No description available.

Halifax Harbour is one of the world's largest natural harbours and has significant environmental and economic value. A good understanding of oceanographic processes is required for pollution control and sustainable development of the Harbour. A five-level nested-grid coastal ocean circulation model known as the Nested-grid Coastal Ocean Prediction System for Halifax Harbour (NCOPS-HFX) is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional circulation and hydrography and associated temporal and spatial variability of the Harbour. The NCOPS-HFX is driven by tides, meteorological forcing, and buoyancy forcing associated with river and sewage discharges. Model performances are assessed by comparing model results with available observations including sea level from tide gauges, CTD observations, current meter records and monthly mean climatology of temperature and salinity. Model results are also used to examine the main physical processes affecting circulation and hydrography in the Harbour. It is found that the near-surface currents in the Harbour are significantly affected by tides and wind forcing with an intense tidal jet in the Narrows and a salinity front in the upper layer of Bedford Basin. The time-mean circulation produced by the model is characterized by a typical two-layer estuarine circulation with seaward flow in the upper layer and landward flow in the lower layer. The model also reproduces reasonably well the seasonal changes of temperature and salinity in the Harbour. Dispersion and retention in the Harbour are studied based on numerical passive tracer and particle tracking experiments. The e-folding flushing time is about 40 and 90 days in the upper and entire Bedford Basin respectively, 2-5 days over the Inner and Outer Harbour, and about 1 day in the Narrows.

Temporal variation in the levels of Cu and Cd in zooplankton, phytoplankton and water taken from five pelagic stations in Hamilton Harbour during three separate sampling periods (June, August and October/November 1990) was examined. Significant seasonal variation occurred in the Cu and Cd levels measured in water and phytoplankton (Cu Water: df=2, F=32.28, P≤.0001, Cu Phytoplankton: df=2, F=48.94, P≤.0001 and Cd Water: df=2, F=18.98, P≤.0001, Cd Phytoplankton: df=2, F=58.81, P≤.0001). However, the Cu levels observed in zooplankton did not vary significantly with season (df=2, F=1.79, P≤.1919). The maximal levels of Cd in zooplankton in November may be due to increased ingestion of material that is resuspended during turnover. Similarly, the peak levels of Cu and Cd recorded in November in phytoplankton may be due to a combination of processes: a) change in the size structure of the phytoplankton community to smaller individuals with higher metal sorption capacities and/or b) contamination of phytoplanktonic tissue samples by resuspended material. Phytoplankton metal levels (Cu and Cd) are negatively correlated with chl a concentrations (n=45, r=.8171, ≤.0001 and n-41, r=-.5961, P≤. 0001, respectively). These relationships are likely the result of a dilution effect. Zooplankton Cd levels were positively correlated with water and phytoplankton Cd concentrations (n=41, r=.3211, P≤.0407 and r=.7667, P≤.0001) while Cu levels were not correlated with any of the variables tested. The difference between the correlatedness of Cd levels in zooplankton to water and phytoplankton Cd levels compared to the lack of this type of relationship with regard to Cu may be attributable to the biological function of each metal in zooplankton. Cu is required in small amounts for physiological processes and may be regulated whereas Cd has no known biological function. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Benthic macroinvertebrates, pumpkinseed sunfish (𝘓𝘦𝘱𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘴 𝘨𝘪𝘣𝘣𝘰𝘴𝘶𝘴) and brown bullhead (𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘶𝘴 𝘯𝘦𝘣𝘶𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘶𝘴) were sampled at three sites in western Hamilton Harbour and Cootes Paradise in early June 1995. The diversity, abundance, similarity and variability of the substrate benthic community and the gut contents of the fish were analyzed. The gut contents of both species of fish reflected the diversity, similarity and variability of the site at which they were caught. Mean gut fullness, analysized using prey abundance and volume, shows no significant difference between sites, suggesting that the fish were eating similar amounts of prey at all three sites. Both pumpkinseed sunfish and brown bullhead fed selectively on certain size classes and benthic taxa, including several taxonomic groups previously unreported for these species. Differences in benthic community structure at the three sites and the resultant differences in fish diet have important implications for the remediation of Hamilton Harbour. As water quality improves and the macrophyte cover increases, benthic diversity and abundance will increase. These improvements will increase the area of the littoral zone and the quality of the rearing and feeding environments for the recovering warmwater fisheries in Hamilton Harbour. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Mater of Arts in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1995. / This research project which is the first of its kind in South Africa, entails a criminological study of harbour policing in South Africa. Firstly, it is primarily concerned with the historical development of harbour policing prior to its inception in 1916 in terms of the proclamation of The Railways and Harbours Regulation, Control and Management Act, Act 22 of 1916, as well as the period following 1916 which paved the way for the dawn of the reorganization of Harbour Policing as an official police force on 1 July 1934 and thereafter. Secondly, this investigation aims at describing maritime jurisdiction by means of emphasizing the existence of different conventions, such as the Hague Convention of 1930, the Geneva Convention of 1958 and the Law of the Sea Convention of 1982, as no Parliament exists to pass laws pertaining to the sea. It appears from this investigation that maritime fraud, theft of cargoes on the open sea, piracy and the illegal sinking of ships, oil pollution, etc. are matters of great concern for harbour policing. Functional harbour policing seems to be dependent upon various role players, such as : * The- Sea Fishery Act (Act 12 of 1988), for the protection of our sea resources; The Merchant Shipping Act (Act 57 of 1951); The Department of Transport (Maritime section) to ensure a clean and safe sea; The Defence Force (Navy} whose main task is to defend; The Natal Parks Board for conservation of fauna and flora; Customs and Excise Control to protect state funds; The National Sea Rescue Institute to assist people in distress at sea: and The South African Police service tor execution of the law and law enforcement. Proactive functional harbour policing is based on short-term crime prevention techniques such as visible role-fulfilment by means of patrolling l while reactive harbour policing entails the investigation of crimes committed on the sea, in the harbour and areas adjacent to the seal such as crimes mala in se and crimes mala prohibita. This investigation rests on documentary studies I personal interviews and an empirical analysis and description of all types of crimes and functional activities handled by the Water Wing of the South African Police Service. * * * * Recommendations include, inter alia, the following : * Follow-up research on harbour policing to keep abreast with overseas development; The role of the South African Narcotics Bureau (SANAB) with regard to the smuggling of dangerous producing and habit forming substances such as drugs as well as the illegal smuggling of weapons and other material; Closer co-operation between different units of the Water Wing and other "stakeholders" with regard to creating a sound knowledge of legislation pertaining to the sea: Education of criminal justice practitioners on the one hand and the general public on the other hand with regard to legislation applicable to the sea and adjacent areas; and The upgrading of security measures in South African harbours.

Project Report (M.Pub.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Project Report (Master of Publishing Program) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-100).

No description available.

The flexibility of Inuit social organization may be defined as a lack of societal preference among several different courses of action. Although the concept of flexibility has wide application to Inuit social organization this does not suggest that there is a complete lack of structure and order. Some of the parameters of flexibility are described through behaviour which is either disapproved or required. Two theses are advanced. One is that flexibility allows creative action which is potentially adaptive and/or integrative. This point is developed by showing a variety of ways in which different Inuit men in Lake Harbour effectively utilize combinations of hunting, trapping, carving and wage-labour, each in a manner unique to himself. The other thesis is that Inuit society is integrated wholly through mutually consensual dyadic relationships. There are two ways in which the importance of these relationships are shown in Inuit life. One is lack of imposed authority; the other is the rich variety of ritual and other relationships which are either based or seen to be based on the consensus of the two participants for the initiation and content, of the relationship. Local group leadership shows this clearly as men recognize a man as leader only while he provides them benefits. The characterisitc attributes of leadership (age, skill in hunting, knowledge, position as head of a large kin group and ownership of a boat) do not result in leadership if a man is unable to provide resources to others. The importance of mutually consensual dyadic relationships is shown through descriptions of rejected children and orphans, who receive what Euro-Canadians consider to be trauma-inducing abuse and rejection, yet appear to develop helathy personalities through acceptance and nurturance on the part of peers and sympathetic adults. Because of the dyadic consensual nature of Inuit social organization, its integration relies critically on Inuit voluntarily establishing ties of dependence and support. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

The demand for a model study of the Range problem in Table Bay Harbour was referred late in 1941 to the Research section of the Chief Civil Engineer's Department or the South African Railways and Harbours, the Research Engineer being requested to undertake an investigation. The Research Engineer at the time, Dr. C. V. von Abo. and the author commenced the task in January, 1942, by visiting Cape Town to sample nautical and technical opinion and study conditions, provisionally, on site.