Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo método de medição de descargas parciais, através de transformadores de corrente de alta frequência, instalados no condutor de aterramento dos equipamentos do sistema elétrico de potência e acoplados a um osciloscópio. Esse novo método de medição tem como grande ganho o fato dos equipamentos não precisarem ser retirados de operação para realização de medição. Pelo fato das transmissoras serem remuneradas pela disponibilidade das funções transmissão, o diagnóstico dos equipamentos em serviço faz com que os custos sejam reduzidos. Foi realizado um levantamento teórico onde foi definida a curva característica esperada como resposta do transformador de corrente a um sinal impulsivo. Foram levantadas curvas características, em laboratório, através de oscilogramas no domínio do tempo, das assinaturas de descargas parciais em equipamentos com isolação a óleo e a gás SF6, de modo a validar o sinal esperado na fundamentação teórica. Essas assinaturas foram utilizadas em medições em campo, que comprovaram a viabilidade da fundamentação teórica e das assinaturas obtidas em laboratório. Adicionalmente foram levantados fatores que podem influenciar nas medições e mostrados sinais que possuam características diferentes daquelas das descargas parciais, de modo a diferencia-los. / This work presents a new method of measuring partial discharges, through high frequency current transformers, installed in the equipment grounding conductor of the electrical power system and coupled to an oscilloscope. This new measurement method has as great gain, the fact that the equipment doesnt need to be removed from service to perform measurement. Because of the transmission being remunerated by the availability of the transmission functions, diagnosis of equipment in service makes the costs been reduced. A theoretical survey where the characteristic curve expected response from the current transformer to an impulsive signal was set has been done. Characteristic curves were raised in the laboratory through oscillograms in the time domain, of signatures of partial discharges in equipment with SF6 gas and oil isolation, in order to validate expected signal discharges in the theoretical foundation. These signatures were used in field measurements, which proved the feasibility of the theoretical foundation and signatures obtained in the laboratory. Further factors were raised that may influence the measurements and shown signs that have different characteristics from those of partial discharges in order to differentiate them.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo método de medição de descargas parciais, através de transformadores de corrente de alta frequência, instalados no condutor de aterramento dos equipamentos do sistema elétrico de potência e acoplados a um osciloscópio. Esse novo método de medição tem como grande ganho o fato dos equipamentos não precisarem ser retirados de operação para realização de medição. Pelo fato das transmissoras serem remuneradas pela disponibilidade das funções transmissão, o diagnóstico dos equipamentos em serviço faz com que os custos sejam reduzidos. Foi realizado um levantamento teórico onde foi definida a curva característica esperada como resposta do transformador de corrente a um sinal impulsivo. Foram levantadas curvas características, em laboratório, através de oscilogramas no domínio do tempo, das assinaturas de descargas parciais em equipamentos com isolação a óleo e a gás SF6, de modo a validar o sinal esperado na fundamentação teórica. Essas assinaturas foram utilizadas em medições em campo, que comprovaram a viabilidade da fundamentação teórica e das assinaturas obtidas em laboratório. Adicionalmente foram levantados fatores que podem influenciar nas medições e mostrados sinais que possuam características diferentes daquelas das descargas parciais, de modo a diferencia-los. / This work presents a new method of measuring partial discharges, through high frequency current transformers, installed in the equipment grounding conductor of the electrical power system and coupled to an oscilloscope. This new measurement method has as great gain, the fact that the equipment doesnt need to be removed from service to perform measurement. Because of the transmission being remunerated by the availability of the transmission functions, diagnosis of equipment in service makes the costs been reduced. A theoretical survey where the characteristic curve expected response from the current transformer to an impulsive signal was set has been done. Characteristic curves were raised in the laboratory through oscillograms in the time domain, of signatures of partial discharges in equipment with SF6 gas and oil isolation, in order to validate expected signal discharges in the theoretical foundation. These signatures were used in field measurements, which proved the feasibility of the theoretical foundation and signatures obtained in the laboratory. Further factors were raised that may influence the measurements and shown signs that have different characteristics from those of partial discharges in order to differentiate them.

The transmission of electric power over long distances has historically posed challenges. However, the advent of high-voltage engineering has not only addressed distance barriers and power losses in electricity transmission and distribution, but it has also significantly improved the efficiency and transmission capacity of power grids. However, the use of high-voltage techniques has presented new challenges in identifying suitable insulator materials capable of withstanding high electrical stresses associated with elevated voltages. A significant issue arising from these extreme electrical stresses is the occurrence of partial discharges (PDs). Those are electrical sparks or pulses in the magnitude order of pico- or nano-coulombs (pC or nC) emitted from high voltage conductors due to the presence of impurities, contaminants or defects in their insulation system. PDs pose a serious threat to the insulation material due to their aggressive nature in breaking down weak points or links inside the insulation system leading to short-circuit and system failure. Means of offline or conventional testing of power assets against partial discharges has proven to be extremely precise but it is often an unavailable option since it requires a total power shutdown. In this paper, the performance of existing online PD detection techniques is tested and evaluated in terms of performance against conventional PD monitoring methods. Five non-intrusive detectors including an infrared camera (IR-camera), an ultrasonic sensor , a temperature and relative humidity sensor (TRH-sensor), high-frequency current transformer (HFCT sensor) and transient earth voltage antenna (TEV-antenna) were tested in a laboratory experiment for detection of PDs emitted by artificially-created defects inside a medium-voltage cable termination. The results showed varying sensitivity levels among the sensors, with the HFCT sensor demonstrating the highest sensitivity to all types and magnitudes of PDs. The IR-camera and ultrasonic sensor also showed potential, while the TRH-sensor exhibited poor sensitivity. The TEV-antenna had limited reliability. The findings of this study are that the HFCT system proved to be highly reliable for online PD monitoring, followed by the IR-camera and ultrasonic sensor, while the TEV-antenna and TRH-sensor showed lower reliability. In future work, further research on testing the HFCT system on-site can be conducted along with performing longer thermographic detection tests using the IR-camera to further investigate their potential in online PD detection. / Överföring av elektrisk kraft över långa avstånd har historiskt sett varit utmanande. Införandet av högspänningsteknik har inte bara övervunnit avståndsbarriärer och effektförluster vid överföring och distribution av elkraft, utan det har också avsevärt förbättrat kraftnätens effektivitet och överföringskapacitet. Användningen av högspänningsteknik har dock också inneburit nya utmaningar såsom utveckling av lämpliga isoleringsmaterial som tål höga elektriska påfrestningar vid höga spänningar. Ett betydande problem som härrör från dessa extrema elektriska spänningar är förekomsten av partiella urladdningar. Dessa urladdningar identifieras vara elektriska gnistor eller pulser i storleksordningen pico- eller nanocoulombs (pC eller nC) som emitteras från högspänningsledare på grund av närvaron av föroreningar eller defekter i närliggande isoleringssystem. PD:er utgör ett allvarligt hot mot isoleringsmaterialet på grund av deras aggressiva natur för att bryta ner svaga punkter eller länkar i isoleringssystemet, vilket kan leda till kortslutningar och systemfel. Konventionella metoder för att testa nätkomponenter mot partiella urladdningar har visat sig vara extremt noggranna, men detta är ofta inte ett tillgängligt alternativ eftersom det kräver ett totalt strömavbrott för att utföras. I denna studie testades och utvärderades prestandan hos befintliga metoder för online-detektering av partiell urladdning i förhållande till konventionella övervakningsmetoder. Fem icke-invasiva detektorer, inklusive en infraröd kamera, en ultraljudssensor, en temperatur- och relativ fuktighetssensor, en högfrekvent strömtransformator och en transient jordspänningsantenn, testades i ett laboratorieexperiment för att upptäcka partiella urladdningar orsakade av artificiellt skapade defekter i en mellanspänningskabelavslutning. Resultaten visade varierande känslighetsnivåer bland sensorerna, där högfrekventa strömtransformatorn visade den högsta känsligheten för alla typer och storlekar av partiella urladdningar. Den infraröda kameran och ultraljudssensorn visade också potential, medan temperatur- och relativ fuktighetssensorn visade låg känslighet. Den transienta jordspänningsantennen hade begränsad tillförlitlighet. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att den högfrekventa strömtransformatorn visade sig vara mycket tillförlitlig för online-övervakning av partiella urladdningar, följt av den infraröda kameran och ultraljudssensorn, medan den transienta jordspänningsantennen, temperatur- och fuktighetssensorn visade lägre tillförlitlighet. I framtida forskning kan ytterligare undersökningar av det högfrekventa strömtransformatorsystemet utföras på plats, tillsammans med längre termografiska detekteringstester med hjälp av den infraröda kameran för att ytterligare undersöka deras potential för onlinedetektering av partiella urladdningar.