Este trabalho analisa pinturas murais religiosas sobre temáticas relacionadas à morte e ao além, encontradas em igrejas católicas da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Pinturas realizadas ao longo do século XX e selecionadas com base em amostragem reunida em arquivos fotográficos representativos de 192 municípios. A partir de uma abordagem iconológica, busca entender: como os modelos iconográficos europeus foram retomados pelo muralismo religioso regional. Para tanto, identifica a origem dos principais temas escatológicos representados, bem como algumas das fontes visuais utilizadas, compostas, sobretudo, por gravuras que reproduzem temas religiosos de obras dos séculos XV ao início do século XX. Entre as formas evitadas pelo muralismo rio-grandense destacam-se: alusões à nudez, poses com pouco dinamismo, e gestos considerados constrangedores para os padrões morais da região. Nas formas incluídas, destacam-se as poses com expressão gestual mais acentuada, vestes moralizantes e detalhes zoomórficos na figuração de demônios. Enquanto que o conjunto das formas preservadas aponta para um predomínio dos gestos representativos de emoções intensas. Com base nos estudos de Aby Warburg sobre a influência da empatia no resgate de configurações emotivas, e a partir do resultado das análises formais, foi estruturada a proposição principal desta pesquisa. Proposição que procura evidenciar uma relação entre a eficiência empática dos antigos gestos de ações passionais e a conseqüente preservação desses no muralismo religioso escatológico regional. / This work analyzes paintings murais on themes related to the death and to the beyond found at Catholic churches of the central area of Rio Grande do Sul. These paintings accomplished along the century XX there were selected from the sampling gathered in representative photographic files of 192 municipal districts. Starting from an iconological approach it looks for to understand: How the European iconographic models were retaken by the regional religious mural painting . For so much, it identifies the origin of the main eschatological themes represented and some of the visual sources used, which were composed, above all, for engravings that reproduce religious themes from works of art originated between the century XV and the beginning of the century XX. Among the forms avoided by the mural paintings of Rio Grande do Sul stand out: allusions to the nakedness, pose with little dynamism, and gestures considered constraining for the moral patterns of the region. In the included forms, there are poses with gesture expression more accentuated, zoomorphic details in the demons' figuration, and moralized garments, while the group of preserved forms appears for a prevalence of the representative gestures of intense emotions. With base in Aby Warburg's studies ou the influence of the empathy in the rescue emotional configurations, and starting from the result of the formal analyses, the main proposition of this research was structured . Proposition that tries to evidence a relationship: that links the emphatic efficiency of the old gestures of passionate actions and the consequent preservation of those in the regional religious mural paintings.

Este trabalho analisa pinturas murais religiosas sobre temáticas relacionadas à morte e ao além, encontradas em igrejas católicas da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Pinturas realizadas ao longo do século XX e selecionadas com base em amostragem reunida em arquivos fotográficos representativos de 192 municípios. A partir de uma abordagem iconológica, busca entender: como os modelos iconográficos europeus foram retomados pelo muralismo religioso regional. Para tanto, identifica a origem dos principais temas escatológicos representados, bem como algumas das fontes visuais utilizadas, compostas, sobretudo, por gravuras que reproduzem temas religiosos de obras dos séculos XV ao início do século XX. Entre as formas evitadas pelo muralismo rio-grandense destacam-se: alusões à nudez, poses com pouco dinamismo, e gestos considerados constrangedores para os padrões morais da região. Nas formas incluídas, destacam-se as poses com expressão gestual mais acentuada, vestes moralizantes e detalhes zoomórficos na figuração de demônios. Enquanto que o conjunto das formas preservadas aponta para um predomínio dos gestos representativos de emoções intensas. Com base nos estudos de Aby Warburg sobre a influência da empatia no resgate de configurações emotivas, e a partir do resultado das análises formais, foi estruturada a proposição principal desta pesquisa. Proposição que procura evidenciar uma relação entre a eficiência empática dos antigos gestos de ações passionais e a conseqüente preservação desses no muralismo religioso escatológico regional. / This work analyzes paintings murais on themes related to the death and to the beyond found at Catholic churches of the central area of Rio Grande do Sul. These paintings accomplished along the century XX there were selected from the sampling gathered in representative photographic files of 192 municipal districts. Starting from an iconological approach it looks for to understand: How the European iconographic models were retaken by the regional religious mural painting . For so much, it identifies the origin of the main eschatological themes represented and some of the visual sources used, which were composed, above all, for engravings that reproduce religious themes from works of art originated between the century XV and the beginning of the century XX. Among the forms avoided by the mural paintings of Rio Grande do Sul stand out: allusions to the nakedness, pose with little dynamism, and gestures considered constraining for the moral patterns of the region. In the included forms, there are poses with gesture expression more accentuated, zoomorphic details in the demons' figuration, and moralized garments, while the group of preserved forms appears for a prevalence of the representative gestures of intense emotions. With base in Aby Warburg's studies ou the influence of the empathy in the rescue emotional configurations, and starting from the result of the formal analyses, the main proposition of this research was structured . Proposition that tries to evidence a relationship: that links the emphatic efficiency of the old gestures of passionate actions and the consequent preservation of those in the regional religious mural paintings.

Dans les pays du Moyen Orient, nous sommes face à une réalité complexe, qui est encore peu comprise en Europe. Les médias nous dépeignent souvent une société majoritairement islamique fondamentaliste. Cette image, qui pourrait relever d’une représentation tardive du Moyen Orient par l’Occident est empreinte de problématiques d’ordre économique et sociétal. Une analyse précise permet de mettre au jour des singularités nationales et intranationales. Les développements artistiques profitent de ces sources multiples. Pour inclure les artistes du Moyen Orient dans l’histoire de l’art du monde, et comprendre les œuvres d’art contemporain, nous nous sommes servis de plusieurs approches. Outre l’analyse esthétique et la recherche d’influences formelles, il s’agit de comprendre les positions politiques de l'artiste, sa psychologie, son rôle dans la société, mais aussi la place de la religion dans la vie publique, la valeur attribuée à l’art contemporain et sa réception dans la société. Les marchés de l’art sont manifestement mondialisés, les critiques et commissaires d’expositions influencés par les goûts et jugements occidentaux et pour tout compliquer, nombre d’artistes qui se réclament d’un pays du Moyen Orient sont nés et vivent dans un pays occidental. Nous pouvons, en lien avec tous ces paramètres, constater des développements rapides dans le domaine de la production artistique et celui de sa diffusion dans la région. Notre recherche concerne ici à la production artistique actuelle de six pays et/ou peuples de la région: l’Egypte, la Jordanie, la Syrie, le Liban, la Palestine, Israël, et les Kurdes. / We face complexe realities in the countries of the Middle East and they are still often ignored in Europe. The media usually show us societies which are basically Muslim fundamentalist. This image is a shadow of the late colonialisation of the Middle East and is influenced by our own social and economic problems. The differences between countries, and inside the actual countries, are analysed in order to understand artistic development and to include the artists of the Middle East in the world’s Art history. To understand the contemporary works of artists, we used a variety of approaches. Besides the aesthetic analysis and the research of formal influences, we also regarded the political position of the artist, his or her psychology, his or her role in society, but also the place of religion in public life, the value given to contemporary art inside the society and the way it is perceived. The world art markets are globalised, art critics and curators are however influenced by the tastes and judgements of the West, and to complicate the whole matter, a great number of artists who claim to come from a certain place in the Middle East are actually born somewhere else and live in diaspora. We can, in using all these parameters, see the rapid developments in the production of art and its appreciation in the region. This research aims to scrutinize the actual artistic production of six peoples in the region: Egypt, Jordan, Libanon, Palestine, Israel and the Kurds.

Este trabalho analisa pinturas murais religiosas sobre temáticas relacionadas à morte e ao além, encontradas em igrejas católicas da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Pinturas realizadas ao longo do século XX e selecionadas com base em amostragem reunida em arquivos fotográficos representativos de 192 municípios. A partir de uma abordagem iconológica, busca entender: como os modelos iconográficos europeus foram retomados pelo muralismo religioso regional. Para tanto, identifica a origem dos principais temas escatológicos representados, bem como algumas das fontes visuais utilizadas, compostas, sobretudo, por gravuras que reproduzem temas religiosos de obras dos séculos XV ao início do século XX. Entre as formas evitadas pelo muralismo rio-grandense destacam-se: alusões à nudez, poses com pouco dinamismo, e gestos considerados constrangedores para os padrões morais da região. Nas formas incluídas, destacam-se as poses com expressão gestual mais acentuada, vestes moralizantes e detalhes zoomórficos na figuração de demônios. Enquanto que o conjunto das formas preservadas aponta para um predomínio dos gestos representativos de emoções intensas. Com base nos estudos de Aby Warburg sobre a influência da empatia no resgate de configurações emotivas, e a partir do resultado das análises formais, foi estruturada a proposição principal desta pesquisa. Proposição que procura evidenciar uma relação entre a eficiência empática dos antigos gestos de ações passionais e a conseqüente preservação desses no muralismo religioso escatológico regional. / This work analyzes paintings murais on themes related to the death and to the beyond found at Catholic churches of the central area of Rio Grande do Sul. These paintings accomplished along the century XX there were selected from the sampling gathered in representative photographic files of 192 municipal districts. Starting from an iconological approach it looks for to understand: How the European iconographic models were retaken by the regional religious mural painting . For so much, it identifies the origin of the main eschatological themes represented and some of the visual sources used, which were composed, above all, for engravings that reproduce religious themes from works of art originated between the century XV and the beginning of the century XX. Among the forms avoided by the mural paintings of Rio Grande do Sul stand out: allusions to the nakedness, pose with little dynamism, and gestures considered constraining for the moral patterns of the region. In the included forms, there are poses with gesture expression more accentuated, zoomorphic details in the demons' figuration, and moralized garments, while the group of preserved forms appears for a prevalence of the representative gestures of intense emotions. With base in Aby Warburg's studies ou the influence of the empathy in the rescue emotional configurations, and starting from the result of the formal analyses, the main proposition of this research was structured . Proposition that tries to evidence a relationship: that links the emphatic efficiency of the old gestures of passionate actions and the consequent preservation of those in the regional religious mural paintings.

Dans le décor des coupes dites «phéniciennes», dont l’éclectisme a posé tant de questions, nous étudions les éléments d’origine mésopotamienne. Ces éléments concernent aussi bien les thèmes des représentations que leur mise en œuvre formelle ; nous en avons retracé la pénétration dans le corpus des coupes et leur diffusion. Du moment où la civilisation levantine a produit ces coupes, nous avons cherché à déterminer la façon dont elle a assimilé et adapté les types iconographiques mésopotamiens à l’expression de son propre univers culturel, ainsi que les critères qui ont pu orienter son choix des motifs parmi le vaste répertoire mésopotamien. Notre approche se veut iconologique : l’analyse du décor des coupes « phéniciennes » s’accompagne de l’étude de l’objet en tant que support matériel, de sa forme, de sa fonction, de sa valeur matérielle et symbolique, comme du cadre historique et culturel dans lequel cette catégorie spécifique de vaisselle a été produite. / This research concerns elements of Mesopotamian origin in the decoration of the so-called « Phoenician » bowls, whose eclectic nature has been long debated. My study focuses on two different aspects of this class of vessels. First, following the traditional iconographical approach, I study the formal and thematic elements of the various bowls in this series. Second, as the « Phoenician » bowls were produced within the Levantine culture, I aim to establish to what extend they reflect the way the Levantine culture assimilated and adapted Mesopotamian iconography for the expression of its own customs and values. I also intend to find out what cri-teria guided the Levantine artists in selecting which motifs to put on the bowls from the rich Mesopotamian iconographic repertoire.In addition, my approach is iconological: in order to ascertain what the Mesopotamian iconography reveals about the society where the « Phoenician » bowls were produced and used, I study the material aspects of the bowl in light of the figurative imagery, paying attention to its shape, its function, its material and symbolic value, foregrounding the historical context in which this class of vessel was produced.

L’histoire des monuments religieux de la rive droite de Paris au Moyen Âge est étroitement liée à celle dudéveloppement de la ville. L’étude considère, sur dix siècles, l’ensemble des manifestations monumentales, dela simple chapelle à l’enclos monastique, comme des éléments structurants de la « Ville ». Lorsque le Parismédiéval atteint son apogée dans le courant du XIVe siècle, l’évolution de la construction religieuse dépendd’un espace urbain complexe dans lequel se confrontent les pouvoirs royal, ecclésiastique et laïc. La création etle développement du fait monumental religieux sont soumis à des influences architecturales diverses et à dessituations multiples dans un contexte bâti de plus en plus dense. La compilation de ces données architecturalesrépond à de nouvelles problématiques d’étude du paysage urbain, notamment l’iconologie des monuments, enmettant en place une méthodologie au confluent d’analyses architecturale, topographique, cartographique eticonologique. / The history of the religious monuments of Paris right bank in the Middle Ages is closely linked to that of thecity’s development. This study is looking at every monumental expression as structuring elements of the ‘City’,from the simple chapel to the monastic enclosure, over ten centuries of history. When medieval Paris reachedits pinnacle during the fourteenth century, the evolution of religious construction depended on a complexurban space in which royal, ecclesiastical and lay powers confronted each other. The creation and developmentof the religious monumental phenomenon were the result of diverse architectural influences and manifoldsituations, in a progressively denser built context. The compiling of this architectural data responds to newproblems regarding the study of the urban landscape, specifically the iconology of monuments, by establishinga new methodology at the crossroad of architectural, topographical, cartographical and iconological analysis.

En las producciones audiovisuales se utilizan modelos arquetípicos de personajes para causar un efecto de identificación por parte del público con lo que está observando. Los modelos clásicos de construcción de historias suelen ser “el bien vs el mal'', inspirados en la estructura de composición narrativa que se utilizó en la Biblia. En el cine actual, muchos de los films del género terror retratan como antagonista a un miembro del clero, religiosos extremistas e incluso, como solución al obstáculo principal de la trama, se propone realizar algún rito cristiano, por ejemplo, practicando exorcismos. Por otro lado, en el género de horror, esta relación con la simbología cristiana no se suele apreciar tan explícita. Debido a que se muestran crímenes muy sangrientos y otros actos violentos. En este artículo se propone realizar un estudio cualitativo que usará la técnica del análisis de contenido. Para desglosar la composición de los personajes de la cuarta temporada de la serie de Televisión “American Horror Story: Freak Show” y luego establecer su paralelo con la simbología cristiana. / In audiovisual productions archetypal models of characters are used to cause an effect of identification on the part of the public with what they are observing. The classic models of story construction are usually "good vs evil", inspired by the narrative composition structure that was used in the Bible. In today's cinema, many of the films of the horror genre portray a member of the clergy, religious extremists as antagonists and even, as a solution to the main obstacle of the plot, it is proposed to carry out a Christian rite, for example, practicing exorcisms. On the other hand, in the horror genre, this relationship with Christian symbolism is not usually appreciated so explicitly. Because very bloody crimes and other violent acts are shown. This article proposes to carry out a qualitative study that will use the content analysis technique. To break down the composition of the characters of the fourth season of the television series "American Horror Story: Freak Show" and then establish its parallel with Christian symbology. / Trabajo de investigación

Studiens syfte var att uppmärksamma den svenska konstnären Elli Hemberg. Som ett exempel på ett av konstnärens offentligt placerade verk, analyserades och tolkades skulpturen Tre löv (1974) med ikonografisk/ikonologisk teori och metod. Analysen inspirerades även av semiotisk och receptionsestetisk teori och metod. Konstnären gestaltade en skulptur i rostfritt stål föreställande tre löv. Genom att använda ett klart och enhetligt formspråk skapade konstnären balans och harmoni, men även liv och rörelse i skulpturen. Skulpturens inre mening tolkades som samtida kritik av modernismens konstutveckling. Olika slags kontexter kan ha avgörande betydelse för betraktarens tolkning av verket. / The aim of the study was to draw attention to the Swedish artist Elli Hemberg. As an example of one of the artist´s publicly placed works, the sculpture Three Leaves (1974) was analyzed and interpreted using iconographic/iconological theory and method. The analysis was also inspired using semiotic and reception aesthetic theory and method. The artist created a stainless steel sculpture representing three leaves. By using a clear and uniform design language, the artist created balance and harmony, but also life and movement in the sculpture. The inner meaning of the sculpture was interpreted as contemporary criticism of the development of art during the modern era. Different kinds of contexts can be decisive for the viewer´s interpretation of the sculpture.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate The Woman with the Puppets by Isobel Gloag from a feminist perspective, to find how it challenge the male gaze and patriarchy. I also seek to understand how other female artists past and present compare to Gloag’s painting. The method is Panofsky’s iconology with modifications through Aavitsland’s thoughts of the grammatical structure that the composition holds. To reach social bearings upon the ability to generate this type of historical genre painting Bourdieu’s toolbox of capital, habitus and strategies has been applied. The painting is a feminist expression of the feminist discussions regarding marriage, equality and law that took place at the time of the paintings creation. Through the use of established norm with an ambiguity, female nude and male marionette puppets, the male gaze and patriarchy is challenged. Gloag is the only female artist of her time that has generated a history genre painting in a feminist spirit that challenges multitude of issues in one composition.

Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels et audio‐visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Ce mémoire de maîtrise étudie le traitement de l’espace dans les films Badlands (1973) et Days of Heaven (1978), du cinéaste américain Terrence Malick. Je m’intéresse dans un premier temps à montrer comment le traitement spatial de ces œuvres se démarque des conventions cinématographiques classiques en développant autour de la multitude de procédés et stratégies mis en œuvre par Malick pour rendre sensible et réflexif l’espace - sonore et visuel – des deux films, lequel est conçu pour être littéralement «habité» par les personnages mais également par les spectateurs. J’observe ensuite les implications (esthétiques, narratives, iconologiques, philosophiques, poétiques, etc.) de ce traitement singulier de l’espace filmique en montrant comment le cinéaste parvient à créer différents types de sensations et construire son discours par et à travers l’espace de ses œuvres. Le mémoire porte une attention particulière à la notion de «paysage filmique» et se structure en trois chapitres, lesquels étudient respectivement l’espace chez Malick en termes de «sensations» (sensibilité de l’espace, «mise en vue» du paysage au sein des deux films), de «relations» (relations entre les différents espaces et relations entre les personnages et l’espace) et de «mémoire» (densité «iconologique» du paysage). Aussi, j’aborde d’autres questions importantes au cours du projet et je reviens à plusieurs endroits sur la dimension «poétique» du cinéma de Malick et sur la «réflexivité spatiale» de ses films (réflexivité et aspect «attractionnel» du paysage, réflexivité de la voix-off, réflexivité de l’organisation et de la structure spatiales du récit, réflexivité du «tissage spectral»). Enfin, il est question de montrer au fil du mémoire que Malick parvient à édifier avec le cinéma, et par là avec l’espace et le paysage, un véritable espace de pensée qui «déborde» du cadre filmique. / This Master’s thesis studies the treatment of space in Terrence Malick’s films Badlands (1973) and Days of Heaven (1978). First I apply myself to show how the treatment of space in these films distinguishes itself from classical cinematographic conventions, developing on the multitude of strategies used by Malick to make space (both visual and sound) sensitive and reflexive in the two films. Space here is created to be literally «inhabited» by the characters as well as the spectators. I then observe and comment on the implications (esthetical, narrative, iconological, philosophical, poetical, etc.) of this peculiar treatment of film space by showing how the filmmaker creates different types of sensations and constructs his discourse with and through space of his films. The thesis pays special attention to the concept of «film landscape» and structures itself in three chapters, which respectively study space in Malick’s work in terms of «sensation» (space sensitivity, «mise en vue» of the landscape in both films studied), of «relationship» (relationships between the different spaces and relationships between characters and space), and of «memory» («iconological» density of the landscape). In the project I also touch other important questions, coming back several times on the «poetical» dimension of Malick’s cinema and on the «space reflexivity» of his films (reflexivity and «attractional» aspect of the landscape, reflexivity of the voice-over, reflexivity of the organization and space structure of the story, iconological reflexivity). Finally, throughout the thesis I try to show that through filmmaking, and therefore through space and landscape, Malick creates a true space of thoughts that goes «beyond» his films.