis concludes that the kolokol acts as an iconic sign of the creative ‘Word’ (Logos) and as a symbolic sign that implies a ‘bridge’, copula or psychic ‘hook’, articulating the relationship between the cosmos and consciousness, the material and spiritual, the real and imaginary. Keywords: Russia, Russian History, Russian Arts, Russian Music, Russian Poetry, Russian Political History, Russian Orthodoxy, Russian Revolution, Bell-founding, Bell Music, Bell-ringing, Campanology, Iconology, Kolokol, Zvon. Word-count: 82,250 (excluding endnotes) 98,300 (including endnotes).

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L’étude des concepts fondamentaux de l’iconologie permet de dégager la conception de l’art, de l’histoire et de la création qu’elle implique. L’examen de l’analyse iconographique, des formations par analogie et de la critique du formalisme de Wölfflin permet de réviser l’idée selon laquelle l’intellectualisme de Panofsky le conduirait à méconnaître la spécificité du visuel. La mise au jour des torsions que l’iconologue fait subir au concept de forme symbolique clarifie la question du néo-kantisme et pose celle de l’usage de concepts (philosophiques) par l’historien. Le propre de la démarche historienne ressort aussi de l’analyse du concept rieglien de Kunstwollen qui engage la théorie de la création, la définition de l’art, son autonomie et la légitimité de l’iconologie. Celle-ci passe également par la résolution d’une tension entre le souci d’écarter toute approche esthétique ou normative de l’objet d’art et la nécessaire prise en compte de sa spécificité épistémologique et pratique. Enfin le concept d’habitus et la refonte des notions d’influences et de tradition lèvent l’antinomie entre liberté créatrice et nécessité historique. L’usage du modèle dialectique (hégélien) de l’histoire relève d’un choix de méthode et d’une prise de distance par rapport à Warburg dont les concepts centraux sont détournés. / The study of the fundamental concepts of iconology enables us to identify the idea of art, of history and of creation it presupposes and also to rethink the traditional interpretation which is made of it. The analysis of the iconographical moment, of the creation by analogy and of the criticism of Wölfflin’s formalism challenges the idea that Panofsky supposedly fails to recognize the implacability of the visual aspect. As for Panofsky’s thesis of Neo-Kantianism, it is based on resorting to the concept of symbolic form. But the twisting it undergoes is relevant of the unique way in which the historian resorts to (philosophical) concepts. The distinguishing feature of the historical approach also emerges from the study of the Rieglian Kunstwollen concept which involves the theory of creation, the definition and the autonomy of art, and the legitimacy of iconology. This legitimacy also emerges from the solving of the tension between the desire to turn down any esthetical or normative approach of the objet d’art, and the necessity to take its epistemological and practical specificity into account. The historian’s will to be objective and the transformation of the taste-based judgment into the knowledge-based judgment it seems to imply are also questioned. Finally, the concept of habitus and the transformation of the notions of influence and tradition remove the antinomy between creative freedom and historical necessity. The use of the dialectic (Hegelian) model of history is a choice of method and implies that Panofsky voluntarily stands back from Warburg’s philosophy, the key concepts of which are thus embezzled.

The aim of this thesis is to explore and evaluate the scientific work of art historian Rudolf Chadraba who is generally considered to be one of the founders and the most distinctive representatives of an iconological method in czech art history. The Master's thesis doesn't make efforts to survey Chadraba's scientific career from biographic point of view in a clearly and chronologically way, because the main focus of the interpretation lies on starting points of Chadraba's work, specific influences on him, particular motifs and themes, which are penetrating and reflected in his academical works of art historian and which therefore form his peculiar method. Biographical information about Rudolf Chadraba is introduced here only briefly, the text tends to point out Chadraba's transdisciplinary approach and his extensive conception of iconology. Moreover, it pays a lot of attention to influences of such personalities as Max Dvořák, Ladislav Cejp, Alois Dempf, Josef Strzygowski or Herbert Read, who represent important source of inspiration in Chadraba's scientific work. Theories and methods of these scholars in connection with Chadraba's interest in tradition and triumphalism in christian art initiated his pursuing parallels between european and oriental art, which were insufficiently employed in czech art...

This thesis investigates the iconography, iconology, and style of Juan Bautista Maino s Adoration of the Shepherds (1615-1620) located at the Meadows Museum, Dallas, Texas. The study begins with an overview of general information on Maino and his works. Chapter 2 explores the evolution of the Adoration of the Shepherds depiction in art, while examining social and political factors which may have influenced Maino's iconographical choices. Chapter 3 is a comparative analysis of the Meadows Adoration of the Shepherds to two other Adoration of the Shepherds by Maino, revealing a stylistic progression and presenting an argument for the dates the Meadows painting was rendered. Chapter 4 reviews the findings and suggests further study on this and other paintings by Maino.

A presente Tese propõe uma nova abordagem da leitura de textos do período conhecido por Barroco e, para isso, fez-se necessário criar novos termos que correspondessem a essa expectativa: a iconofotologia e poemas fotográficos. Para que um leitor contemporâneo possa ler e compreender textos daquele período, teria de ter acesso a uma chave sígnica a que somente os leitores do Barroco tinham acesso: as iconologias. No entanto, esse referencial se perdeu, por isso temos de substituí-lo por um outro, a partir do acervo imagético-fotográfico de que dispomos hoje e que chamamos de iconofotológico. A partir dele, será possível lermos, sob o ponto de vista contemporâneo (não sob o ponto de vista seiscentista), os poemas que denominamos fotográficos. / The present Thesis intends to give a new approach to the reading of texts from the period known as Baroque and, for that, it was necessary to create new terms that corresponded to this expectation: the iconophotology and photographic poems. In order to enable a reader to read and understand texts of that period, he would have to have access to a signical key to which only readers of that moment had access: the iconologies. However, such reference has been lost; therefore, we have to replace it by another one, from the imagetic-photographic collection we have, which is called iconophotological. With this premise, it will be possible to read, under the contemporary point of view (not under the baroque point of view), the so- called photographic poems.