Using the example of a locality this thesis examines the key elements of the new public health from a geographic perspective. Three voluntary groups (based in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets) have been examined as a case study of expressions of the new public health. The thesis argues that the new public health is an urban social movement, which has expressions at the local level which vary. It is argued that this variance results from the key elements which inform and shape the new public health. They are the nature of the public health activities and initiatives carried out; the organisation and representation of the groups that make up the movement; and the knowledge and activities informed by sense of the place that the groups have. The sense of place of the groups collectively, and the individuals within the groups, informs what public health activities and initiatives are implemented based on perceived need. The sense of place of the area is also the main mobilising factor for the agents who make up the public health groups and hence the new public health movement. The new public health movement is an urban social movement organised at a number of different geographical levels and in particular at the local and international levels. In discussing and describing how the new public health is a social movement, the thesis contends that previous exploration of social movements has failed to examine the importance that place has to the organisation and shape that movements take. This thesis, through a geographic analysis, constructs a new framework for looking at urban social movements with an emphasis on place. It also outlines how an geographical analysis of the new public health can broaden the focus of current research within medical geography by examining health within the wider context of society.

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This dissertation is focused on one of many aspects of religion and politics in Guatemala in recent history (1976-1990). This period is characterized by unequal wealth distribution, ethnic divisions, civil war, and U.S. influence. It is a contemporary mission history examining missionary efforts directed from the United States, Guatemalan responses, and indigenous initiatives. The problem concerns a movement within Protestant evangelicalism, which in this study is called Political Evangelicalism, and its relationship to the counterinsurgency war which the Guatemalan military waged against guerrillas, political opposition, and the Mayan majority. The problem centers on the following interrelated questions: How did Political Evangelicalism appear in Guatemala and how did it develop? How did agents of Political Evangelicalism act? What kind of discourse was employed to legitimize armed and structural violence? What was the relationship between Political Evangelicalism and counterinsurgency strategy? Political Evangelicalism must be reflected through different actors and aspects of Guatemalan conflicts to be understood. Therefore, Political Evangelicalism is placed in the broader context of the Guatemalan situation and its relation to the United States. This is a chronological study describing the role and development of Political Evangelicalism on three levels: the relationship between the United States and Guatemala; Guatemala on the national level; and an in-depth study of the Ixil people. The focal point is on the Guatemalan national level. A wide array of empirical material is employed, including interviews, unpublished documents, official documents, booklets, articles, and so on.

Public health policy and practice principally acknowledge a needs-based approach when developing, implementing, and evaluating community health programs. This needs-based perspective receives criticism because it focuses too heavily on what is missing or wrong with communities as opposed to building on their strengths. As a result, community members are perceived as passive recipients, which is disempowering, and ultimately risks creating unsustainable and ineffective programs. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in achieving a balance between the needs-based approach and the asset-based approach, which accentuates positive capabilities. While the amount of literature discussing the benefits of this latter perspective has grown substantially, accompanying evaluation required to sustain continued investment has been limited. Compared to needs-based research, there is less literature on asset-based evaluation. Emphasis on such research could contribute to the progression of evaluation methodologies and theories, ultimately encouraging their use. The purpose of this study is to apply an existing public health evaluation framework – the RE-AIM model (Glasgow, Vogt, and Boles, 1999) – to asset-based community health interventions and to examine the utility of such an evaluation structure across a variety of asset-based health projects. A multiple case study design facilitated comparison of the applicability of the RE-AIM model dimensions – Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance across three cases in the East London borough of Tower Hamlets, United Kingdom. These included the Local Links Asset-mapping project, the Healthy Early Years Project, and the Good Moves project. The RE-AIM framework is additionally guided by principles of the Realist Evaluation approach (Pawson and Tilley, 1997). This research study contributes to asset-based research by providing a guideline and conceptual framework to support asset-based intervention evaluation theory and practice.

This essay is about the hamlets´ older boundaries, i.e. boundary lines (“rågångar”) and boundary markers in the form of rocks, and an own survey of two hamlet boundaries in southeast Sweden. Many of the boundary rocks were subjected to unintentional damage or destruction that arose during forestry activities, the excavation of ditches, or road construction. Boundaries between hamlets sparsely populated areas were not clearly defined from the beginning, but were established initially in the form of boundary zones, that often consisted of wetlands, watercourses, or mountain heights. These areas were utilized collectively by neighbouring hamlets. The first boundary markers in the survey area appeared in the beginning of the Middle Ages, and were composed of natural rock formations, which were characterized by placing three loose stones on a large ground anchored stone. Unequivocally hamlet boundaries were first created by land surveyors during the 1800th century up until the early 1900th century. Following written instructions, land surveyors built specialized stone formations to serve as boundaries and placed them along a line at regular intervals, five stones in a row. The land surveyor recorded all of the boundary lines and drew an accompanying map of the area. My inventory showed that almost two thirds of all the boundary markers recorded by land surveyors were missing or damaged. The markers that remained were easily located with the help of GPS, because the distances between the boundary markers were consistent with the recorded values. / Uppsatsen handlar om byarnas äldre gränser (”rågångar”) och gränsmarkeringar i form av stenar samt en egen inventering av två bygränser i sydöstra Sverige. Många av gränsstenarna blir utsatta för omedveten skada eller förstörelse, som uppstår vid skogsavverkning, dikesgrävning eller vägbygge. Gränser mellan byar i de glest befolkade områdena var inte klar definierade från början, utan bildades först i form av gränszoner, som ofta bestod av våtmarker , vattendrag eller bergshöjder. Dessa områden nyttjades gemensamt av de angränsande byarna. De första gränsmarkeringarna i undersökningsområdet kom till i början av medeltiden och bestod av naturliga stenformationer, som kännetecknades genom att lägga tre lösa stenar på en stor jordfast sten. Entydiga bygränser skapades först av lantmätare på 1700-talet eller tidigt 1800-tal. De byggde efter föreskrivna instruktioner speciella stenformationer och satte längs den raka gränsen och med jämna mellanrum fem stenar i rad. Lantmätaren protokollerade alla gränsdragningar och ritade en tillhörande karta över området.  Min inventering visade att nästan två tredjedelar av alla i lantmätarens protokoll angivna gränsmärken var försvunna eller skadade. De som fanns kvar var utan svårighet att lokalisera med hjälp av GPS, eftersom avståndet stämde väl överens med protokollets värden. / Der Aufsatz behandelt alte Dorfgrenzen ("rågångar") und Grenzmarkierungen i Form von Steinen und desweiteren eine eigene Betandsaufnahme von zwei Dorfgrenzen im südöstlichen Schweden (Småland). Viele Grenzsteine sind unabsichtlich Schädigung und Zerstörung ausgesetzt infolge Waldrohdung, Ziehung von Gräben oder Straßen- und Wegebau. Dorfgrenzen in dünn besiedelten Gebieten waren nicht von vornherein klar definiert, sondern Bildeten sich erst i Form von Grenzzonen, die oft aus Feuchtgebieten, Wasserläufen oder Berghöhen bestanden. Diese Gebiete wurden von den angrenzenden Dörfern gemeinsam genutzt. Die ersten Grenzmarkierungen im Untersuchungsgebiet entstanden zu Beginn des Mittelalters und bestanden aus natürlichen Steinformationen, die dadurch gekennzeichnet waren, dass drei Steine auf einen großen erdgebundenen Stein gelegt wurden. Eindeutige Dorfgrenzen wurden erst durch Landvermesser im 18. und frühen 19.Jahrhundert geschaffen. Sie legten fest vorgeschriebene Steinformationen an und setzten entlang gerader Grenzlinien und mit gleichmäßigem Abstand jeweils fünf Steine in einer Linie. Der Landesvermesser protokollierte alle Grenzziehungen und zeichnete eine zugehörige Karte über das Gebiet. Meine Bestandsaufnahme zeigte, dass fast zwei Drittel aller vom Landesvermesser im Protokoll angegebenen Grenzmarkierungen verschwunden oder beschädigt waren. Die verbliebenen Steine waren ohne Schwierigkeit mit einem GPS zu lokalisieren, da deren Abstände gut mit den Werten des Protokolls übereinstimmten.

Aiming to make an intervention in both emerging Slow Cinema and classical Trauma Cinema scholarship, this thesis demonstrates the ways in which the post-trauma cinema of Filipino filmmaker Lav Diaz merges aesthetics of cinematic slowness with narratives of post-trauma in his films Melancholia (2008), Death in the Land of Encantos (2007) and Florentina Hubaldo, CTE (2012). Diaz has been repeatedly considered as representative of what Jonathan Romney termed in 2004 “Slow Cinema”. The director uses cinematic slowness for an alternative approach to an on-screen representation of post-trauma. Contrary to popular trauma cinema, Diaz’s portrait of individual and collective trauma focuses not on the instantenaeity but on the duration of trauma. In considering trauma as a condition and not as an event, Diaz challenges the standard aesthetical techniques used in contemporary Trauma Cinema, as highlighted by Janet Walker (2001, 2005), Susannah Radstone (2001), Roger Luckhurst (2008) and others. Diaz’s films focus instead on trauma’s latency period, the depletion of a survivor’s resources, and a character’s slow psychological breakdown. Slow Cinema scholarship has so far focused largely on the films’ aesthetics and their alleged opposition to mainstream cinema. Little work has been done in connecting the films’ form to their content. Furthermore, Trauma Cinema scholarship, as trauma films themselves, has been based on the immediate and most radical signs of post-trauma, which are characterised by instantaneity; flashbacks, sudden fears of death and sensorial overstimulation. Following Lutz Koepnick’s argument that slowness offers “intriguing perspectives” (Koepnick, 2014: 191) on how trauma can be represented in art, this thesis seeks to consider the equally important aspects of trauma duration, trauma’s latency period and the slow development of characteristic symptoms. With the present work, I expand on current notions of Trauma Cinema, which places emphasis on speed and the unpredictability of intrusive memories. Furthermore, I aim to broaden the area of Slow Cinema studies, which has so far been largely focused on the films’ respective aesthetics, by bridging form and content of the films under investigation. Rather than seeing Diaz’s slow films in isolation as a phenomenon of Slow Cinema, I seek to connect them to the existing scholarship of Trauma Cinema studies, thereby opening up a reading of his films.