Magistro darbe tiriama paprastojo lazdyno formų: “X”, “Aurea”, “Fuscorubra” ir paprastojo lazdyno (Corylus avellana L.) mikrodauginimo in vitro sąlygos, bei augalų – regenerantų išauginimas. Darbo objektas – paprastojo lazdyno tiriamosios formos: “X”, “Aurea”, “Fuscorubra” ir paprastasis lazdynas (Corylus avellana L.). Darbo metodai – eksplantų parinkimas, paruošimas ir sodinamosios biologinės medžiagos išsterilinimas. Maitinamosios terpės eksplantų auginimui ir rizogenezei parinkimas. Eksplantų prigimties įtaka morfogenezei audinių kultūroje. Genotipo įtaka augalų regeneracijai audinių kultūroje. Auginimo salygų in vivo nustatymas. Darbo rezultatai. X lazdyno ir paprastojo lazdyno eksplantus siūloma sterilinti bet kuriuo iš tirtų metodų. Raudonlapio lazdyno eksplantus rekomenduojame sterilinti metodu Nr. 2, kai veiklioji medžiaga - H2SO4 85 , o geltonlapio lazdyno eksplantus - metodu Nr. 1 su AgNO3 0,1 . Visų genotipų lazdyno pumpurams sterilinti netinka sieros rūgštis (85 ). Paprastojo lazdyno formoms dauginti in vitro būdu tinkamiausia modifikuota WPM I varianto maitinamoji terpė, o paparastajam lazdynui - modifikuota WPM III varianto maitinamoji terpė. Corylus genties morfogenezė audinių kultūroje priklauso nuo genotipo. Genotipas taip pat turi įtakos susidariusio kaliaus spalvai. Daugiausiai eksplantai paaugo nuo 10 iki 20 dienos. Geriausius rezultatus pasiekė X lazdyno genotipas, nes paaugo nuo 3 iki 26 mm. Kultivuojant in vitro sąlygomis, geltonlapio lazdyno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Micropropagation in vitro conditions and the production of plants – regenerants of hazel forms "X", "Aurea", "Fuscorubra" and plain hazel (Corylus avellana L.) are investigated in the work of master science. Objectof the work - hazel test forms "X", "Aurea", "Fuscorubra" and plain hazel (Corylus avellana L.). Methods of the work - Explants selection, preparation and sterilization of planting biological material. The choice of nutrient medium for explants cultivation and rhizogenesis. Impact of explants nature on the morphogenesis in tissue culture. Genotype influence to the regeneration of the plant in tissue culture. Determination of the conditions of in vivo cultivation. The results of the work. “X” form and plain hazelnut explants are suggest to be sterilized using method No 2, the active ingredient - 85 H2SO4, "Aurea" hazel explants - method No 1, with AgNO3 0,1 . Modified WPM I nutrient medium is the best version for in vitro propagation of the hazel forms, modified version of the WPM III nutrient medium – for plain hazelnuts. Morphogenesis of the Corylus genus in tissue culture depends on the genotype. Genotype also affects the color of the callus formed. Explants grew most in the period of 10 - 20 days. Best results were achieved by “X” hazelnut genotypes which grew from 3 to 26 mm. During the cultivation in in vitro conditions "Aurea" hazelnut explants did not form the yellow plates. The other 3 genotypes were more than 50  of identical micro shoots. “X”... [to full text]

This dissertation explores embodiments of citizenship in three historical pageants of 1913. As historical pageantry reached the height of its popularity in the early twentieth century, the form was criticized by those who felt it represented a limited understanding of community and citizenship. Historical pageants came to prominence at a time in the nation’s history when lynching plagued the south, women agitated for the right to vote, and labor unions organized to demand better working conditions. Popular historical pageants presented a history which ignored these pressing social issues and supported the status quo. As a result, while pageants gained popularity the form was taken up by groups seeking to use pageants for different political purposes. My dissertation interrogates embodiments of citizenship in Progressive Era pageantry through three case studies: W.E.B. Du Bois wrote and staged Star of Ethiopia, devoted to re-telling African-American history; John Reed organized members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) for a performance of The Paterson Strike Pageant to aid laborers on strike; and Hazel MacKaye staged Allegory in support of women’s suffrage. While each pageant aimed to promote diversity, once each pageant’s historiography landed on live bodies, the gaps between what the pageant argued for and who the pageant simultaneously excluded were made visible. Allegory crafted an argument for white women’s suffrage by excluding recent immigrant and women of color; Du Bois sought to promote the African American middle class by denigrating the working classes; John Reed painted an image of the IWW as a fully united working class while ignoring the racial and ethnic differences that had led to tensions among the group. Despite their progressive intentions, once each pageant moved its political arguments on stage, the choices they made in performance belied their inclusive aspirations. / text

"March 2002". / Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of English, 2005. / Bibliography: p. 324-344. / Introduction: framing the texts -- Subversive voices -- Formulating a theoretical position -- Performance: a complete process -- On second thoughts: rewriting contemporary culture -- Performing On second thoghts -- Dialogic voices: Amanda Stewart and # -- Performing # -- Voices of desire: Ania Walwicz and Soft -- Performing Soft -- Marginal voices: Hazel Smith and Poet without language -- Performing Poet without language -- Conclusions: interpreting subversive voices. / This study considers the text and performance of four Australian experimental poets, Chris Mann, Amanda Stewart, Ania Walwicz and Hazel Smith. My aim is to demonstrate how the genre of experimental poetry uses language and performance in such a way as to rewrite existing dominant discourses. The challenge as an analyst is to find ways into such reflexive texts that use intertextual resources of critical theory as their subject matter. The perspective employed here engages with the theories posited by the texts and allows for a theoretical position removed from the structure and theories informing them. -- The study is organised in two parts. First, I consider the subversiveness of the genre drawing on Raymond Williams' notion of the emergent, followed by a discussion of important predecessors in the field of experimentation. I then outline the particular method of enquiry and theoretical framework used here to analyse the meaning potential of such works. Systemic Functional Grammar and Multimodal Discourse theory are discussed and their particular application in this study. The second part of the thesis applies these theories to the experimental works. -- I begin explaining my theoretical position by considering the weakness of the commonly used theories of Kristeva's 'semiotic' to analyse such works. I found Systemic Functional Grammar, as developed by Michael Halliday and then Terry Threadgold, to be a useful tool for elucidating the meaning potential behind the fractured grammars in the texts. It also provided a way of conceptualising enunciative positions and the way intertextual resources might be rewritten. From within this linguistic framework I was able to discern subversive messages from the intertwined theories ranging across the texts from Marxism, structuralism, psychoanalysis, feminism and multiculturalism. -- The performance posed another challenge as the improvised spoken texts, uniquely performed by these artists, create a subversive listening position for the audience, which engages with both the words and sounds for their sonic and semantic qualities. I consider many ways of addressing the role and behaviour of the performer and listener as well as the performance as a creative process, emerging from the two. I engage the model put forward by Kress and Van Leeuwen for analysis of multimodal texts which provides a functional approach to meaning potential in the performance and its varying layers. Within this model, I found prosody most useful for its ability to notate intonation, key, disjuncture and stress, exposing the dialogic voices and the relationship between semantics and sound in the performances. This form of communication is equivalent to the indexical entailment of sound and music which forms the basis for communication between performers, and between performer and audience. The dialogic situation is enhanced by both prosody and indexical entailment providing possible meanings. I use some traditional musicological analysis but my aim is to move away from such formalistic descriptions to consider culturally inscribed sounds and their interpretation using a functional model. -- Throughout, the complexity of experimental performance is evident but the theoretical frame used here might be applied to other works of this nature as a means of further understanding the semiotic web in subversive texts. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / 344 p., music

Dans le contexte du changement global et de la perte de la biodiversité, la prise en compte de cette dernière dans la gestion forestière reste encore très générale. Les démarches ne sont pas encore opérationnelles alors que les gestionnaires ont besoin d'outils destinés directement à la planification. Ainsi, il est devenu urgent d'améliorer les approches d'évaluation et de suivi de la biodiversité et de développer un cadre conceptuel à partir des indicateurs biologiques qui puisse servir dans la prise des décisions. Ce travail se repose sur une approche associant l'enjeu de conservation d'une espèce sauvage patrimoniale dans un paysage de montagne à la maîtrise d'une gestion forestière qui détermine la qualité de son habitat. Dans le cadre concret de la gestion forestière d'un Parc Naturel Régional où les enjeux sont multiples (écologiques, économiques, touristiques), les acteurs concernés s'interrogent moins sur le « comment gérer » que sur le « où gérer » ; en d'autres termes, définir les périmètres de bonne qualité d'habitat afin d'optimiser la gestion et à l'échelle optimale. Notre travail est moins de procurer des outils aux gestionnaires que de poser les jalons scientifiques d'une approche holistique inspirée de l'écologie du paysage. Nous partons ainsi de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les variables environnementales ainsi que la structure du paysage influencent la présence d'une espèce indicatrice de la diversité biologique d'un milieu. Dans ce travail nous nous appuyons sur cette hypothèse pour développer une démarche spatialement explicite qui permettrait d'atteindre l'objectif de conservation dans le cadre d'un processus de gestion forestière adaptative, en étudiant le cas de la gélinotte des bois dans le Parc Naturel Régional de Grande Chartreuse. Ce modèle prédictif de l'occurrence de la gélinotte des bois en Chartreuse s'appuie sur des indicateurs environnementaux et paysagers aisément mesurables et spatialisables. Ceci permettra d'établir un diagnostic de la qualité de l'habitat, d'approfondir les connaissances sur les relations entre la structure du paysage et l'espèce à différentes échelles et de déterminer les secteurs d'habitat qui sont les plus appropriés à la gélinotte des bois en zone de montagne. La représentation spatiale de l'hétérogénéité à différentes échelles permet d'envisager de nombreuses applications dans les domaines de la conservation et de la gestion forestière multifonctionnelle. Nos résultats, relevant d'une approche spatialement explicite, valident l'hypothèse selon laquelle la qualité de l'habitat de la gélinotte peut être modélisée avec une précision acceptable uniquement à partir d'indices paysagers, s'ils sont calculés sur la bonne étendue. Ils constituent donc une avancée pour une aide à la gestion, puisqu'ils préfigurent d'un outil permettant la localisation de zones prioritaires sur lesquelles la conservation de la gélinotte peut être optimisée. / In the context of global change and current loss of biodiversity, there is an urgent need to improve spatial approaches for assessing and monitoring biodiversity in order to develop a conceptual framework based on biological indicators that can be used in conservation planning. The problem still remains in terms of decisions and knowledge on where to set appropriate conservation targets. Hence, we need detailed and reliable information about forest landscape structure and composition and methods for estimating this information over the whole spatial domain. This work is based on an approach involving conservation of a patrimonial species in a mountain landscape. The Regional Natural Park in the French sub-Alps, used for this study encounters multiple conflicts (i.e. ecological, economic, tourism pressures). The stakeholders are then very concern on "where to manage" in other words, they need tools to define the perimeter of good quality habitat to optimize management at an optimal scale. Landscape metrics are widely used to explore the spatial heterogeneity of landscapes that influence several species distribution. Few empirical researches have comparatively examined their indicator value for certain species occurrence at different scales. Within the framework of this study we test hypothesis concerning the best scale at which Hazel Grouse respond to the landscape structure. Our aim was to evaluate significant relations between different landscape level indicators and species occurrence and to assess the effects of the extent of the considered landscape on their performance. Results showed that spatial scale affected the performance of the metrics, since Hazel Grouse occurrence was usually better predicted at relatively smaller extents of surrounding landscape. In all, outputs of this work constitute support for forest management, as they provide a methodological framework and indicators for prioritizing areas in terms of habitat quality where species conservation planning can be optimized.

Abstract Parasites are an inseparable part of the life of wild birds. They may cause morbidity, mortality or reduction in fecundity. Parasite distribution in hosts is typically not uniform and many host factors (e.g. age) may affect the pattern of distribution. Under certain conditions, parasites even have the potential to regulate the host population. The grouse species of Finnish forests — the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus , the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix and the hazel grouse Tetrastes bonasia — harbour several species of intestinal helminth parasites. The populations have fluctuated in cyclic manner but the mechanisms behind the cycles are largely unknown. I studied the interactions of forest grouse and their intestinal helminth parasites by using intestinal samples collected by hunters in five game management districts during eight years (1995–2002). The most common parasite species in the samples was the nematode Ascaridia compar. Also, three species of cestodes (Skrjabinia cesticillus, Paroniella urogalli and Hymenolepis sp.) were found. Large size, male gender and age over 1 year were connected with an increased probability and intensity of A. compar infection. Juvenile grouse were commonly infected with cestodes while in adults infections were quite rare. The influence of inbreeding on the susceptibility to parasite infections was studied in the capercaillie by analysing microsatellite heterozygosity. The less heterozygous birds were more likely to be infected with A. compar and were more intensely infected suggesting negative influence of inbreeding on parasite resistance. An indirect negative effect of parasites was found by comparing bags hunted with a trained dog or without a dog. Grouse infected by cestodes were significantly more common in the dog-assisted bag. Thus, cestode infection seemed to make grouse more vulnerable to canine predation. The interaction between grouse population dynamics and parasites was studied by analyzing the grouse densities obtained from annual wildlife counts and parasite indices. A. compar was most common and most abundant in the years of grouse population decline. The grouse population growth rate was negatively correlated with the annual mean abundance of A. compar. Relative survival but not breeding success decreased as the abundance of A. compar increased. The findings suggest that A. compar influences the dynamics of Finnish grouse even though regular cyclic dynamics are no longer evident. / Tiivistelmä Loiset kuuluvat erottamattomana osana luonnonvaraisten lintujen elämään. Ne voivat aiheuttaa sairautta, kuolleisuutta tai hedelmällisyyden alentumista. Tyypillisesti loiset ovat levinneet isäntäpopulaatioon epätasaisesti ja monet isännän ominaisuudet (esim. ikä) vaikuttavat levinneisyyteen. Tietyissä oloissa loiset voivat jopa säädellä isäntäpopulaatiotaan. Suomalaiset metsäkanalinnut — metso Tetrao urogallus, teeri Lyrurus tetrix ja pyy Tetrastes bonasia — ovat useiden suolistoloismatolajien isäntiä. Metsäkanapopulaatiot ovat vaihdelleet syklisesti, mutta syklejä aiheuttavat mekanismit ovat yhä tuntemattomia. Tutkin metsäkanalintujen ja niiden suolistoloisten välisiä vuorovaikutuksia käyttäen metsästäjien vuosina 1995–2002 viidestä eri riistanhoitopiiristä keräämiä suolistonäytteitä. Yleisin loislaji näytteissä oli kanalintusuolinkainen, Ascaridia compar. Myös kolme heisimatolajia (Skrjabinia cesticillus, Paroniella urogalli ja Hymenolepis sp.) todettiin. Suuri koko, koirassukupuoli ja yli yhden vuoden ikä olivat yhteydessä suurempaan kanalintusuolinkaistartunnan todennäköisyyteen ja voimakkuuteen. Nuorilla (alle 1 v.) linnuilla heisimadot olivat yleisiä, kun taas aikuisilla tartunnat olivat varsin harvinaisia. Sisäsiittoisuuden vaikutusta loistartuntaherkkyyteen tutkittiin metsolla mikrosatelliittiheterotsygotian perusteella. Vähemmän heterotsygoottiset metsot olivat todennäköisemmin ja voimakkaammin suolinkaisten infektoimia, mikä viittaa sisäsiittoisuuden negatiiviseen vaikutukseen loisten vastustuskykyyn. Loisten epäsuora haitallinen vaikutus havaittiin, kun verrattiin koiran kanssa ja ilman koiraa metsästettyä lintusaalista. Heisimadot olivat selvästi yleisempiä linnuilla, jotka oli metsästetty koiran kanssa kuin ilman koiraa metsästetyillä. Heisimatotartunta näytti siis altistavan metsäkanoja koiraeläinten saalistukselle. Metsäkanalintu- ja loispopulaatioiden välistä vuorovaikutusta tutkittiin analysoimalla vuosittaisia metsäkanatiheyksiä ja loisten runsautta. Kanalintusuolinkainen oli yleisimmillään ja runsaimmillaan metsäkanatiheyden laskuvuosina. Metsäkanapopulaation vuosittainen kasvuvauhti korreloi negatiivisesti kanalintusuolinkaisen vuosittaisen runsauden kanssa. Suhteellinen elossasäilyvyys laski kanalintusuolinkaisen runsauden lisääntyessä, mutta lisääntymistuloksen suhteen ei ollut samaa ilmiötä. Löydökset viittaavat siihen, että kanalintusuolinkaisella on vaikutusta suomalaisten metsäkanalintukantojen vaihteluihin, vaikka syklisiä kannanvaihteluja ei enää havaitakaan.

No description available.

Dans le contexte général de l’érosion de la biodiversité, deux espèces d’oiseaux forestiers, le Grand Tétras (Tetrao urogallus) et la Gélinotte des bois (Bonasa bonasia), présentes dans le massif Jurassien sont menacées par la perte et la fragmentation de leur habitat à l’échelle régionale. En particulier, dans le massif Jurassien l’extension progressive des tâches de régénération du hêtre induit la transformation du couvert végétal constitué de myrtilles et d’herbacées favorable en un habitat fermé défavorable. Le destin de ces deux espèces emblématiques dépend pour la première d’actions de gestions et pour la seconde d’une meilleure connaissance de la distribution et de la dynamique des populations. La coupe des zones de régénération fait partie des principales actions envisagées pour restaurer l’habitat forestier. Cependant ces actions de gestion ou de suivi des populations sont couteuses en temps et en argent. Ainsi, l’opportunité d’utiliser deux jeux de données LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) couvrant la majorité de l’aire de distribution des deux espèces dans le massif Jurassien a initié le projet de cartographie des habitats de chaque espèce et de la présence des tâches de régénération du hêtre en utilisant des modèles de distribution d’espèces (SDMs). L’objectif est de soutenir les gestionnaires dans leurs décisions et actions grâce à la production de prédictions spatiales adaptées. La réalisation de cet objectif dépend de la fiabilité des modèles produits, mais aussi de la bonne transmission des résultats par le chercheur aux gestionnaires qui ne sont pas familiers avec les méthodes utilisées. Dans un premier temps, le choix d’une méthode de modélisation appropriée (correction du biais d’échantillonnage, échelles, algorithmes) par rapport aux caractéristiques des jeux de données et aux objectifs a été évalué. Dans un second temps, l’utilisation de variables environnementales LiDAR orienté-objet (arbres et trouées) pour faciliter l’appropriation des résultats par les gestionnaires a été testée. Enfin, les résultats obtenus ont permis la création de modèles multi-échelles et de carte de prédictions pour chacune des espèces démontrant la capacité du LIDAR de représenter la structure de la végétation qui influence la présence des espèces d’oiseaux forestières étudiées. Des modèles de distribution de la régénération du hêtre ont pu aussi être créés à une échelle fine. / In the general context of biodiversity erosion, two forest bird species occurring in the French Jura massif, the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and the Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia), are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation at the regional scale. In particular, intensive beech regeneration patches extension in the Jura massif is leading to the transformation of the understory cover, once suitable with bilberry and herbaceous vegetation, to closed unfavorable habitat. The fate of those two emblematic species is depending for the first on future management actions and for the second on a better knowledge of the species population’s dynamics and occurrences. In particular, the cutting of the beech regeneration patches is one of the efficient management actions undertaken to restore the habitat. However, management actions and surveys are money and time consuming due to the large area that need to be covered. The opportunity to use two Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) datasets covering a major part of the distribution of the two species in the Jura massif initiated the phD project, with the objective to support managers in their decisions and actions by the creation of adapted distribution predicted maps using Species Distribution Models (SDMs) (Hazel Grouse, Capercaillie and beech regeneration). The realization of this objective is depending on the reliability of the models produced and on the capacity of the researcher to transfer the results to managers who are not familiar with modeling methods. In a first step, the choice of the appropriate modeling method regarding the datasets characteristics and the objectives was investigated (sampling bias correction, scales, and algorithms). In addition, the use of object-oriented LiDAR predictors (trees and gaps) pertinent from both species and managers point of view to facilitate the results transfer was tested. The results obtained were used to create appropriate multi-scale SDMs and to predict distribution maps for both target species, demonstrating the capacity of LiDAR to represent vegetation structures that influence the targeted forest bird species occurrences. Models at a fine scale were also created to map the beech regeneration distribution in the Jura massif.

The name of the project prompts the problems of legacy of industrial premises. The goal of my work was to consider, how to use the buildings in the premises in Obřany, Brno. The aim was on the most important object – former building of Essler’s spinning factory, which was supposed to be turned into school of architecture for one hundred students in two school years. The work aims on connection of the area with the city. It solves objects themselves, tries to find accurate usage of them, for example commersial premises, student housing and so on. All this is united with the concept of „union“, which goes throught the whole area and tries to create simple a most of all plesant public places. The school – building of former spinning factory – disclose it’s strenght in it‘s open space, when the whole structure of the building is visible. I came from this conviction into my project, that agreed with my image of open shool. I wanted to design a school, where students could create together, where they would have review of the whole space, about other students. Tuitions would become public matter, where everybody could join.

The Valley's Topoclimate and Its Influence on The Vegetation Abstract The thesis as presented deals with specific valley's topoclimate of a chosen example of one particular valley located near the city Jílové u Prahy. The main objective of the thesis which has been defined is to evaluate the topoclimate of the determined area and its influence on the phytogeographical and phenological situation of the valley. The outdoor temperature measurements carried out by using Assmann's psychrometer as well as the observations of the plant's phenological state have been taken in the course of repeated expeditions into the valley in 2011 and 2012. The formations of night valley's inversions have been confirmed. The temperature gradient of 6 řC and three and half an hour long inversion following the sunrise have been recorded as a result of the measurement performed on 28th April 2012. As a consequence of the valley's parts shading the temperature differences have been proven. As a referential meteorological station the faculty's own station situated on the peak of Pecný hill and the automated personal weather station in Okrouhlo were used. The lower temperatures in the valley have a clear impact on the commencement of the plant's phenological stages. A detailed phenological scale was created in order to observe...

European hazelnut is a significant crop in the Pacific Northwest, and the US ranks 4th internationally for hazelnut production. Production in the Pacific Northwest is threatened, however, by the disease eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. To meet the challenges faced by the hazelnut industry in Oregon and Washington, the breeding program at Oregon State University has focused on developing DNA marker technology and producing EFB resistant cultivars. This study focused on developing new microsatellite markers from hazelnut transcriptome sequences and on disease resistance from three accessions ('Culpla,' 'Crvenje,' and OSU 495.072) which showed no disease symptoms following a series of inoculations. DNA markers have been useful in hazelnut breeding for marker-assisted selection, construction of genetic linkage maps, cultivar fingerprinting, and phylogeny studies. Previously developed markers include AFLP, RAPD, ISSR, and microsatellite (SSR) markers developed from enriched libraries and ISSR fragments. This study utilized the transcriptome sequence from 'Jefferson' hazelnut to mine for microsatellites, align with the genomic sequence, design primers, screen for polymorphism, and characterize and map polymorphic markers. A total of 1432 microsatellites were mined from the transcriptome sequence, and the most frequently found motifs were AG (35.8%), AT (13.3%), and AAG (12.7%), and 382 primer pairs were designed. Screening showed that 119 markers were polymorphic, and these were characterized on sets of 50 and 14 accessions. Fifty-three markers that segregated in the mapping population or in three alternate populations were mapped and assigned to linkage groups. A dendrogram showed that accessions clustered mostly according to geographic origin. These results confirm the high level of diversity present in hazelnut, and the markers developed in this study will be useful for further genetics studies in hazelnut. The three EFB resistant parents 'Culpla,' 'Crvenje,' and OSU 495.072 were subjected to two inoculation treatments: greenhouse inoculations and exposure under an inoculation structure. The accessions remained free of disease after both treatments. Progeny segregating for resistance were produced. The progeny were inoculated either in the greenhouse or under the structure, and disease response recorded for each individual. DNA was extracted from seedlings, and sets of 32 seedlings from each resistant parent were screened with previously mapped markers using PCR and capillary electrophoresis. All three resistance sources were correlated with marker A614, allowing the resistance loci to be assigned to linkage group (LG) 6. The progeny were then screened with all known microsatellite markers on LG 6, and linkage maps constructed of the marker loci and resistance loci. Markers KG821, LG628, and LG696 are especially close to the resistance loci and will be useful for marker-assisted selection. Although these resistance loci are located in the same region of LG 6 as the 'Gasaway' resistance gene, they are different from 'Gasaway,' and markers linked to resistance will be useful for introgressing and pyramiding resistance in new cultivars. / Graduation date: 2013