Orientador: João Antônio Pereira / Banca: Fabio Roberto Chavarette / Banca: Adailton Silva Borges / Resumo: O objetivo motivacional deste trabalho é estudar a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de um material a base de bagaço de cana com um maior valor agregado, propondo assim, outra função e/ou utilização para o bagaço da cana de açúcar. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um aglomerado de fibra de cana (compósito) com diferentes proporções de fibra de cana e aglutinante, e posteriormente foram estudadas algumas características acústicas destes diferentes compósitos, avaliando assim, o potencial de uso da fibra como material de absorção acústica. Os coeficientes de absorção acústica do aglomerado foram estimados com base na teoria e conceitos de acústica utilizando o tubo de impedância, tendo como base a norma ISO10534-1(1996). Os resultados obtidos do coeficiente de absorção acústica dos compósitos analisados mostraram que a fibra da cana pode ser utilizada como um material de absorção acústica, dependendo da composição do compósito, o mesmo se mostrou equivalente a alguns materiais do mercado de absorvedores acústico / Abstract: The motivational goal of this work is to study the possibility of developing a material basis of bagasse with a higher added value, thus suggesting another function and / or use for bagasse from sugar cane. For this, we developed a cluster of sugarcane (composite) with different proportions of sugar and binder fiber and fiber were subsequently studied some acoustic characteristics of different composites, thus assessing the potential use of fiber as sound absorption material. The sound absorption coefficients of the cluster were estimated based on the theory and concepts of acoustic, using the impedance tube, based on the standard ISO10534-1 (1996). The results of the sound absorption coefficient of the analysis showed that the composite fiber rod can be used as an acoustic absorption material, depending on the composition of the composite, it was equivalent to some of the noise absorbing materials market / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-25Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000802231.pdf: 1542226 bytes, checksum: cfd78188537d9a6f5bb97f5dcb5d1aec (MD5) / O objetivo motivacional deste trabalho é estudar a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de um material a base de bagaço de cana com um maior valor agregado, propondo assim, outra função e/ou utilização para o bagaço da cana de açúcar. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um aglomerado de fibra de cana (compósito) com diferentes proporções de fibra de cana e aglutinante, e posteriormente foram estudadas algumas características acústicas destes diferentes compósitos, avaliando assim, o potencial de uso da fibra como material de absorção acústica. Os coeficientes de absorção acústica do aglomerado foram estimados com base na teoria e conceitos de acústica utilizando o tubo de impedância, tendo como base a norma ISO10534-1(1996). Os resultados obtidos do coeficiente de absorção acústica dos compósitos analisados mostraram que a fibra da cana pode ser utilizada como um material de absorção acústica, dependendo da composição do compósito, o mesmo se mostrou equivalente a alguns materiais do mercado de absorvedores acústico / The motivational goal of this work is to study the possibility of developing a material basis of bagasse with a higher added value, thus suggesting another function and / or use for bagasse from sugar cane. For this, we developed a cluster of sugarcane (composite) with different proportions of sugar and binder fiber and fiber were subsequently studied some acoustic characteristics of different composites, thus assessing the potential use of fiber as sound absorption material. The sound absorption coefficients of the cluster were estimated based on the theory and concepts of acoustic, using the impedance tube, based on the standard ISO10534-1 (1996). The results of the sound absorption coefficient of the analysis showed that the composite fiber rod can be used as an acoustic absorption material, depending on the composition of the composite, it was equivalent to some of the noise absorbing materials market

In Appalachian Spring, Aaron Copland creates a unique tonal environment. Although often considered a tonal work, it contains many non-functional progressions and techniques that belie common-practice norms. The entire first movement, and sections of other movements contain no harmonic motion, in part because tonic and dominant chords sound together as a single sonority. In other movements, harmonic motion, in part because tonic and dominant chords sound together as a single sonority. In other movements, harmonic motion is increased by shifts to third-related keys, and non-functional progressions. Also, the variations on the melody "Simple Gifts" never employ common-practice techniques. Through the free use of materials, Copland creates an individualistic example of tonality in twentieth-century music.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women. About 1 in 8 U.S. women (about 12%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of their lifetime. Existing methods of early detection of breast cancer include mammography and palpation, either by patient self-examination or clinical breast exam. Palpation is the manual detection of differences in tissue stiffness between breast tumors and normal breast tissue. The success of palpation relies on the fact that the stiffness of breast tumors is often an order of magnitude greater than that of normal breast tissue, i.e., breast lesions feel ''hard'' or ''lumpy'' as compared to normal breast tissue. A mammogram is an x-ray that allows a qualified specialist to examine the breast tissue for any suspicious areas. Mammography is less likely to reveal breast tumors in women younger than 50 years with denser breast than in older women. When a suspicious site is detected in the breast through a breast self-exam or on a screening mammogram, the doctor may request an ultrasound of the breast tissue. A breast ultrasound can provide evidence about whether the lump is a solid mass, a cyst filled with fluid, or a combination of the two. An invasive needle biopsy is the only diagnostic procedure that can definitely determine if the suspicious area is cancerous. In the clinic, 80% of women who have a breast biopsy do not have breast cancer. Most women with breast cancer diagnosed will have some type of surgery to remove the tumor. Depending on the type of breast cancer and how advanced it is, the patient might need other types of treatment as well, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Image-guided minimally-invasive treatment of localized breast tumor as an alternative to traditional breast surgery, such as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, has become a subject of intensive research. HIFU applies extreme high temperatures to induce irreversible cell injury, tumor apoptosis and coagulative necrosis. Compared with conventional surgical procedures the main advantages of HIFU ablation lie in the fact that it is non-invasive, less scarring and less painful, allowing for shorter recovery time. HIFU can be guided by MRI (MRgFUS) or by conventional diagnostic ultrasound (USgFUS). Worldwide, thousands of patients with uterine fibroids, liver cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, bone tumors, and renal cancer have been treated by USgFUS. In this dissertation, the objective is to develop an integrated Harmonic Motion Imaging guided Focused Ultrasound (HMIgFUS) system as a clinical monitoring technique for breast HIFU with the added capability of detecting tumors for treatment planning, evaluation of tissue stiffness changes during HIFU ablation for treatment monitoring in real time, and assessment of thermal lesion sizes after treatment evaluation. A new HIFU treatment planning method was described that used oscillatory radiation force induced displacement amplitude variations to detect the HIFU focal spot before lesioning. Using this method, we were able to visualize the HMIgFUS focal region at variable depths. By comparing the estimated displacement profiles with lesion locations in pathology, we demonstrated the feasibility of using this HMI-based technique to localize the HIFU focal spot and predict lesion location during the planning phase. For HIFU monitoring, a HIFU lesion detection and ablation monitoring method was first developed using oscillatory radiation force induced displacement amplitude variations in real time. Using this method, the HMIgFUS focal region and lesion formation were visualized in real time at a feedback rate of 2.4 Hz. By comparing the estimated lesion size against gross pathology, the feasibility of using HMIgFUS to monitor treatment and lesion formation without interruption is demonstrated. In order to reduce the imaging time, it is shown in this dissertation that using the steered FUS beam, HMI can be used to image a 2.3 times larger ROI without requiring physical movement of the transducer. Using steering for HMI can be used to shorten the total imaging duration without requiring physical movement of the transducer. For the application of breast tumor, HMI and HMIgFUS were optimized and applied to ex vivo breast tissue. The results showed that HMI is experimentally capable of mapping and differentiating stiffness in normal and abnormal breast tissues. HMIgFUS can also successfully generate thermal lesions on normal and pathological breast tissues. HMI has also been applied to post-surgical breast mastectomy specimens to mimic the in vivo environment. In the end, the first HMI clinical system has been built with added capability of GUP-based parallel beamforming. A clinical trial has been approved at Columbia University to image breast tumor on patient. The HMI clinical system has shown to be able to map fibroadenoma mass on two patients with valid HMI displacement. The study in this dissertation may yield an early-detection technique for breast cancer without any age discrimination and thus, increase the survival rate.

The response of lightweight equipment in structures supported on resilient-friction-base isolators (R-FBI) subjected to harmonic ground motion and various earthquake ground motions is examined. The equipment-structure base system is modeled as a three degree-of-freedom discrete system (SDOF subsystems). An efficient semi-analytical numerical solution procedure for the determination of equipment response is presented. Parametric studies to examine the effects of subsystem frequency (isolator, structure, equipment), subsystem damping, mass ratio, friction coefficient and frequency content of the ground motion on the response of the equipment are performed. The equipment response on a fixed-base structure subjected to ground motion is also calculated. Friction type isolation devices can induce high frequency effects in the isolated structure due to the stick-slip action. These effects on equipment response are examined. The results show that the high frequency effect in the structure generated from a friction-type base isolator doesn't, in general, cause amplifications in the response. The R-FBI system appears to be an effective aseismic base isolator for protecting both the structure and sensitive internal equipment. / Graduation date: 1992

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Some Epidemic models with fractional derivatives were proved to be well-defined, well-posed and more accurate [34, 51, 116], compared to models with the conventional derivative. An Ebola epidemic model with non-linear transmission is fully analyzed. The model is expressed with the conventional time derivative with a new parameter included, which happens to be fractional (that derivative is called the 􀀀derivative). We proved that the model is well-de ned and well-posed. Moreover, conditions for boundedness and dissipativity of the trajectories are established. Exploiting the generalized Routh-Hurwitz Criteria, existence and stability analysis of equilibrium points for the Ebola model are performed to show that they are strongly dependent on the non-linear transmission. In particular, conditions for existence and stability of a unique endemic equilibrium to the Ebola system are given. Numerical simulations are provided for particular expressions of the non-linear transmission, with model's parameters taking di erent values. The resulting simulations are in concordance with the usual threshold behavior. The results obtained here may be signi cant for the ght and prevention against Ebola haemorrhagic fever that has so far exterminated hundreds of families and is still a ecting many people in West-Africa and other parts of the world. The full comprehension and handling of the phenomenon of shattering, sometime happening during the process of polymer chain degradation [129, 142], remains unsolved when using the traditional evolution equations describing the degradation. This traditional model has been proved to be very hard to handle as it involves evolution of two intertwined quantities. Moreover, the explicit form of its solution is, in general, impossible to obtain. We explore the possibility of generalizing evolution equation modeling the polymer chain degradation and analyze the model with the conventional time derivative with a new parameter. We consider the general case where the breakup rate depends on the size of the chain breaking up. In the process, the alternative version of Sumudu integral transform is used to provide an explicit form of the general solution representing the evolution of polymer sizes distribution. In particular, we show that this evolution exhibits existence of complex periodic properties due to the presence of cosine and sine functions governing the solutions. Numerical simulations are performed for some particular cases and prove that the system describing the polymer chain degradation contains complex and simple harmonic poles whose e ects are given by these functions or a combination of them. This result may be crucial in the ongoing research to better handle and explain the phenomenon of shattering. Lastly, it has become a conjecture that power series like Mittag-Le er functions and their variants naturally govern solutions to most of generalized fractional evolution models such as kinetic, di usion or relaxation equations. The question is to say whether or not this is always true! Whence, three generalized evolution equations with an additional fractional parameter are solved analytically with conventional techniques. These are processes related to stationary state system, relaxation and di usion. In the analysis, we exploit the Sumudu transform to show that investigation on the stationary state system leads to results of invariability. However, unlike other models, the generalized di usion and relaxation models are proven not to be governed by Mittag-Le er functions or any of their variants, but rather by a parameterized exponential function, new in the literature, more accurate and easier to handle. Graphical representations are performed and also show how that parameter, called ; can be used to control the stationarity of such generalized models. / Mathematical Sciences / Ph. D. (Applied Mathematics)