Thesis (M.A.) -- Memorial University of Newfoundland. 1974. / Typescript. Bibliography : leaves [266]-272. Also available online.

Thesis (M.A. in English)--University of California, Berkeley, May 1923. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves vii-xi).

The connection between social change and marriage is of critical concern for nineteenth century English novelists, and the progression of both class shifts and alterations in marriage are discernable through these novelists' respective works. Due to the Industrial Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, England's social hierarchy began to shift allowing for the rise of a middle class; with the professional class's ascension came the decline of the landed gentry. These social changes blurred class boundaries and created an increasing socially mobile society. Additionally, they coincided with changes to marriage framework, as matrimony was moving towards being based on love rather than the traditional socioeconomic foundation. As both class lines and the love-revolution took place around the same time historically, there was a key change in marriage suitability, making cross-class and love-based marriages more of a reality. Jane Austen and Thomas Hardy are two of the most notable authors from the nineteenth century who chronicle this tension between marriage and class in their respective novels. This thesis focuses specifically on Austen's Persuasion and Hardy's Far From the Madding Crowd, arguing that they both visualize a successful marriage that is predicated on both love and socioeconomic status. Their similar image of the sustainable marriage gives value to both the socioeconomic-based and love-based marriages, depicting a realistic conceptualization of marriage.

We extend the theory of singular integral operators and multiplier theorems to the setting of anisotropic Hardy spaces. We first develop the theory of singular integral operators of convolution type in the anisotropic setting and provide a molecular decomposition on Hardy spaces that will help facilitate the study of these operators. We extend two multiplier theorems, the first by Taibleson and Weiss and the second by Baernstein and Sawyer, to the anisotropic setting. Lastly, we characterize the Fourier transforms of Hardy spaces and show that all multipliers are necessarily continuous.

Cette thèse comporte deux parties. Tout d'abord nous étudions la fonction de Hardy Z(t,\chi) liée à la série L(s,\chi) de Dirichlet. Cette fonction réelle a les mêmes zéros que la fonction L sur la droite critique. Nous regardons ici sa primitive F(T,\chi)=\int_{0}^{T} Z(t,\chi) dt. Dans le cas de la fonction zêta de Riemann, Ivic (2004) a montré la majoration F(T)=O(T^{\frac{1}{4}+\epsilon} et conjecturé que F(T)=\Omega_{\pm} T^{\frac{1}{4}. Cette dernière conjecture a été démontrée par Korolëv (2007) et d'une façon plus précise par Jutila (2011). Ces deux auteurs exhibent aussi un comportement surprenant de F(T). Jutila montre une formule de type Atkinson pour F(T) et en déduit les résultats de Korolëv. La preuve de Jutila demande des adaptations importantes mais nous parvenons à étendre ces résultats à une grande classe de fonctions L de Dirichlet. Nous montrons également que le comportement de F(T,\chi) dépend notamment de la parité de \chi et de celle du conducteur. Les modèles asymptotiques posent de nombreuses questions arithmétiques. Dans la seconde partie, nous étudions certaines fonctions sommatoires des nombres premiers en vue d'estimations explicites dans la lignée de Rosser et Shoenfeld (1962). Nous donnons des estimations explicites pour les sommes de Mertens \sum_{p\leq x} 1/p, \sum_{p\leq x} \log p/p, \sum_{n\leq x} \Lambda(n)/n et les produits eulériens \prod_{p\leq x} (1+z/p); des estimations explicites très précises sont données au moyen d'une région sans zéros pour la fonction zêta de Riemann. La méthode utilisée est celle suggérée par un récent article de Ramaré (Acta Arith., 2014). / This thesis consists of two parts. First of all, we study the Hardy function Z(t,\chi) associated to the Dirichlet L-function L(s,\chi). This real-valued function has the same zeros as L(s,\chi) on the critical line. We look at its primitive F(T,\chi)=\int_{0}^{T} Z(t,\chi) dt. In the case of the Riemann zeta function, Ivic (2004) showed the bound F(T)=O(T^{\frac{1}{4}+\epsilon} and conjectured that F(T)=\Omega_{\pm} T^{\frac{1}{4}. This last conjecture was proved by Korolëv (2007) and in a more precise way by Jutila (2011). These two authors also proved a surprising behaviour of F(T). Jutila proves an Atkinson-like formula for F(T) and deduces the results of Korolëv. Jutila's proof requires significant adaptations but we succeed to extend these results to a large class of Dirichlet L-functions. We also show that the behaviour of F(T,\chi) depends notably on the parity of \chi and of the conductor. The asymptotic models pose many arithmetical questions. In the second part, we study some summatory functions of primes in view of explicit estimates in the line of Rosser and Shoenfeld (1962). We give explicit estimates for the Mertens sums \sum_{p\leq x} 1/p, \sum_{p\leq x} \log p/p, \sum_{n\leq x} \Lambda(n)/n and the Euler products \prod_{p\leq x} (1+z/p); very precise explicit estimates are given by means of a zero-free region for the Riemann zeta function. The method used is suggested by a recent article of Ramaré (Acta Arith., 2014).

This thesis puts forward the case for a political reading of Thomas Hardy's Wessex Novels. Although the political aspects of these novels cannot be seen as his main preoccupation, it is argued that an awareness of the political motivation of Hardy is necessary for a proper and responsible reading. Through biographical and textual material, and through a comparison of Hardy with Boris Pasternak, it can be shown that a consistent political theme runs through the Wessex novels from the beginning to the end. The main reason why this political theme has not been generally appreciated is attributed to a misconception about Hardy's role as a novelist. For too long Hardy has been popularly described as a defender of the peasant or rustic. In fact, Hardy's interest was with those people who were just above the lowest class. Since he was himself from this slightly higher class, he was naturally sensitive to their difficulties in social improvement. Hardy therefore attacked the systems in society that protected the wealth and power for the middle and upper classes at the expense of the poorer people. The first chapter follows Hardy's early career both as an architect in London, where he developed strong political views that tended towards socialism, and as an aspiring novelist in a market which would not accept expression of those political views. The early novels show evidence of his suppressed political anger as Hardy lapses into outbursts of bitter social satire. The satire disappears after The Hand of Ethelberta when the novels complete a gradual movement towards tragedy. This meant that the discord between the early novels' general optimism and his political anger was eliminated. As a harmonious part of the later novels, Hardy's political attitudes are not so easily discerned. For this reason a special critical approach is needed. The second chapter compares Hardy's novels and political views with those of Boris Pasternak. Pasternak's poetic political novel provides a model for analysing the later more poetic Wessex Novels. Utilising the genre of the "lyrical novel," it is shown how the poet-novelist often pays less attention to narrative development and concentrates on shaping his central concerns within a symbolic structure. The third chapter makes a political reading of Tess of the D'Urbervilles based on the political attitudes established in the first chapter, and on the techniques of the lyrical novel defined in the second. The consistency of Hardy's political views in the Wessex Novels becomes apparent as the same concerns of the early novels are found through an analysis of the novel's symbolic structure. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The forest floors of three biogeocoenoses, from northern Vancouver Island, were stratified into LF and H horizons, sampled by use of a stratified random sampling procedure, and analyzed for a number of chemical properties. The biogeocoenoses represent Xeric, Mesic, and Hygric sites. The objectives of the study included: characterization of the forest floors in terms of chemical properties, estimation of property variation and sample requirements, selection of properties best suited for distinguishing the forest floors and organic horizons of each site, and examination of nutrient relationships within the forest floors. To assess variability of chemical parameters, 28 properties were used. The values for total nitrogen, iron, manganese, and exchangeable aluminum were found to increase from Xeric to Hygric sites. Increased leaching losses of potassium and calcium and accumulations of iron, aluminum, and manganese occur as the forest floor materials decompose. The least variable horizon in terms of overall sample requirements was the Mesic LF, while the most variable was the Hygric H. The LF horizons on all three sites tended to be less variable than the corresponding H horizons. The chemical properties found to have the least variability were considered to have the best potential for classifying forest floors. These were pH(H₂0), water content of an oven-dried sample, pH (0.01 M CaCl₂), loss on ignition, total carbon, pH (1 N NaCl), and cation exchange capacity measured at pH 7. Least value for prediction of variability and thus for classification were properties such as total manganese, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, thickness, exchangeable calcium and magnesium displaced by 1 N NaCl and 1 N NH₄OAc. The second phase of the study selected properties that were best suited for separating the organic horizons and forest floors of the three sites. The properties examined included those measured in the variability study as well as 12 derived or calculated parameters. Two-way analysis of variance in combination with the Student-Newman-Keuls range test was utilized to determine which parameters would best distinguish the forest floors of sites, the LF and H horizons overall, and the horizons of individual sites. The best properties found to separate Xeric, Mesic, and Hygric forest floors were total potassium, exchangeable sodium measured at pH 7, and the ratio of loss on ignition to total carbon. The best parameters for separating LF and H horizons were total potassium, total zinc, exchangeable calcium displaced by 1 N NH₄OAc, exchangeable potassium displaced by 1 N NH₄OAc and 1 N NaCl, pH measured in water and 0.01 M CaCl₂, loss on ignition, base saturation at pH 7, the ratio of total calcium to total magnesium, and the ratio of total calcium to total potassium. The horizons of the individual sites could not all be separated by any individual parameter. The univariate analysis indicated that the order of increasing difficulty of characterization was the LF and H horizons overall, the forest floors of sites, and the horizons of individual sites. A multivariate analysis was performed to find the combination of variables which best distinguishes the horizons of individual sites. Stepwise discriminant analyses using nine, five, and two variables correctly classified 94%, 81%, and 71%, respectively, of the cases examined. The best approach for using multivariate characterization would be to use a minimum number of variables and to include the parameters total nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, the ratio of loss on ignition to total carbon, and cation exchange capacity measured at pH 4. The final phase of the study examined nutrient relationships in the forest floor horizons as well as the impact of decaying wood and fine roots on forest floor properties. A correlation matrix was produced for the LF and H horizons. The correlation matrices indicated that certain groups of properties were highly correlated and that only one form of the nutrients calcium, magnesium, and potassium need to be measured. The iron, aluminum, and manganese values were highly correlated, which shows that these elements are involved in similar processes, such as biocycling and podzol formation. Several other highly significant correlations indicate that the nutrients calcium, magnesium, and potassium are predominantly in exchangeable forms and that calcium is the dominant cation in these forest floor systems. .Time available for decomposition is the main factor distinguishing LF from H horizons. A final relationship to be examined was the pH-dependent cation exchange capacity. The values for this property increased significantly downslope and significantly greater values were found in the H horizons of each site - a result of increased functional groups associated with the formation of humus. The total nutrient concentrations of decaying wood were measured and compared to the concentrations found in the corresponding LF and H horizons. The decaying wood was found to be a nutrient-deficient material that is distinct from both LF and H horizons. Bulk density measurements demonstrated that the forest floor and decaying wood materials are not significantly different, although the latter material is more variable. .Therefore, decaying wood represents a substantial input of nutrient-deficient biomass to the forest floor. The nutrient concentrations of fine (<2mm) roots were compared with the values obtained for the associated decomposing organic matter. The fine roots were found to be relatively deficient in nitrogen in comparison to the forest floor. Elements such as iron, aluminum, magnesium, and sodium were found to be concentrated in or near fine roots. Thus, decomposing fine roots yield a significant input of nitrogen deficient biomass, cause an increase in the concentration and variability of certain elements, and play an important role in processes such as biocycling and pedogenesis. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Orientador: Dicesar Lass Fernandez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Ciencia da Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T08:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_LuisAntonioPereira_D.pdf: 2230257 bytes, checksum: e9ce8bd3094bb3ba08d97d9e1544333d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992 / Resumo: Não informado. / Abstract: Not informed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências

This thesis examines the evidences of pessimism in the poetry of each poet, substantiated when possible by parallel prose writings and other critical and biographical material; and finally, it reaches tentative conclusions about the direction of the change in pessimistic outlook of three poets.

This thesis concentrates on human relations and the potential for man’s beatitude in Hardy’s major novels through an exploration of suffering, human will, evolutionary meliorism, and Grace, discussed in separate chapters. Chapter I is devoted to an introduction of the major elements of what is here called Hardy’s vision. Relying largely on Florence Emily Hardy’s The Life of Thomas Hardy and on references to some of the novels, a compilation of impressions is arranged into what seems to represent accurately the basic nature of the world and human relations in Hardy’s novels. The emphasis and the thrust of the vision are the ways in which human doings interrelate.