This diploma thesis deals with the design of a heating system for a "low-energy" house. It is conceived as a low temperature system using a combination of radiators and underfloor heating. The design is supplemented with a calculation of heat loss, a proposal of needed components, a scheme of the system and means of regulation. The second part solves the heat source selection. A solar system with vacuum tubes is used as the primary source. The second one is an electrical water heater located in the accumulation reservoir for the hot domestic water. Necessary calculations for the design of the solar system, together with a scheme and means of regulation, are enclosed in this section.

The master’s thesis deals with the design of solar assisted space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) heating in a detached single family dwelling. The thesis contains the heating load calculations as well as the calculation of the energy consumption for space and DHW heating. The thesis also contains the actual design and sizing of the heating system including the drawings. A simulation of solar heating was carried out with the use of the TRNSYS simulation tool in order to assess the yield of the solar heating system.

The master’s thesis contains a complete design scheme of the heating system for a family house after additional thermal insulation of some structures. In the first part, we will learn about the house and the climatic conditions. In the next section there is the calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficients for building structures and also of the heat losses of the building before and after additional insulation. In the next section there is a selection of the temperature gradient, radiators, heat proposal for an option with a single source as well as for an option with two sources. The pressure losses through each element were calculated and hydraulic balancing using the thermo-regulation valves was performed. In the conclusion the safety components were checked and the total costs of both the implementation and the drawing documentation were assessed.

This dissertation is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the use of waste heat in the theoretical plane, where methods and possibilities of using this heat are described. Part Two, which is computational, deals with the suggestion of heating industrial halls with an adjacent, mostly office, building in two variants, then it goes on to also deal with the concept of equal pressure forced ventilation, a proposal of air curtains and preparation of hot water, where the heat source is a boiler. In the last part an experiment took place which investigated the conversion efficiency of thermal to electric energy.

The main goal of this diploma thesis „apartment building“ is create project documentation for building construction. This apartment building located in Policka's suburb is designed for 32 people living in 8 apartments. The building is designed as detached house on four floors, without basement. The first floor above the ground is used as a apartment for handicapped people, common rooms, cleaning room, maintenance room, and garages for 5 cars. In the second floor above the ground there are apartments. In the last floor above the ground there are entrance to rooftop and an apartment for 7 people. All floors are connected with staircase and elevator. Bearing and partition walls are lined with ceramic bricks Heluz, heating contact system. Ceiling panel system is designed Spiroll. The roof is flat.

The master’s thesis contains design for heat insulation of a family house for purpose of reducing the heat loss, adding a new room and complete design of heating system. First part is introducing the house, followed by calculating the heat loss for the original building. Next step proposes the heat insulation of constructions, design for the new room and recalculating the modified heat loss including comparison with the original values. Another part is dealing with the design of the heating system, providing calculations of the power requirement and the pressure loss of underfloor heating and panel radiators. After that there was the selection of the heat pump, bivalent heat source, choice of storage tank and solution for domestic water heating. In the last part the security components were checked, drawing documentation were created and attached and the calculation of return on investment was made.

This thesis deals with the reconstruction of the Adamov municipality,based on a solution of barrier-free building use, overall improvement of the energy performance of the building and creation of new office spaces in the form of a loft. The object is located on a building site in the town Adamov. The object is currently connected to a III. road, parking space and utilities. It is a building with three above-ground floors and one basement floor. The ground plan of the municipality is rectangle-shaped, the maximum outline dimensions of the rectangle are 28.38 x 16.70m. Existing vertical supporting constructions are mason made of fired bricks. The roof frame structure is made of wood, construction framework stagnant stool, fired tiles are used as roofing. Floor surfaces are formed by ceramic tiles or vinyl. The entrance part is covered with a flat roof. The entrance area will be redesigned as a barrier-free, with a connection to the elevator that goes through the entire object. The sanitary facilities in the first and in the second floor will be renovated. Newly created attic floor will be – except for the lift - connected to the interior of the building by a new steel staircase and the walls on this floor will be of a light type. Holes fillings will be changed in the perimeter walls. A thermal insulation of the entire object by a contact heating system will take place. This thesis consists of preparatory work and studies, implementing documentation, text reports, calculations of the thermal technical assessment and fire safety solutions. Project documentation is made in accordance with currently valid laws, regulations and standards.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Simulationsprogramm für das Gas-Verhalten in Heizungssystemen entwickelt. Der Gaseintrag durch das Membranausdehnungsgefäß und Dichtungsstellen, die Entstehung und Ansammlung von Gasblasen und die Funktionen der Heizungsanlage werden in einem Programm dynamisch simuliert. Mit diesem Programm wird eine Parameter-Studie durchgeführt. Die Einflüsse verschiedener Faktoren auf das Vorhandensein des Gases und die Leistung der Heizungsanlage werden ausgewertet, wie zum Beispiel der Druck und Temperatur im Heizungssystem, die Gasgehalten im Füllwasser, die Auswirkung eines atmosphärischen Entgasungsgeräts. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Einfluss der Gaspermeation auf das Auftreten von Gasblasen im Heizungssystem im Vergleich zum Anfangsgasgehalt im Füllwasser sehr gering ist. Bei höherer Temperatur dringt viel mehr Sauerstoff in das System ein. Die meisten Gasblasen sammeln sich in dem Heizkörper in der höchsten Etage mit dem kürzesten Kreislauf an. Das atmosphärische Entgasungsgerät wirkt besser als das MAG bei der Druckhaltung. Jedoch wird mehr Rost in der Heizungsanlage durch den von dem Behälter des Entgasungsgeräts eingetragenen Sauerstoff erzeugt. / The purpose of this paper is to find out how and how much gas get into the heating system through permeation, when and where the gas bubbles get accumulated in the heating system and how well an atmospheric degassing device works. For this propose a dynamic timestep simulation was made with C# program to simulate heating system and the gas behaviors in the system. Sensibility tests were made for different factors such as sealing material, temperature and gas concentration in water. In addition, the speed of the gas permeation in the dynamic simulation gets compared with the values of static calculation in the literature. The results showed, that different sealing material and different temperature could make a big difference for the amount of gas that permeate in to the system. But compare to the initial gas concentration in the filling water is gas permeation alone is not a decisive factor for the presence of gas bubbles in the heating system and does not have a major impact on the performance of the heating system. More oxygen enters the system and get consumed by corrosion at higher operation temperatures. The results also showed, that the atmospheric degassing device works better than MAG at the pressure maintenance and getting rid of gas bubbles. However, oxygen gets constantly introduced in to the heating system through the container of the atmospheric degassing device. More rust is therefore generated.

För att tillgodose framtidens växande behov av energi och samtidigt bidra till en långsiktigt hållbar energitillförsel krävs resurs- och energieffektivisering inom flera sektorer. Inte minst inom industrin som år 2016 stod för mer än 50 procent av det globala energibehovet. Tillvaratagandet av befintliga resurser såsom spillvärme från tryckluftsproduktion är en möjlig effektiviseringsåtgärd. Till grund för examensarbetet ligger ett önskemål från koncernen Sandvik AB att utreda besparingspotential och kostnader för reinvestering i en av industrins kompressorcentraler, Götvalsverket. Reinvesteringen avser två nya kompressorer vars spillvärme integreras i industrins befintliga närvärmesystem och möjliggör för minskade resurs- och energikostnader samt utsläpp av CO2. Arbetet syftar till att analysera olika kompressorlösningar utifrån ett ekonomiskt och miljömässig perspektiv. Detta görs med hjälp av insamlad data, känslighetsanalyser och lönsamhetskalkyler med tillhörande LCC. Målet är att kunna besvara olika frågeställningar rörande total investeringskostnad, energi- och resursbesparing samt utsläppsreducering. Två fall av produktion undersöks, dels vid drift enligt Götvalsverkets befintliga produktionstid och dels med en optimerad drifttid för kompressorenheterna. En litteraturstudie har också genomförts där flera studier visar att tryckluft är ett dyrt alternativ för energiproduktion och att implementering av effektiviseringsåtgärder, däribland återvinning av spillvärme, därför kan vara väl grundade investeringar. Även andra fördelar kan kopplas till energieffektivisering, exempelvis förbättrad produktion och arbetsmiljö för anställda. Resultatet av arbetet visade att särskilt ett kompressoralternativ stod ut från de övriga ur både en ekonomisk- och miljömässig synpunkt. Detta alternativ erbjöd inte den billigaste investeringen men däremot var mängden återvunnen värme så pass mycket större än för andra alternativ, att energibesparingen minskade återbetalningstiden drastiskt. Tillvaratagande av befintliga resurser som spillvärme, tillsammans med industrins minskade energianvändning, anses vara en nödvändighet för att kunna säkerställa välmående hos både människor, djur och natur i framtiden. / In order to meet the growing demand for energy in the future, while contributing to a long-term sustainable energy supply, resource and energy efficiency measures are required within several sectors. In 2016 the industry sector accounted for more than 50 percent of the global power demand. The use of existing resources, such as waste heat from compressed air production, is a possible efficiency measure.  Behind this thesis work is a request from the Sandvik AB Group to estimate savings potential and reinvestment costs in one of the industry's compressor centers, Götvalsverket. The reinvestment refers to two new compressors whose waste heat is integrated into the industry's existing district heating system and allows for reduced resource and energy costs as well as a reduction of CO2-emissions.  This work aims to investigate different compressor alternatives from an economic- and environmental perspective. This is done using collected data, a sensitivity analysis and profitability calculations with an attached LCC-analysis. The aim is to answer various questions regarding total investment cost, energy and resource saving as well as emission reduction. Two cases in production are investigated. The first according to the existing operation hours in Götvalsverket and the second case with an optimized operating time for the compressor units.  A literature review has also been conducted where several studies show that compressed air is an expensive alternative to energy production and that implementation of efficiency measures, including waste heat recovery, can be well-founded investments. Other benefits can also be linked to energy efficiency, such as improved production and an improved work environment for employees.  The result of the work showed that one alternative in particular stood out from the other compressor solutions, both from an economic and environmental point of view. This option did not offer the cheapest investment but the amount of recovered waste heat was much larger than for the other alternatives and therefore, energy savings reduced the payback period drastically.  The utilizing of existing resources such as waste heat, together with the industry sector’s reduced energy consumption, is considered a necessity in order to ensure the well-being of people, animals and nature in the future.

This master’s thesis elaborates a design of water heating and heating system for a building of a rehabilitation center in Horný Hričov. The theoretical section describes operational efficiency of gas boilers and associated calculation methods. The experimental section covers measurements of condensing gas boiler at various temperatures of heating water conducted in university laboratory. Operational efficiency was then calculated using indirect method based on the measurement results. Subsequently, calculated values and values measured by an operational efficiency analyzer were compared. The comparison revealed minor deviations in operational efficiency values and different values of condensing heat utilization between the calculations and the analyzer results. The analytical section of the thesis consists of complex designs of two versions of the heating system and the water heating. The first design version uses condensing gas boilers as a heat source while the second version uses a water-air heat pump instead. The project section of the thesis is executed in the scope for a building permit and consists of a technical report and a design documentation.