京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12878号 / 論農博第2805号 / 新制||農||1028(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4877(農学部図書室) / 31596 / (主査)教授 保川 清, 教授 安達 修二, 教授 伏木 亨 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20807号 / 医博第4307号 / 新制||医||1025(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 椛島 健治, 教授 瀬原 淳子, 教授 上杉 志成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Objetivos: Fator de crescimento de hepatócito (HGF) é um polipeptídeo multifuncional, envolvido na embriogênese e regeneração tecidual, com intensa atividade antifibrótica. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar os efeitos da injeção e reinjeção do HGF coincidindo com seu pico de ação sobre a densidade de colágeno, densidade de vasos, processo inflamatório na lâmina própria e espessura média do epitélio das pregas vocais escarificadas de coelhos. Métodos: Catorze coelhos foram submetidos à injúria em ambas as pregas vocais, subdivididos em grupos 1 e 2. Nos animais do grupo 1 injetou-se HGF nas pregas vocais direitas e nos animais do grupo 2 o HGF foi injetado bilateralmente, sendo reinjetado nas pregas vocais direitas 10 dias após, coincidindo com seu pico de ação. As pregas vocais esquerdas funcionaram como controle, e as laringes foram avaliadas respectivamente aos 30 e 40 dias, através de análise histológica. Resultados: Nossos resultados demonstraram menor densidade de colágeno nas pregas vocais direitas em relação aos controles em ambos os grupos (p=0,018). Densidade de vasos foi maior nas pregas vocais direitas dos animais do grupo 2 (p=0,018); a espessura média do epitélio e o processo inflamatório avaliado na lâmina própria mostraram diferenças estatisticamente não-significantes. Conclusões: A injeção do HGF promoveu menor densidade de colágeno na lâmina própria e a reinjeção levou à menor densidade de colágeno e maior densidade de vasos em pregas vocais escarificadas de coelhos / Objectives: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional polypeptide that plays various roles in embryogenesis and tissue regeneration and exhibits marked antifibrotic activity. The present study sought to assess the effects of HGF injection and reinjection coinciding with its peak of activity on collagen density, vessel density, inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria, and mean epithelial thickness in the injured rabbit vocal fold. Methods: Fourteen rabbits were subdivided into two groups and underwent scarring of both vocal folds. Animals in group 1 received HGF injections into the right vocal fold, whereas those in group 2 received bilateral HGF injections and a single reinjection into the right vocal fold 10 days after the first, to coincide with the peak of HGF activity. The left vocal folds served as controls in both groups. Histological assessment of laryngeal specimens was performed at 30 and 40 days respectively. Results: In both groups, collagen density was lower in the right vocal folds than in the left (control) folds (p=0.018). Vessel density was higher in the right vocal folds in group 2 (p=0.018). Differences were found in mean epithelial thickness and inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: In the scarred rabbit vocal fold, HGF injection is associated with decreased collagen density in the lamina propria, whereas reinjection after 10 days produces decreased collagen density and higher vessel density

Objetivos: Fator de crescimento de hepatócito (HGF) é um polipeptídeo multifuncional, envolvido na embriogênese e regeneração tecidual, com intensa atividade antifibrótica. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar os efeitos da injeção e reinjeção do HGF coincidindo com seu pico de ação sobre a densidade de colágeno, densidade de vasos, processo inflamatório na lâmina própria e espessura média do epitélio das pregas vocais escarificadas de coelhos. Métodos: Catorze coelhos foram submetidos à injúria em ambas as pregas vocais, subdivididos em grupos 1 e 2. Nos animais do grupo 1 injetou-se HGF nas pregas vocais direitas e nos animais do grupo 2 o HGF foi injetado bilateralmente, sendo reinjetado nas pregas vocais direitas 10 dias após, coincidindo com seu pico de ação. As pregas vocais esquerdas funcionaram como controle, e as laringes foram avaliadas respectivamente aos 30 e 40 dias, através de análise histológica. Resultados: Nossos resultados demonstraram menor densidade de colágeno nas pregas vocais direitas em relação aos controles em ambos os grupos (p=0,018). Densidade de vasos foi maior nas pregas vocais direitas dos animais do grupo 2 (p=0,018); a espessura média do epitélio e o processo inflamatório avaliado na lâmina própria mostraram diferenças estatisticamente não-significantes. Conclusões: A injeção do HGF promoveu menor densidade de colágeno na lâmina própria e a reinjeção levou à menor densidade de colágeno e maior densidade de vasos em pregas vocais escarificadas de coelhos / Objectives: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional polypeptide that plays various roles in embryogenesis and tissue regeneration and exhibits marked antifibrotic activity. The present study sought to assess the effects of HGF injection and reinjection coinciding with its peak of activity on collagen density, vessel density, inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria, and mean epithelial thickness in the injured rabbit vocal fold. Methods: Fourteen rabbits were subdivided into two groups and underwent scarring of both vocal folds. Animals in group 1 received HGF injections into the right vocal fold, whereas those in group 2 received bilateral HGF injections and a single reinjection into the right vocal fold 10 days after the first, to coincide with the peak of HGF activity. The left vocal folds served as controls in both groups. Histological assessment of laryngeal specimens was performed at 30 and 40 days respectively. Results: In both groups, collagen density was lower in the right vocal folds than in the left (control) folds (p=0.018). Vessel density was higher in the right vocal folds in group 2 (p=0.018). Differences were found in mean epithelial thickness and inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: In the scarred rabbit vocal fold, HGF injection is associated with decreased collagen density in the lamina propria, whereas reinjection after 10 days produces decreased collagen density and higher vessel density

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on October 13, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Background: Aberrant MET tyrosine kinase signaling is known to cause cancer initiation and progression. While MET inhibitors are in clinical trials against several cancer types, the clinical efficacies are controversial and the molecular mechanisms toward sensitivity remain elusive. Methods: With the goal to investigate the molecular basis of MET amplification (MET amp ) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) autocrine-driven tumors in response to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and neutralizing antibodies, we compared cancer cells harboring MET amp (MKN45 and MHCCH97H) or HGF-autocrine (JHH5 and U87) for their sensitivity and downstream biological responses to a MET-TKI (INC280) and an anti-MET monoclonal antibody (MetMab) in vitro, and for tumor inhibition in vivo. Results: We find that cancer cells driven by MET amp are more sensitive to INC280 than are those driven by HGF-autocrine activation. In MET amp cells, INC280 induced a DNA damage response with activation of repair through the p53BP1/ATM signaling pathway. Although MetMab failed to inhibit MET amp cell proliferation and tumor growth, both INC280 and MetMab reduced HGF-autocrine tumor growth. In addition, we also show that HGF stimulation promoted human HUVEC cell tube formation via the Src pathway, which was inhibited by either INC280 or MetMab. These observations suggest that in HGF-autocrine tumors, the endothelial cells are the secondary targets MET inhibitors. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that MET amp and HGF-autocrine activation favor different molecular mechanisms. While combining MET TKIs and ATM inhibitors may enhance the efficacy for treating tumors harboring MET amp , a combined inhibition of MET and angiogenesis pathways may improve the therapeutic efficacy against HGF-autocrine tumors.

This study explored the role of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 ion channels (TRPM8) in mechanisms of human glioblastoma (DBTRG) cell migration. Menthol stimulated influx of Ca2+, membrane current, and migration of DBTRG cells. Effects on Ca2+ and migration were enhanced by pre-treatment with hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). Effects on Ca2+ also were greater in migrating cells compared with non-migrating cells. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) inhibited all menthol stimulations. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis showed that DBTRG cells expressed both mRNA and protein for TRPM8 ion channels. Two proteins were evident: one (130-140 kDa) in a plasma membrane-enriched fraction, and a variant (95-100 kDa) in microsome- and plasma membrane-enriched fractions. Thus, TRPM8 plays a role in mechanisms that increase [Ca2+]i needed for DBTRG cell migration.

No description available.

A matriz extracelular serve como depósito para fatores biologicamente ativos, como fatores de crescimento e proteases, os quais influenciam no comportamento das células tumorais. A ADAMTS-1 (uma desintegrina e metaloproteinase com motivos trombospondina) é um membro da família de metaloproteases ADAMTSs. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o papel da ADAMTS-1 na regulação das atividades estimuladas pelo HGF ou TGF-β1, sobre as células de fibrossarcoma (HT1080). A superexpressão de ADAMTS-1 afetou a proliferação e a velocidade de migração das células HT1080 estimuladas por HGF, mas não por TGF-β1. Demonstramos que a superexpressão da ADAMTS-1 diminuiu a fosforilação do receptor c-Met e das vias downstream ERK1/2 e FAK. Adicionalmente, na presença do HGF, a superexpressão de ADAMTS-1 perturbou a formação de fibrossarcosferas in vitro e microtumores in vivo. Esses microtumores e células individuais apresentaram características morfológicas de lesões menos invasivas. Nossos dados sugerem que a ADAMTS-1 regula as atividades estimuladas pelo HGF no fibrossarcoma. / The extracellular matrix serves as a reservoir for biologically active factors, such as growth factors and proteases that influence the tumor cell behavior. ADAMTS-1 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) is a member of the ADAMTS family of metalloproteases. Here, we addressed the role played by ADAMTS-1 regulating HGF and TGF-β1 activities in fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080). ADAMTS-1 overexpression affected the proliferation and migration velocity of HT1080 cells, after stimulation with HGF. However, ADAMTS-1 overexpression failed to affect TGF-β1 activity. We showed that ADAMTS-1 overexpression decreased the phosphorylation of c-Met receptor and downstream signaling pathways ERK1/2 and FAK. Additionally, in presence of HGF, ADAMTS-1 overexpression disrupted the formation of fibrosarcospheres in vitro and microtumors in vivo. These microtumors and individual cells presented characteristics of low invasive tumor cells (rounded morphology). Our results suggest that ADAMTS-1 is involved in regulating HGF-related functions on fibrosarcoma cells.

A interação entre células tumorais e células estromais tem um papel central na progressão neoplásica. As células estromais mesenquimais multipotentes (MSCs) podem se integrar ao microambiente tumoral onde modulam o crescimento dos tumores por meio de distintos mecanismos. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o papel das MSCs na metástase, a principal causa de morte em pacientes com câncer. Utilizando um modelo de melanoma murino ortotópico, nós demonstramos que MSCs obtidas da medula óssea de camundongos (MO-MSCs) ocupam o nicho perivascular nos tumores primários e aumentam 2,5 vezes a incidência de micrometástases pulmonares quando co-infundidas com células de melanoma B16. Observamos ainda que o meio condicionado das MO-MSCs não altera o potencial de colonização pulmonar das células B16 infundidas sistemicamente. Isto indica que as MO-MSCs modulam as fases iniciais da cascata metastática, durante a qual ocorrem os processos de invasão e intravasão nos vasos sangüíneos. Em correlação com estes efeitos pró-metastáticos, o secretoma das MO-MSCs induziu a transição epitélio-mesenquimal (EMT) nas células de melanoma in vitro. Após cultivo em meio condicionado das MO-MSCs, as células B16 adquiriram uma morfologia evidentemente fibroblástica. Ao mesmo tempo, houve o rearranjo dos filamentos de actina e o aumento da expressão de marcadores mesenquimais como fibronectina, vimentina, FSP1, N-caderina e ZEB2, acompanhado da repressão transcricional de E-caderina. A ativação da EMT pelo secretoma das MO-MSCs resultou na aquisição de propriedades metastáticas nas células de melanoma. Após cultivo em meio condicionado de MO-MSCs, as células B16 tiveram seu potencial de ancoragem à fibronectina reduzido, ao passo que houve o aumento na mobilidade e no potencial de invasão em matrizes tridimensionais. Utilizando inibidores competitivos de ATP contra o receptor tirosina-cinase Met, demonstramos que a aquisição de todas as propriedades metastáticas avaliadas e a ativação da EMT nas células de melanoma é mediada pela ativação da via HGF/Met. Estes dados destacam o papel das MOMSCs no microambiente tumoral como fonte perivascular de moléculas indutoras da EMT, cuja ativação leva a aquisição de traços metastáticos nas células de melanoma. Além disso, a inibição da via HGF/Met pode neutralizar os efeitos das MO-MSCs sobre as células tumorais, contribuindo para a repressão de propriedades fundamentais que sustentam a progressão e a disseminação neoplásica. Estas informações são importantes para o desenvolvimento seguro das MO-MSCs como ferramenta terapêutica e demonstram a importância da sinalização entre MSCs e células tumorais na disseminação metastática. Mais especificamente, estas observações reforçam a inibição da via HGF/Met como uma abordagem promissora para o tratamento da metástase. / The crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells can profoundly impact tumor progression. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been reported to integrate the tumor microenvironment where they are described to modulate tumor growth by distinct mechanisms. However, little is known about the impact of MSCs on metastasis, the main cause of death in patients with cancer. Using an orthotopic mouse melanoma model, we showed that mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) occupy the perivascular niche within primary tumors and increased by 2.5-fold the incidence of lung micrometastases after co-infusion with B16 melanoma cells. Also, MO-MSCs conditioned medium did not affect the lung colonization ability of systemically infused B16 cells. This indicates that MO-MSCs induces the initial steps of the metastatic cascade, during which the invasion and intravasion occurs. Correlating with these metastatic effects, the BM-MSCs\' secretome activated the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in B16 cells in vitro. After culture in BMMSCs\' conditioned medium, B16 cells acquired an evident fibroblastic morphology. Simultaneously, we observed the rearrangement of actin filaments and the upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as fibronectin, vimentin, FSP1, Ncadherin and ZEB2. In agreement with the loss of epithelial phenotype, BM-MSCs\' secretome also suppressed E-cadherin expression in B16 cells. The activation of EMT by BM-MSCs leaded to the acquisition of metastatic traits in melanoma cells. After culture in BM-MSCs\' conditioned medium, B16 cells displayed reduced anchorage to fibronectin and increased motility and invasiveness in threedimensional matrix plugs. Inhibition of Met receptor with competitive ATP inhibitors demonstrated that the induction of EMT and the resultant acquisition of metastatic traits are driven by activation of HGF/Met signaling pathway. Taken together, these evidences highlight the role of BM-MSCs as a perivascular source of EMT-inductive signals, whose activation leads to acquisition of metastatic traits in melanoma cells. Furthermore, inhibition of HGF/Met signaling pathway can neutralize the effects of BM-MSCs on tumor cells, thereby allowing the repression of fundamental properties which support tumor progression and metastasis. This information is useful to safely develop BM-MSCs as therapeutic tool and demonstrate the relevance of the signaling between MSCs and tumor cells during metastasis. More specifically, it reinforces that inhibition of Met signaling can be a promissory approach for the treatment of metastasis.