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Zaqueo.pdf: 8755372 bytes, checksum: d4cb41bc00bf604cbe13dca0bf8c1774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the world, there are 7,726 species of amphibians described to date and the Anura order has the largest number of identified species, with approximately 6,784 species. The Brazilian anura fauna has 1,039 species, being the most representative. In terms of diversity, Rondonia state has several sub-sampled gaps and it has the highest rates of deforestation in the Amazon. Therefore, the study of the anurans of Pacaas Novos National Park (PNPN), located in Campo Novo of Rondônia, propose to contribute with the biodiversity knowledge of this region. Two areas of the park, upland sites non-subject of flooding and the seasonally flooded areas were sampled in six expeditions carried out during the months of July 2014 to August 2016. Time Limited Visual Search (PVLT) methods, Reproductive Sites (ASR) and Pitfall Traps with Drift Fences (AIQ) were used. The teams used in PVLT and ASR samplings was formed by four or five researchers collecting for two hours/methodology/night, totaling 322 h/man in both ecosystems. Four AIQs (10 pails of 100 Liters) were used with two traps at each area, totaling 340 pails/day/area. During expeditions, 1,571 specimens belonging to 62 species of anurans from thirteen families were recorded: Aromobatidae (5), Bufonidae (4), Centrolenidae (1), Ceratophryidae (1), Craugastoridae (5), Dendrobatidae (2), Hylidae 23), Leptodactylidae (10), Microhylidae (5), Odontophrynidae (1), Phyllomedusidae (3), Pipidae (1) and Ranidae (1). The most frequent family in the park was Hylidae (37.1%). However, Pristimantis fenestratus of the Craugastoridae family was the most abundant species, with 222 specimens recorded (14.13%). The less abundant species (less than 1%) were: Allobates femoralis, Dendropsophus leucophyllatus, D. sarayacuensis, Pristimantis delius, P. diadematus, Teratohyla adenocheira and Trachycephalus cf. cunauaru. The new records for the state were Allobates flaviventris, A. cf. gasconi, Pristimantis delius and P. diadematus. Dendropsophus juliani represented the first record for Brazil. When comparing the richness of two areas, it can be stated that the richness in the seasonally flooded areas is higher in the PNPN, with 18 species that were only found in this area. The richness of PNPN is similar that found in Espigão d'Oeste also located in in Rondonia. / No mundo, foram descritas 7.726 espécies de anfíbios, sendo a ordem Anura a que possui maior número de espécies identificadas com cerca de 6.784 espécies. O Brasil é o país com a maior riqueza da ordem Anura, apresentando o total de 1.039 espécies. O estado de Rondônia apresenta uma das maiores taxas de desmatamento na Amazônia, possuindo várias lacunas sub-amostradas quanto à sua diversidade. Portanto, o estudo dos anuros do Parque Nacional de Pacaás Novos, localizado em Campo Novo de Rondônia, propõem contribuir com o melhor conhecimento quanto a biodiversidade desta região. Foram amostradas duas áreas do parque, uma de floresta de terra firme e a outra de várzea, em seis expedições realizadas durante os meses de julho de 2014 a agosto de 2016, utilizando os métodos de procura visual limitada por tempo (PVLT), amostragem em sítios reprodutivos (ASR) e armadilha de interceptação e queda (AIQ). Para as amostragens de PVLT e ASR, equipe era formada quatro ou cinco pesquisadores coletando durante duas horas/metodologia/noite, totalizando 322 h/observador em ambos ecossistemas. Foram utilizadas quatro AIQ (10 baldes-100L) sendo duas armadilhas em cada base, totalizando 340 baldes/dia/base. Durante as expedições foram registrados 1.571 espécimes, pertencentes a 62 espécies de anuros de 13 famílias: Aromobatidae (5), Bufonidae (4), Centrolenidae (1), Ceratophryidae (1), Craugastoridae (5), Dendrobatidae (2), Hylidae (23), Leptodactylidae (10), Microhylidae (5), Odontophrynidae (1), Phyllomedusidae (3), Pipidae (1) e Ranidae (1). A família de maior ocorrência no parque foi a Hylidae (37,1%). No entanto, Pristimantis fenestratus da família Craugastoridae foi a espécie mais abundante sendo registrados 222 espécimes (14,13%). As espécies menos abundantes (menos de 1%) foram: Allobates femoralis, Dendropsophus leucophyllatus, D. sarayacuensis, Pristimantis delius, P. diadematus, Teratohyla adenocheira, e Trachycephalus cf. cunauaru. Dentre os novos registros para o estado estão Allobates flaviventris, A. cf. gasconi, Pristimantis delius e P. diadematus. Dendropsophus juliani representa o primeiro registro para o Brasil. Quando comparada a riqueza das duas áreas, pode-se afirmar que a riqueza na área de várzea é maior no PNPN, com 18 espécies que foram apenas encontradas nessa área. A riqueza do PNPN é similar a encontrada em Espigão d’Oeste também localizado em Rondônia.

No description available.

Ten species of anoles at Bajo Calima within the Choco of Western Colombia separate into two principal microhabitat groups: forest species, and those inhabiting openings and edges. The ten anoles further separate according to ground and vegetation dwellers. There is a relation at Bajo Calima between the number of anole species and vegetational structural diversity. Anole diversity within a given macrohabitat is by perch microsite/microclimate heterogeneity. These are the two major ecological dimensions along which similarity is limited or resources are partitioned.

Säbelzahnfrösche (Anura: Odontobatrachidae) sind eine Gruppe von fünf, in Westafrika endemische Wildbachspezialisten, die einzigartige Merkmale wie große Fangzähne und eine Drüse im Unterkiefer zeigen. Die Drüse enthält flüchtige Kohlenwasserstoffe, die Insektenpheromonen ähneln. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, die Drüse formal zu beschreiben und ihre Funktion zu ermitteln. Das erste Kapitel untersuchte die Biologie der Frösche und enthüllte Standorttreue und Revierverhalten, insbesondere bei Männchen. Verletzungen deuteten auf aggressive Interaktionen hin, insbesondere in der Nähe von Brutplätzen. Die Frösche nutzen wassergefüllte Spalten zur Eiablage, was auf komplexe Paarungs- und Lebensrauminteraktionen hindeutet. In Bezug auf die Funktion der Drüse ergaben sich zwei Hypothesen: intraspezifische Kommunikation zur Koordinierung der Eiablage oder interspezifische Kommunikation zum Anlocken von Beutetieren. Im zweiten Kapitel wurde die Ernährung untersucht, und belegte ein generalistisches Fressverhalten, was die Hypothese der intraspezifischen Kommunikation widerlegte. Das dritte Kapitel konzentrierte sich auf das akustische Repertoire und zeigte einen artspezifischen Werberuf bei den Männchen und unerwartete Quäken bei den Weibchen. Entgegen den Annahmen war die akustische Kommunikation bei Säbelzahnfröschen ausgeprägt und nicht eingeschränkt. Im vierten Kapitel wurden die Anatomie und die chemische Zusammensetzung der Drüse untersucht. Die Drüse, ist bereist bei Jungtieren vorhanden und bei variiert bei erwachsenen Tieren. Chemisch weist sie eine artspezifische Zusammensetzung auf, die je nach Geschlecht und Fortpflanzungszustand variiert. Zusammenfassend ist Wahrscheinlich, dass Säbelzahnfrösche multimodal kommunizieren und akustische und chemische Signale kombinieren, um Paarung und Eiablage zu koordinieren. Diese einzigartige Drüse und ihr Sekret deuten darauf hin, dass chemische Kommunikation bei Fröschen weiter verbreitet ist als bisher angenommen. / Saber-toothed Frogs (Anura: Odontobatrachidae) are a group of five torrent specialists endemic to West Africa. Recent descriptions revealed unique features such as large fangs and a gland in the lower jaw containing volatile hydrocarbons resembling insect pheromones. This dissertation aimed to formalize the description of the gland and ascertain its function. The first chapter delved into to frogs’ biology, unveiling site loyalty, and territorial behaviors, especially in males. Injuries suggested aggressive interactions, particularly around breeding habitats. The frogs use water-filled crevices for egg deposition, hinting at complex mating and habitat interactions. Two main hypotheses emerged regarding gland function: intraspecific communication for coordination during oviposition and fertilization, or interspecific communication to attract prey. The second chapter explored the diet to support the latter hypothesis. Findings showed a generalist diet and significant amounts of leaflets from a specific tree, indicating an unprecedented plant uptake. This refuted the idea of attracting specific prey and supported intraspecific communication. The third chapter focused on the acoustic repertoire, revealing a species-specific advertisement call in males and unexpected squeaking calls in females. Contrary to assumptions, acoustic communication in Saber-toothed frogs was pronounced and not restricted. The fourth chapter examined the gland's anatomy and chemical composition. The gland, present in juveniles and varying in adults, exhibited species-specific compositions varying with sex and reproductive state. In conclusion, Saber-toothed Frogs most likely employ multimodal communication, combining acoustic and chemical signals to coordinate mating and oviposition. The unique gland and its secretion hint at a more widespread use of chemical communication in frogs than previously recognized.

Peninsula ribbon snakes, Thamnophis sauritus sackenii, were collected for 14 months. Of 90 individuals collected and examined, 42 were females, 29 were males, and 19 were neonates. Females had a larger body length than did males. The smallest, sexually mature female had a snout-vent length of 428 mm. Mating occurred from March through May. Parturition occurred from June through October. Vitellogenesis began in spring and ovulation occurred between April and May. Spermatogenic activity occurred from August through December and testes were regressed during other months.

The dissertation thesis deals with human aesthetic preference to other species and its anthropological and conservation aspect. The aesthetic preference to animal species has rarely been systematically studied before and quantitative analyses, especially on a fine taxonomic scale did not exist. On the other hand, it was known that attractive species often receive more support for their conservation. From these simple facts rose the idea to test human aesthetic preference to snake species (and consequently to species across major vertebrate taxa) and use this quantified preference to explain the conservation effort devoted to captive breeding worldwide (measured as size of zoo populations). We confirmed that the perceived attractiveness (preference and/or species' body size) succesfully predicts the size of zoo populations across mammal, bird and reptile taxa. On contrary, we found no effect of the IUCN listing of the species. To find out whether we work with Czech students' preference only or we may generalize to other populations, we carried out the same experiment to determine human preference to boas and pythons in eight cultures of five continents. Despite profound differences of the studied ethnics, we revealed a considerable agreement. Moreover, we found an agreement between pre-school...

No Brasil, 90% dos 26 mil acidentes ofídicos são ocasionados pelo gênero Bothrops, sendo a espécie Bothrops atrox a predominante na região amazônica brasileira. A região de Santarém (PA) está relacionada com 92% dos acidentes ofídicos, dos quais 20% foram considerados graves. Essa alta incidência pode estar relacionada à diversidade dos cenários florísticos da região, possibilitando a existência de uma amplitude deste gênero. Através do uso da metodologia dos isótopos estáveis do carbono (13C) e do nitrogênio (15N), verificou-se se as variações dos hábitos e fontes alimentares existentes nos diferentes ambientes e usos de solo na Amazônia, neste caso, ambientes de floresta, savana e pastagem, influenciaram na composição isotópica dos tecidos coletados das B. atrox encontradas nestes ambientes. Para a captura das B. atrox e de suas presas em potencial, utilizou-se três métodos de coleta, como encontro ocasional, busca ativa e armadilhas de interceptação e queda (Pit fall traps). Após as capturas, essas serpentes foram mantidas no biotério da FIT e retiradas amostras de tecidos periodicamente. Os tecidos das B. atrox e suas fontes alimentares foram analisados isotopicamente por espectrometria de massas para ?13C e ?15N. As diferentes fontes alimentares das B. atrox, foram isotopicamente distintas nos três ambientes, assim como a incorporação em seus tecidos analisados. Para as B. atrox mantidas no biotério, assim como o alimento de biotério oferecido, obteve-se o turnover de alguns tecidos independentemente do ambiente em que foram coletadas inicialmente. Após algum tempo no biotério, esses animais passaram a ter o sinal isotópico da nova alimentação oferecida, sendo que em alguns tecidos, essa troca refletia rapidamente e em outros tecidos mais lentamente. Este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento da ecologia da serpente e seu uso dos ambientes, ainda pouco relatados e para o entendimento de turnover em tecidos animais / In Brazil, 90% of 26,000 snakebites are caused by the genus Bothrops, and the Bothrops atrox the predominant species in the Brazilian Amazon. The region of Santarém (PA) is related to 92% of snake bites, of which 20% were considered severe. This high incidence may be related to floristic diversity of scenarios in the region, enabling the existence of an amplitude of this genus. By using the methodology of carbon stable isotope (13 C) and nitrogen (15N), it was found that the changes in eating habits and sources existing in different environments and land use in the Amazon, in this case, forest environments, savannah and pasture, influenced the isotopic composition of the collected tissues of B. atrox found in these environments. To catch the B. atrox and its potential prey, we used three methods of collection, as chance meeting, active surveillance and interception traps and falling (Pit fall traps). After capture, these snakes were kept in the vivarium of the FIT and tissue samples taken periodically. The tissues of B. atrox and their food sources were analyzed isotopically by mass spectrometry for ?13C and ?15N. The different food sources of B. atrox were isotopically different in the three environments as well as its incorporation into tissues analyzed. For B. atrox kept in a vivarium, as well as the vivarium food offered was obtained turnover of some tissues regardless of the environment in which they were originally collected. After some time in the vivarium, these animals now have the isotopic signal of the new offered food, and in some tissues, this change reflected quickly and others more slowly tissues. This study contributed to the knowledge of the ecology of the snake and its use environments, poorly reported and for understanding turnover in animal tissues

No Brasil, 90% dos 26 mil acidentes ofídicos são ocasionados pelo gênero Bothrops, sendo a espécie Bothrops atrox a predominante na região amazônica brasileira. A região de Santarém (PA) está relacionada com 92% dos acidentes ofídicos, dos quais 20% foram considerados graves. Essa alta incidência pode estar relacionada à diversidade dos cenários florísticos da região, possibilitando a existência de uma amplitude deste gênero. Através do uso da metodologia dos isótopos estáveis do carbono (13C) e do nitrogênio (15N), verificou-se se as variações dos hábitos e fontes alimentares existentes nos diferentes ambientes e usos de solo na Amazônia, neste caso, ambientes de floresta, savana e pastagem, influenciaram na composição isotópica dos tecidos coletados das B. atrox encontradas nestes ambientes. Para a captura das B. atrox e de suas presas em potencial, utilizou-se três métodos de coleta, como encontro ocasional, busca ativa e armadilhas de interceptação e queda (Pit fall traps). Após as capturas, essas serpentes foram mantidas no biotério da FIT e retiradas amostras de tecidos periodicamente. Os tecidos das B. atrox e suas fontes alimentares foram analisados isotopicamente por espectrometria de massas para ?13C e ?15N. As diferentes fontes alimentares das B. atrox, foram isotopicamente distintas nos três ambientes, assim como a incorporação em seus tecidos analisados. Para as B. atrox mantidas no biotério, assim como o alimento de biotério oferecido, obteve-se o turnover de alguns tecidos independentemente do ambiente em que foram coletadas inicialmente. Após algum tempo no biotério, esses animais passaram a ter o sinal isotópico da nova alimentação oferecida, sendo que em alguns tecidos, essa troca refletia rapidamente e em outros tecidos mais lentamente. Este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento da ecologia da serpente e seu uso dos ambientes, ainda pouco relatados e para o entendimento de turnover em tecidos animais / In Brazil, 90% of 26,000 snakebites are caused by the genus Bothrops, and the Bothrops atrox the predominant species in the Brazilian Amazon. The region of Santarém (PA) is related to 92% of snake bites, of which 20% were considered severe. This high incidence may be related to floristic diversity of scenarios in the region, enabling the existence of an amplitude of this genus. By using the methodology of carbon stable isotope (13 C) and nitrogen (15N), it was found that the changes in eating habits and sources existing in different environments and land use in the Amazon, in this case, forest environments, savannah and pasture, influenced the isotopic composition of the collected tissues of B. atrox found in these environments. To catch the B. atrox and its potential prey, we used three methods of collection, as chance meeting, active surveillance and interception traps and falling (Pit fall traps). After capture, these snakes were kept in the vivarium of the FIT and tissue samples taken periodically. The tissues of B. atrox and their food sources were analyzed isotopically by mass spectrometry for ?13C and ?15N. The different food sources of B. atrox were isotopically different in the three environments as well as its incorporation into tissues analyzed. For B. atrox kept in a vivarium, as well as the vivarium food offered was obtained turnover of some tissues regardless of the environment in which they were originally collected. After some time in the vivarium, these animals now have the isotopic signal of the new offered food, and in some tissues, this change reflected quickly and others more slowly tissues. This study contributed to the knowledge of the ecology of the snake and its use environments, poorly reported and for understanding turnover in animal tissues

Bothrops bilineatus é uma das seis espécies presentes no grupo taeniatus, é reconhecida atualmente por duas sub-espécies: B. b. smaragdinus que se distribui pelo oeste Amazônico e B. b. bilineatus com distribuição disjunta pela Amazônia e Mata Atlântica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo testar a validade das duas sub-espécies com base em ferramentas moleculares, morfométricas, merísticas, hemipenianas e osteológicas, reconhecendo e delimitando as linhagens encontradas. Pretende-se ainda investigar as relações filogeográficas entre as populações ao longo da sua distribuição, analisando o tempo de divergência e os possíveis eventos associados a sua diversificação. Além disso, pretende-se comparar a variação molecular e hemipeniana de B. bilineatus com B. taeniatus (espécie filogeneticamente próxima) e as existentes nos outros grupos de espécies do gênero. Os resultados mostram que a variação genética e hemipeniana encontram se em diferentes níveis ao longo dos grupos de espécies em Bothrops, fornecendo informação relevante a nível intra e inter-específico. Foram recuperados seis clados estruturados para Bothrops bilineatus, representando quatro linhagens independentes e diagnosticáveis com base conjunta nos caracteres morfológicos, hemipenianos, osteológicos e moleculares: linhagem 1 - Amazônia central, basal as outras, linhagem 2 - Mata Atlântica+Escudo das Guianas externa às linhagens 3 e 4 Amazônia oeste parte sul e norte, respectivamente. Já para B. taeniatus quatro clados representando três linhagens foram recuperadas com bases nos caracteres moleculares e hemipenianos, porém se faz necessário buscar por mais caracteres morfológicos e osteológicos para melhor delimitar e diagnosticar as linhagens. As mudanças paleoclimáticas e geomorfológicas ocorridas na transição Terciário/Quaternário parecem ser os principais eventos a influenciar na diversificação das linhagens encontradas em Bothrops bilineatus e B. taeniatus / Bothrops bilineatus is one of six species in the taeniatus group, is now recognized by two subspecies: B. b. smaragdinus that distributes through western Amazon and B. b. bilineatus with disjunct distribution through Amazon and Atlantic Forest. This work aims to test the validity of these two sub-species, based on molecular, morphometric tools, meristic, osteological and hemipenial data, recognizing and delimiting lineages found. We also intend to investigate the phylogeographic relationships among populations throughout its distribution, analyzing the divergence time and possible events associated with it diversification. In addition, we intend to compare the molecular and hemipenial variation presented in B. bilineatus with B. taeniatus (phylogenetically close species) and those in the other groups of the genus. The genetic and hemipenial results show different levels of variation along the groups of Bothrops species, providing significant intra-and inter-specific information. Six clades structured to Bothrops bilineatus were recovered, representing four independent lineages diagnosable with joint based on morphology, hemipenial, osteological and molecular characters: lineage 1 - central Amazon, basal the others, lineage 2 - Atlantic Forest + Guayana Shield region recovered outside the sisters lineages 3 and 4 - western Amazon, southern part and western Amazon, northern part, respectively. As for B. taeniatus four clades representing three lineages were recovered with bases in molecular and hemipenial characters, however it is necessary to search for more morphological and osteological characters to better delimit and diagnose the lineages. Paleoclimatic and geomorphic changes in the transition Tertiary/Quaternary, probably are the major events influencing the diversification of lineages found in Bothrops bilineatus and B. taeniatus

Bothrops bilineatus é uma das seis espécies presentes no grupo taeniatus, é reconhecida atualmente por duas sub-espécies: B. b. smaragdinus que se distribui pelo oeste Amazônico e B. b. bilineatus com distribuição disjunta pela Amazônia e Mata Atlântica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo testar a validade das duas sub-espécies com base em ferramentas moleculares, morfométricas, merísticas, hemipenianas e osteológicas, reconhecendo e delimitando as linhagens encontradas. Pretende-se ainda investigar as relações filogeográficas entre as populações ao longo da sua distribuição, analisando o tempo de divergência e os possíveis eventos associados a sua diversificação. Além disso, pretende-se comparar a variação molecular e hemipeniana de B. bilineatus com B. taeniatus (espécie filogeneticamente próxima) e as existentes nos outros grupos de espécies do gênero. Os resultados mostram que a variação genética e hemipeniana encontram se em diferentes níveis ao longo dos grupos de espécies em Bothrops, fornecendo informação relevante a nível intra e inter-específico. Foram recuperados seis clados estruturados para Bothrops bilineatus, representando quatro linhagens independentes e diagnosticáveis com base conjunta nos caracteres morfológicos, hemipenianos, osteológicos e moleculares: linhagem 1 - Amazônia central, basal as outras, linhagem 2 - Mata Atlântica+Escudo das Guianas externa às linhagens 3 e 4 Amazônia oeste parte sul e norte, respectivamente. Já para B. taeniatus quatro clados representando três linhagens foram recuperadas com bases nos caracteres moleculares e hemipenianos, porém se faz necessário buscar por mais caracteres morfológicos e osteológicos para melhor delimitar e diagnosticar as linhagens. As mudanças paleoclimáticas e geomorfológicas ocorridas na transição Terciário/Quaternário parecem ser os principais eventos a influenciar na diversificação das linhagens encontradas em Bothrops bilineatus e B. taeniatus / Bothrops bilineatus is one of six species in the taeniatus group, is now recognized by two subspecies: B. b. smaragdinus that distributes through western Amazon and B. b. bilineatus with disjunct distribution through Amazon and Atlantic Forest. This work aims to test the validity of these two sub-species, based on molecular, morphometric tools, meristic, osteological and hemipenial data, recognizing and delimiting lineages found. We also intend to investigate the phylogeographic relationships among populations throughout its distribution, analyzing the divergence time and possible events associated with it diversification. In addition, we intend to compare the molecular and hemipenial variation presented in B. bilineatus with B. taeniatus (phylogenetically close species) and those in the other groups of the genus. The genetic and hemipenial results show different levels of variation along the groups of Bothrops species, providing significant intra-and inter-specific information. Six clades structured to Bothrops bilineatus were recovered, representing four independent lineages diagnosable with joint based on morphology, hemipenial, osteological and molecular characters: lineage 1 - central Amazon, basal the others, lineage 2 - Atlantic Forest + Guayana Shield region recovered outside the sisters lineages 3 and 4 - western Amazon, southern part and western Amazon, northern part, respectively. As for B. taeniatus four clades representing three lineages were recovered with bases in molecular and hemipenial characters, however it is necessary to search for more morphological and osteological characters to better delimit and diagnose the lineages. Paleoclimatic and geomorphic changes in the transition Tertiary/Quaternary, probably are the major events influencing the diversification of lineages found in Bothrops bilineatus and B. taeniatus