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Human health implications of exposure to xenoestrogens from foodThomson, Barbara Mary January 2005 (has links)
This thesis aims to assess the human health impact of exposure to estrogenic compounds from the diet. A multi-disciplinary approach is taken to address various aspects of this issue. An introduction to xenoestrogens, including international research priorities, wildlife and human health effects, mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and additivity of estrogenic effects is provided as background information. An assessment of exposure to a range of naturally occurring and synthetic estrogenic compounds found in food is derived in Chapter 2. The assessment combines new and existing data on food concentration, food consumption and serum levels for each xenoestrogen. Exposure is combined with relative estrogenic potency data from published bioassasy data to estimate risk relative to normal circulating levels of estradiol. Assuming additivity of xenoestrogens, for an average New Zealand male and for post-menopausal women, xenoestrogens in the diet contribute an additional 12-90% of estrogenicity above normal circulating levels. For a pre-menopausal female, the contribution from the diet represents in the order of an additional 2%. The level of exposure determined in this thesis would seem to be of pharmacological relevance, especially for men with low levels of estrogen and for post-menopausal women. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important monomer used in the manufacture of epoxy resins for internal food can linings. A survey of the BPA content of a range of 80 canned foods available to the New Zealand consumer was undertaken and the results used in the exposure and risk assessments. BPA was detected in all foods analysed except soft drinks, at concentrations ranging from <10-29 µg/kg, except for individual samples of tuna, corned beef and coconut cream that were 109, 98 and 191 µg/kg respectively. None, of over 4000 individual exposure scenarios, exceeded the temporary Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 10 µg/kg body weight per day set by the Scientific Committee on Food in 2002. Intestinal microflora influence the bioavailability of the naturally occurring xenoestrogens genistein and daidzein that contribute significantly to total estrogenicity from the diet. The degradation of genistein and daidzein by the faecal microfloral of 5 human subjects was variable and unpredictable between individuals and within an individual. These findings have important implications for the promotion and prescription of soy foods and supplements for disease prevention and health benefits. The "yeast assay" is one of a number of methods available to measure estrogenicity. This assay was established and validated. In utero exposure to estrogenic compounds at critical periods of sexual differentiation and endocrine development may imprint for health effects observed later in life. Placental transfer of estrogenicity, from 17β-estradiol was studied using the human placental perfusion model and the yeast assay. The placenta provides a protective barrier to the transfer of estrogenicity. Experiments with genistein showed that 5-15% placental transfer occurred, suggesting that in utero exposure might be in the order of 10% of maternal exposure. The thesis concludes with consideration of a genomic approach to substantiate, or refute, the mechanistic link between exposure to xenoestrogens and claimed human health effect. Such an approach offers exciting opportunity to clarify the mode of action of the synthetic versus the naturally occurring xenoestrogens, to confirm or dispute additivity of effect that is an important premise of the exposure assessment, to identify key genes involved in the many possible health effects and thence risk to the individual from dietary exposure to xenoestrogens.
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Does civic engagement matter? : soziale Beteiligung und Public policy in Ecuador /Schmitt, Carina. January 2007 (has links)
Zugl.: Mainz, Universiẗat, Magisterarbeit.
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Zwischen Nähe und Distanz Arbeit und Leben südniedersächsischer Gutsarbeiter im 19. JahrhundertBaalmann, Maria January 2003 (has links)
Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2003
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Die Ökonomie sensibler Güter : Analyse gesellschaftlich exponierter Güter und Dienstleistungen /Schlenkrich, Kay. January 2006 (has links)
Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Düsseldorf.
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Essays on social choice and mechanism design /Samejima, Yusuke. January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
NY, Columbia Univ., Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Diss.--New York, 2004. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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Der Kommunitarismus als Lösungsansatz für ökonomische Entscheidungsprobleme /Rentrop, Britta. January 2007 (has links)
Universiẗat, Diss.--Darmstadt, 2007.
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Bilanzierung von Software : Ansatz, Bewertung und Umsatzrealisation von Software nach HGB, IFRS und US-GAAP /Suermann, Jan-Christoph. January 2007 (has links)
Univ., Diss.--Würzburg, 2006.
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Wertrelevanz von Patentinformationen im Kontext der Rechnungslegung : eine empirische Betrachtung für börsennotierte Kapitalgesellschaften in Deutschland /Trautwein, Andreas. January 2007 (has links)
WHU - Beisheim School of Management, Diss.--Vallendar, 2006.
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Community choice and local income taxation /Schmidheiny, Kurt. January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Univ., Diss.--Bern, 2003.
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Das wirtschaftliche Eigentum an Aktien /Kolbinger, Kathleen. January 2008 (has links)
Zugl.: Passau, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.
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