Previous research indicates that journalistic roles change in times of crisis, from critically reviewing authorities to disseminating information. Why does this happen? And are these indications true within a Swedish context? The aim of this study is to investigate how journalistic roles in Swedish media has changed over time during the covid-19 pandemic and what factors that lies behind the change.[JB1]  To do this, a quantitative content analysis of Swedish news articles was used in combination with qualitative interviews with journalists. The content analysis found that the presence of critical roles (detached watchdog and critical change agent) decreased during the first months of the pandemic while the presence of informational and regime-friendly roles (populist disseminator and opportunist facilitator) increased. One year into the pandemic, the presence of critical roles resurged towards a normal level while the two informational and regime-friendly roles decreased. The qualitative interviews show that, whilst the perceived journalistic roles did not change during the pandemic, the ability to put those ideals to practice was affected by several external factors. These factors include: the dominance of corona-related news, the challenging nature of critically reviewing an ongoing crisis, a general lack of corona-related knowledge, changes in work practice and working environment, and a lack of previous experience from similar crises. The change in practiced journalistic roles was generally viewed by the respondents as unintended and problematic. This underlines the important difference between perceived and practiced journalistic roles.  [JB1]Reviderat.

En décembre 2012, une controverse sur les risques accrus de thrombose veineuse profonde associés aux pilules contraceptives dites de nouvelles générations éclate en France. Cette controverse conduit à l’expression d’une critique à l’égard de la pilule en France, érigée jusqu’alors comme symbole de l’émancipation féminine. Près d’une femme sur cinq abandonne la pilule au profit d’autres méthodes, déstabilisant le modèle contraceptif français centré sur la promotion de ce contraceptif. Malgré son intensité, la controverse est tardive. Dès 1995, les risques associés avaient été identifiés dans de nombreux pays européens, dont le Royaume-Uni.Cette thèse cherche à comprendre le confinement des risques pendant près de vingt années en France. Elle s’appuie sur une enquête par entretiens semi-directifs (n=74) conduits auprès d’acteur·rice·s français·es et européen·ne·s de la contraception, complétée par une analyse des archives du Ministère de la Santé et par une revue de la littérature scientifique et institutionnelle. L’analyse de la controverse britannique de 1995 apporte un éclairage sur les spécificités de la situation française.L’analyse de cette controverse permet de retracer les politiques contraceptives françaises des années 1980 à nos jours. Cette histoire met en évidence la structuration d’un espace de la contraception construit autour d’un schéma hormonal et genré d’appréhension des corps reproducteurs. Il fait apparaître le rôle central des laboratoires pharmaceutiques et l’influence importante de la gynécologie médicale en France. Ces éléments permettent de mieux comprendre la minimisation des risques associés aux contraceptifs hormonaux en France.Outre les stratégies de dissimulation du risque, la trajectoire de cette controverse témoigne aussi d’une division sexuelle du risque, notamment en matière de régulation du médicament. De nombreux travaux ont documenté les effets de la (bio)médicalisation de la contraception sur sa féminisation. Rares sont ceux qui proposent une analyse de la régulation du médicament en général et des contraceptifs en particulier dans une perspective de genre. Les logiques scientifiques, institutionnelles et politiques de définition, mesure et traitement du risque médicamenteux se sont pourtant construites autour d’une appréhension genrée des corps féminin et masculin. La controverse de 2012-2013 met en lumière une distinction et un partage inégal du risque contraceptif entre les sexes, une asymétrie qui repose sur l’essentialisation du travail contraceptif et reproductif. / In December 2012, a controversy broke out in France over the increased risks of deep vein thrombosis associated with new generation contraceptive pills. This controversy led to the expression of an intense criticism of the pill in France, which until then had been a symbol of female emancipation. Nearly one in five women thus dropped the pill in favor of other methods. This has destabilized a French contraceptive model focused on the promotion of the pill. Despite its intensity, this controversy happened in France with quite a delay. As early as 1995, the associated risks had been identified in many other European countries, including the United Kingdom.The aim of this research is to understand the ignorance of these risks in France for nearly twenty years. It is based on interviews (n=74) conducted with French and European actors committed in birth control. An analysis of the Ministry of Health’s archives and a review of the scientific and institutional literature have also been led. The analysis of the 1995 British controversy sheds light on the specificity of the French situation.The analysis of this controversy leads to describe the contraceptive policies from the 1980s to the present days. It reveals how the contraceptive space has been structured around a hormonal and gendered perception of the reproductive bodies. This analysis highlights the central role played by the pharmaceutical companies but also by medical gynecology in France. These first results help to better understand the minimizing of risks associated with hormonal contraceptives in France.The trajectory of this controversy shows more broadly a sexual division of risk, especially in matters of drugs regulation. Many studies have depicted how the (bio)medicalisation of birth control has led to its feminization. But few offer a gender analysis of drugs regulation in general and contraceptives regulation in particular. The scientific, institutional and political logics of definition, evaluation and handling of drugs risks are nevertheless embedded in a gendered perception of female and male bodies. The 2012-2013 controversy reveals the distinction and unequal sharing of contraceptive risks between sexes, an inequality that also relies on an essentialism of contraceptive and reproductive work.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), as it would later be known, began to appear in the United States in 1981. Medical professionals from around the country began to track a mysterious set of illnesses that were affecting previously healthy people, most of who were homosexual men. As the disease spread, it was clear that homosexual men were being most affected. There was no cure to this illness which was quickly killing those infected. In October 1981, the Indianapolis Bag Ladies, a group of gay men, began as a simple Halloween Bus Tour around the city. Coby Palmer, Gary Johnson, and Ed Walsh teamed up by renting three charter busses for their new “Bag Ladies Bus.” Their campy drag involved multiple costume changes that required them to tote bags around, thus earning their name. By 1982, the Bag Ladies knew they needed to do more than have a party. The second bus tour was all about collecting money and creating a “war chest” for the gay community of Indianapolis in case AIDS made its way to the city. In doing this, they became one of the first grassroots HIV/AIDS support groups in the United States. After over 38 years of continued efforts, the Indianapolis Bag Ladies have impacted the Indianapolis LGBTQ communities through a variety of programs that expanded beyond the original bus tour. This thesis explores and analyzes these efforts which include Nurse Safe Sexx, a safe sex campaign; the Damien Center, a HIV/AIDS health clinic; and the Buddy House and Buddy Support Program, two programs connecting people with AIDS to support programs. The final chapter of this thesis expands on the discussion through a public program hosted by the Indiana Historical Society and demonstrates how programs surrounding these topics can be successful for museums and participants.

Scarce community mental health resources have led to people in crisis (PIC) overusing the emergency department (ED) and encountering police more frequently. To divert PIC from the ED and criminal justice system, and support them in their community, police services have implemented crisis response teams (CRTs). CRTs refer to police, health and mental health crisis response. Evidence of CRTs’ effectiveness in achieving their desired outcomes is limited, mixed, and/or anecdotal. I completed three studies using various theoretical and methodological approaches, which included: (a) a critical interpretative synthesis (CIS) of the conditions under which CRTs are formed, their features, and their outcomes; (b) a policy analysis using a case study design to examine how and why a CRT model was adopted in Hamilton, Canada; and (c) a what’s the problem represented to be (WPR) critical policy analysis of why police are implicated in crisis response. The CIS presents a conceptual framework depicting how unresolved structural conditions produce system- and individual-level challenges. Second, the case study examines the mobile crisis rapid response team (MCRRT) development in Hamilton. The analysis shows that initiatives that incrementally expand on the boundaries of existing programs are likely to be adopted. Third, drawing on WPR, we excavate problem representations within policy and policy-related texts to understand why police-based CRTs are expanded in Ontario. When mental health is framed in terms of safety and implicated within discourses about risk and danger police intervention is legitimized. Collectively, these studies provide a theoretical framework connecting structural, system, and individual factors most relevant to CRTs; demonstrate that an incremental approach to CRT adoption did not disrupt existing system arrangements; and problematizations within government policies that legitimize police in mental health crisis response. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Since deinstitutionalization, during which mental health patients were discharged into the community, this population has had more frequent encounters with police, contributing to criminalization and tragedies. They have also increasingly sought mental health crisis support in emergency departments. Police, health, and mental health crisis response teams (CRTs) have been implemented as an alternative response to people with mental health issues who are in crisis. To date, CRTs have been widely implemented but with little, mixed, and/or anecdotal evidence demonstrating their effectiveness. This dissertation contextualizes information about CRTs by presenting (a) a conceptual framework on CRTs, outlining the structural, system, and individual conditions under which CRTs are formed, their features, and outcomes; (b) a case study that examined under what conditions a CRT was developed and implemented in Hamilton, Canada; and (c) a critical discourse analysis of CRTs.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1998. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 97-106.

The study was an assessment to determine the health rehabilitation interventions employed by Zimbabwe health actors between 2009 and 2011. It also was to ascertain the extent to which the interventions met criteria for effective rehabilitation, and that includes, health rehabilitation should ease the transition between health humanitarian and health development. Data was collected through interviewing health actors and review of policy documents while a vulnerability analysis approach was applied. The study revealed that, while the implemented health recovery interventions resulted in halting the health crisis, their role in facilitating progress towards health development was marginal. There were clear humanitarian residual issues and evidence of weak areas of the health system. A clear pathway needed to be mapped by actors, particularly policy makers to ensure effective rehabilitation. However, this seemed to lack in some areas. There were numerous overlapping and repetitive policies with little detailed guidelines. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The study was an assessment to determine the health rehabilitation interventions employed by Zimbabwe health actors between 2009 and 2011. It also was to ascertain the extent to which the interventions met criteria for effective rehabilitation, and that includes, health rehabilitation should ease the transition between health humanitarian and health development. Data was collected through interviewing health actors and review of policy documents while a vulnerability analysis approach was applied. The study revealed that, while the implemented health recovery interventions resulted in halting the health crisis, their role in facilitating progress towards health development was marginal. There were clear humanitarian residual issues and evidence of weak areas of the health system. A clear pathway needed to be mapped by actors, particularly policy makers to ensure effective rehabilitation. However, this seemed to lack in some areas. There were numerous overlapping and repetitive policies with little detailed guidelines. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)