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Introduction: Physiological microflora is characterised by wide diversity. The microbial community is mostly composed of bacteria, but also includes fungi, archaea and viruses. Anaerobic commensal bacteria (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) dominate 90% of the colon. The composition and products of the gut microbiota have a significant effect on an individual's immune system, and their interactions may ultimately promote immune tolerance or inflammatory immune response. Blood cell transplantation (HSCT) and its associated standard procedures of conditioning, antibiotic exposure and dietary prophylaxis represent modification and disruption of the gut microbiota leading to the development of some serious post-transplant complications affecting the OS (overall survival) and TRM (treatment related mortality) of patients. Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate the representation of individual bacterial strains in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, as well as the effect of transplantation on the composition and diversity of their gut microbiota. Methods: Stool samples were obtained from 52 patients who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in Prague. A cut-off date for the first sample was set for the start of...

Plant-derived protein has gained popularity in recent years due to its health and environmental impact. Studies comparing the health benefits of animal and plant protein have mostly focused on soy as a plant protein representative due to its popularity. Demand for other protein sources such as peas and fava beans has been increasing; thus, the health impact of plant protein sources other than soy must be assessed. Evidence has shown that diet influences the gut microbiota and the metabolites in the body. Metabolites associated with amino acids are strong contributors to the metabolite distinction between dietary animal and plant foods. Certain gut bacteria are also known to be able to metabolize amino acids, thus influencing their survival in the gut. To discern the impact of plant and animal-based proteins, namely soy, pea, faba bean, beef, chicken, and pork, on the host gut microbiota as well as the metabolic profile, male C57BL/6J mice were fed with the proteins for 8 weeks. Results showed that each protein source influenced the gut microbiota and metabolic profile differently. However, these impacts were not caused by the amino acid profile alone. Other factors, such as myoglobin in meats and phenolic compounds in plant proteins, also play a role.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第23332号 / 生博第450号 / 新制||生||60(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 片山 高嶺, 教授 永尾 雅哉, 教授 上村 匡 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

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