Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The criminalization of mental illness has drawn and kept a disproportionate number of people living with mental illness in jails and prisons across the United States. The criminal legal system is ill-equipped or unequipped to provide meaningful mental health care. Police often serve as gatekeepers to the criminal legal system in the midst of encounters involving people living with serious mental illness. The literature that examines police decision-making amid these highly discretionary encounters has been primarily situated in post-positivist, quantitative methodologies focused on police perspectives. There is a dearth of research with the direct involvement of people living with serious mental illness that employs more advanced qualitative methodologies. The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experience of police encounters from the perspective of people living with serious mental illness through multi-level analysis of the interpersonal and structural contexts which underpin these encounters. This critical phenomenological study used interpretative phenomenological analysis as process. A sample of 16 adults were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling and completed semi-structured interviews. The findings reported two descriptive areas for participants—aspects of serious mental illness and contemplations of power. The findings also included the interpretive analysis organized around six themes that emerged regarding the lived experience of police encounters: (a) significant context, to include serious mental illness, was made invisible, (b) the carceral response to serious mental illness and interpersonal issues, (c) law enforcement’s power to force submission, (d) facets of escalation, (e) law enforcement encounters lacked essential care, and (f) law enforcement encounters served as a microcosm of the criminal legal system. The implications of the study’s findings on police encounters as they are currently framed in the largely post-positivist, quantitative body of research are discussed. In addition, the current wave of national police response models and reform are considered and connected to implications for social work practice. Finally, culminating in the findings’ implications for a growing edge of critical phenomenology that incorporates intersectionality and disciplinary power and the central role of an abolition feminist praxis at the nexus of mental health, crisis response, and collective care.

First published in 1849, Charles Averill’s The Cholera-Fiend follows three villains as they attempt to artificially propagate cholera for their own villainous purposes in New York City. Gumbo, a Black servant to one of the villains, is meant to be the humorous relief in the text, but Gumbo experiences a calculated dehumanization from human to disabled, which causes him to be more at-risk for a health crisis—such as a tapeworm or cholera—than his white counterparts. Through analyzing the genre of cheap fiction, the views of medical professionals towards Black bodies, and other ways Black bodies were used as entertainment, I will argue that Gumbo’s character is representative of the disadvantages directed towards Blacks in times of health crisis—a social crisis within the wider health crisis.

Yes / To identify, describe, and classify the cases of health corruption present in selected Western [the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK)] and Central-Eastern European (Poland and Slovakia) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. A rapid review of the literature was conducted, evaluating data from 11 March 2020 to 15 April 2021. Information sources included MEDLINE via WoS, IBSS via ProQuest, Scopus, and gray literature. Thirteen cases were identified across the four countries. The primary type of health corruption in Western European countries was procurement corruption, while misuse of (high) level positions was the most prevalent in Central-Eastern European countries. Actors from central governments were most involved in cases. The rule of law and anti-corruption watchdogs reported most cases in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, while the media reported cases in Poland and Slovakia. The differences in types of corruption in WE and CEE countries emphasize the need to contextualize the approach to tackle corruption. Thus, further research in preventing and tackling corruption is a vital and necessary undertaking despite the inherent of conducting health corruption research.

During a public health crisis, officials need to communicate with the public quickly and accurately. Social networking sites (SNS) have been identified as an appropriate channel for this type of communication; however, few studies have examined what makes SNS messages effective. Further limiting research in this area is a lack of attention to theoretical constructs that may explain message effectiveness in SNS. In this dissertation, I propose that diffusion of innovations (DOI) be used to understand SNS and message success on SNS. In doing so, I compare traditional message success (persuasion) to message success on SNS platforms (amplification) and provide a brief overview of relevant message design constructs. I then conduct a study to analyze Twitter messages from state and local health departments and federal government agencies charged with communicating to the public during a public health crisis to test these theoretical claims and identify message elements that increase SNS message amplification. The context of the study is the fall 2014 Ebola crisis in the United States. The messages are first classified using content analysis methods to identify message design elements related to content, structure, and style. The success of those elements, in terms of the influence they have on messages amplification, is then evaluated using negative binomial regression. The results suggest that specific content (hazard information, response instruction, and official action), effective structure (word and image graphics), and key style choices (using figurative language, one hashtag or a keyword hashtag, and the first person) improve the amplification value of a message. Other choices, like mentioning another user, reduce the amplification value. These findings add to the evidence that suggests that DOI enhances scholars’ understanding of communication on SNS. In addition, the results demonstrate that messages can be conceptualized as innovations, and, as such, their characteristics influence the likelihood that they will be diffused through SNS platforms. The results suggest that those charged with communicating during a public health crisis use specific message strategies for SNS messages. These strategies include recommendations related to message content, message structure, and message style. Finally, the results suggest that scholars should continue research to understand the relationship between message design and message amplification in order to improve our knowledge of communication on SNS and help practitioners identify effective communication practices on this new and important channel. Research should also examine the relationship between persuasion and amplification in order to understand how amplification influences attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behavior in both those who amplify the message and in those who receive the message as a result of that amplification.

This study conducted a framing research that analyzed coverage of the bird flu (avian flu) in China by two major American newspapers that are influential in China (The New York Times and Washington Post). The goal was to examine how these two prestigious newspapers frame the bird flu epidemic in China and how they represent the country in this international health crisis. This study employed textual analysis regarding the way bird flu news articles were framed in terms of problem definition, causal explanation, moral evaluation and solution recommendations in both newspapers. The study found the epidemic was framed as more than just a public health crisis. Multiple news frames were found in both newspapers' coverage of bird flu, depicting the event as a cultural, social and political crisis to the nation and to the world.

In this thesis, the aim is to address the persistent challenges posed by differing perspectives despite the establishment of the TRIPS agreement, which serves as a shared foundation for addressing legal and practical gaps among jurisdictions worldwide. The focus is on analyzing the Bolar exemptions within TRIPS Flexibilities for pharmaceutical patents in three specific regions: the Republic of Finland, the People's Republic of China (China), and the United States (the US). By employing a hierarchical approach that incorporates deductive theory, examination of legal cases, and literature review, this research aims to identify and resolve disparities between these jurisdictions. Both international law and national legal systems are scrutinized to ensure comparability across the three continents. Ultimately, the study presents a comprehensive assessment of the advantages and disadvantages associated with implementing Bolar provisions in each country, particularly in the context of facilitating access to vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

No description available.

Que se passe-t-il chez les sujets confrontés à une crise cardiaque ? L’irruption brutale de symptômes dans lecorps active des phénomènes mentaux pour faire face à une urgence biologique qui menace la survie. Le sujeten crise est un soi à préserver en tant que soi-même, et un soi à transformer en tant que soi souffrant,nécessitant des soins. Deux niveaux de délibérations sont investis par la conscience en prise avec la menace :soi comme corps en crise, et soi, comme sujet en crise. L'urgence de préservation est psychique et corporelle.En se représentant soi-même avec toutes ses capacités, le sujet en crise lutte contre l'angoisse provoquée parl’infarctus du myocarde. Mais pendant que le soi-même résiste, le corps en crise impose sa temporalité etmenace le vivant. L'acceptation en urgence d'un soi souffrant est facilitée par une pleine conscience de soicomme corps et comme sujet. L'écoute au présent par le sujet en crise de ses ressentis du corps et de savulnérabilité, favorise la demande de soins. / What happens to subjects confronted with a heart attack? The raid of symptoms in the body activates mentalphenomena in order to deal with a threat to the life. The subject living a crisis is a self to protect as oneself, anda self to transform into a suffering self, requiring care. Two levels of deliberations are invested: the self as abody in crisis, and the self, as a subject in crisis. The urgency of self-preservation is psychic and physical. Byrepresenting the self with full capacities, subject in crisis fight against the anxiety caused by the myocardialinfarction. But while the oneself resists, the body in crisis imposes its temporality and threatens life. Urgentacceptance as a suffering self is facilitated by mindfulness of the self as body and subject. By listening to bodysensations and vulnerability in the present, subjects are more inclined to ask for care.

El propósito de esta investigación es exponer los argumentos académicos que sustentan la importancia del estilo de liderazgo en la resiliencia del personal de contacto de establecimientos hoteleros ante el impacto de la COVID-19. La metodología empleada fue la revisión bibliográfica, teniendo como base la revisión de libros y artículos científicos. A lo largo de la investigación, se identificó una extensa bibliografía que aborda el liderazgo como parte fundamental en las organizaciones y colaboradores. Además, amplias publicaciones sobre la resiliencia. Sin embargo, se encontró que, si bien existen investigaciones sobre los estilos de liderazgo, pocos se enfocan en la relación que tienen estos estilos con la resiliencia de los colaboradores. A partir de ello, se analizó la importancia de ambas variables ante el impacto de la COVID-19 en el sector hotelero. El efecto de la COVID-19 en la salud de las personas ha sido devastador, diversos sectores se han visto gravemente perjudicados, siendo el sector hotelero uno de estos. Ante ello, el estilo de liderazgo aplicado por los líderes hoteleros es clave para la resiliencia de los seguidores. Se encontró que, si bien a lo largo de los años los líderes hoteleros se han enfocado tanto en el crecimiento de la organización como el de los colaboradores y formar un buen equipo con ellos, en estos tiempos, es necesario un estilo de liderazgo que se enfoque principalmente en generar resiliencia en los colaboradores, en mostrarles su apoyo y empatía ante una de las peores crisis sanitarias. / The purpose of this research is to present the academic arguments that support the importance of leadership style in the resilience of personal contact of hotel establishments in the face of the impact of COVID-19. The methodology used was the bibliographic review, based on the review of books and scientific articles. Throughout the research, an extensive bibliography was identified that addresses leadership as a fundamental part of organizations and collaborators. Plus, extensive publications on resilience. However, it was found that, although there is research on leadership styles, few focus on the relationship that these styles have with the resilience of employees. Based on this, the importance of both variables was analyzed in light of the impact of COVID-19 in the hotel sector. The effect of COVID-19 on people's health has been devastating, various sectors have been seriously harmed, the hotel sector being one of these. Given this, the leadership style applied by hotel leaders is key to the resilience of followers. It was found that, although throughout the years' hotel leaders have focused both on the growth of the organization and that of the collaborators and form a good team with them, in these times, a leadership style that focuses mainly on building resilience in employees, showing them their support and empathy in the face of one of the worst health crises. / Trabajo de investigación

This study investigates what roles the Chinese state-owned media play in the Covid-19 outbreak in terms of what kind of messages they delivered on Weibo and the quality of the messages. It also explores how the public is engaged with these messages on Weibo. Both the messages and the engagement are examined by mix-method content analysis.   The exploration of the Weibo messages relies on the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) framework. The CERC framework combines various existing theories and compiles them into a communication guideline for a health crisis. This study examines the messages by focusing on sensemaking and self-efficacy. Sensemaking is informing the public of the nature of the crisis; self-efficacy reflects people’s confidence in the capacity to change behaviours and deal with the problems. It was found that Weibo provides a platform for delivering sensemaking messages and self-efficacy messages in the coronavirus outbreak. However, considering the accuracy, relevance and intelligibility of strategic health communication, the quality of the messages is debatable in some cases.   The exploration of social media engagement relies on Liu, Lu and Wang’s virality theory on social media which discusses four aspects of engagement: authority, privacy, evidence and incentive appeal. This study shows how each of these aspects influences how people engage with messages on Weibo: the effect of different authorities on the message engagement; the usage of one-to-one communication and one-to-many communication in the engagement; and the engagement in positive appeals and negative appeals.