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The comparison of high-resolution diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with high-resolution contrast-enhanced MRI in the evaluation of breast cancers / 乳癌における高分解能拡散強調画像と高分解能造影MR画像の比較検討Ohno, Ayami 23 September 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22735号 / 医博第4653号 / 新制||医||1046(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 伊達 洋至, 教授 万代 昌紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Interakce hyaluronanu s tenzidem CAE / Interaction of hyaluronan with surfactant CAETrtek, Jan January 2018 (has links)
The diploma thesis is focused on the study of interactions between hyaluronan of various molecular weights with CAE surfactant. This surfactant does not have the exact composition and there is not known their molecular weight. One of the main parameters needed to describe the interactions between surfactant and hyaluronan, there is the determination of critical micellar concentration. The value of critical micellar concentration of CAE is not known yet. All measurements were made for solutions in aqueous solution and 0.15 M NaCl. The determination of the molecular weight of this surfactant was performed by the technique SEC-MALS-dRI. High resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy was chosen to determine the critical micellar concentration and tensiometry was chosen as a complementary method. The interactions of CAE surfactant with polysaccharide of hyaluronan were showed by high resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy and densitometry. Compressibility was calculated from ultrasonic velocity and density.
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Hydratace hyaluronové kyseliny / The hydration of hyaluronic acidPrůšová, Alena January 2008 (has links)
Hydratace patří mezi nejdůležitější faktory ovlivňující sekundární strukturu a tím i funkci molekul v živých systémech. Díky vysoké afinitě tvoří molekuly vody specifické struktury jejichž složení a fyzikální vlastnosti jsou ovlivněny přítomností studované látky. Hyaluronan patří mezi biomolekuly s obrovskou schopností vázat a zadržovat vodu. Cílem této práce bylo prozkoumat hydratační vlastnosti hyaluronanu o různé molekulové hmotnosti a vyčíslit množství molekul vody v jednotlivých hydratačních vrstvách. V první části práce byla využita metoda diferenční kompenzační kalorimetrie. V druhé části diplomové práce, na základě rozdílné kompresibility, byla vázaná voda studována metodou vysoko rozlišovací ultrazvukové spektroskopie.
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Extrakce krajinných prvků z dat dálkového průzkumu / Extraction of Landscape Elements from Remote Sensing DataFerencz, Jakub January 2013 (has links)
This master thesis deals with a classification technique for an automatic detection of different land cover types from combination of high resolution imagery and LiDAR data sets. The main aim is to introduce additional post-processing method to commonly accessible quality data sets which can replace traditional mapping techniques for certain type of applications. Classification is the process of dividing the image into land cover categories which helps with continuous and up-to-date monitoring management. Nowadays, with all the technologies and software available, it is possible to replace traditional monitoring methods with more automated processes to generate accurate and cost-effective results. This project uses object-oriented image analysis (OBIA) to classify available data sets into five main land cover classes. The automate classification rule set providing overall accuracy of 88% of correctly classified land cover types was developed and evaluated in this research. Further, the transferability of developed approach was tested upon the same type of data sets within different study area with similar success – overall accuracy was 87%. Also the limitations found during the investigation procedure are discussed and brief further approach in this field is outlined.
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Exploitation du rayonnement synchrotron pour l’étude à haute résolution dans l’infrarouge lointain d’hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et de petites molécules protonées. / Synchrotron-based high resolution spectroscopic study of protonated species and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the far-infrared.Gruet, Sébastien 22 October 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse a été réalisée avec l'Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay sur la ligne AILES du centre de rayonnement synchrotron SOLEIL. L'objet de cette thèse est la spectroscopie à haute résolution dans l'infrarouge lointain de molécules possédant un intérêt pour l'astrophysique. Deux groupes de molécules distincts ont été abordés : des molécules hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) et des petites molécules protonées. Les spectres de rotation-vibration de ces différentes molécules ont été enregistrés avec un spectromètre infrarouge à transformée de Fourier qui utilise le rayonnement synchrotron extrait par la ligne AILES comme source de continuum infrarouge.Concernant les molécules d'HAPs, les bandes infrarouge lointain (IRL) de la quinoxaline, la quinazoline, le [1,5]-naphthyridine, le [1,6]-naphthyridine et l'indole ont été obtenus à température ambiante dans une cellule à long parcours optique. Nous avons analysé les structures rotationnelles extrêmement denses des bandes IRL les plus intenses par la technique des combinaisons de différence car chaque mode possède une densité spectrale particulièrement importante. Des calculs DFT anharmoniques ont également été effectués afin de guider nos analyses. Les résultats préliminaires obtenus avec le dispositif Jet-AILES mis en place sur la ligne AILES concernant les molécules de fluorène et de phénanthrène, qui sont des molécules d'HAPs avec trois cycles aromatiques, sont également présentés.Pour les molécules protonées, les spectres ont été obtenus dans une cellule à décharge de type « cathode creuse ». Cette cathode pouvant être refroidi à l'azote liquide a été développé au cours de cette thèse. Les spectres de rotation-vibration de six molécules (H3+, N2H+, HCO+, ArH+, KrH+ et XeH+) ont été enregistrés dans l'infrarouge moyen (1400-4000 cm-1) ainsi que le spectre de rotation pure dans l'infrarouge lointain de quatre d'entre-elles (N2H+, ArH+, KrH+, XeH+). L'analyse des spectres des molécules de KrH+ et de XeH+, possédant de nombreuses transitions appartenant à plusieurs espèces isotopiques présentes en abondance naturelle, a été réalisée en utilisant un Hamiltonien de type Dunham pour traiter simultanément l'ensemble des isotopes. Des résultats préliminaires prometteurs en termes de sélectivité et de de sensibilité sont également présentés, avec la mise en place d'un système de détection synchrone associé à une modulation de la concentration des espèces réactives produites dans la cellule à décharge.Les résultats présentés dans ce manuscrit pourront aider à la détection et à la quantification d'espèces présentes dans le milieu interstellaire par comparaisons avec des données d'observation astronomique. / This thesis was conducted with the “Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay” on the AILES beamline at the synchrotron facility SOLEIL. The subject of this thesis deals with the high-resolution spectroscopy of molecules in the far infrared which have an astrophysical interest. Two different groups of molecules were investigated: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and light protonated molecules. The rotation-vibration spectra of these molecules have been recorded with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer using the synchrotron radiation extracted by the AILES beamline as an infrared continuum source.Concerning PAH molecules, the spectra of quinoxaline, quinazoline, [1,5]-naphthyridine, [1,6]-naphthyridine and indole were obtained at room temperature with a long optical path cell. The rotationally resolved vibrational bands were analyzed by the ground state combination differences technique because each mode has a particularly large spectral density. Anharmonic DFT calculations were also performed to support our analysis. Preliminary results obtained with the supersonic jet experiment available on the AILES beamline (Jet-AILES) on the fluorene and phenanthrene molecules with three aromatic rings.For the protonated molecules, the spectra were recorded using a discharge cell in a "hollow cathode" configuration. The cathode which can be cooled down to liquid nitrogen temperature has been developed during this thesis. The spectra of rotation-vibration of six cations (H3+, N2H+, HCO+, ArH+, KrH+ and XeH+) were recorded in the mid-infrared (1400 to 4000 cm-1) and the pure rotational spectrum in the far infrared for four of them (N2H+, ArH+, KrH+, XeH+). The KrH+ and XeH+ spectra which contained many transitions belonging to several isotopologues in natural abundance have been analyzed with a Dunham Hamiltonian to treat all isotopologues. Promising preliminary results in terms of selectivity and sensitivity are also presented concerning the establishment of a phase sensitive detection system associated with a concentration modulation of the reactive species produced in the discharge cell.The results reported in this manuscript could be used to allow the detection and the quantification of species present in the interstellar medium by comparison with astronomical observation data.
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Développement de réseaux d’antennes supraconductrices pour l’imagerie par résonance magnétique haute résolution à champ intermédiaire à champ intermédiaire / Development of superconducting coil array for the high resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging at intermediate field strengthLi, Zhoujian 11 March 2016 (has links)
En microscopie IRM, la sensibilité de détection est critique pour obtenir des images avec un rapport signal sur bruit suffisant car l’intensité du signal RMN devient extrêmement faible. Une stratégie alternative à l’utilisation de champs statiques élevés consiste à améliorer les performances des antennes radiofréquences qui détectent le signal d’IRM. Plus particulièrement, la stratégie dans laquelle s’inscrit ce travail de thèse vise à exploiter la haute sensibilité des antennes miniatures supraconductrices basées sur le principe des résonateurs monolithiques à ligne de transmission avec comme objectif à terme la mise en réseau de ce type d’antennes. Le développement d’un tel réseau représente un enjeu instrumental majeur car cela permet de profiter de la haute sensibilité intrinsèque des antennes miniatures supraconductrices tout en autorisant l’observation de zones étendues ou en profondeur. Cependant, les caractéristiques géométriques de ces antennes et la nature des matériaux utilisés posent des difficultés importantes pour réaliser les opérations d’accord, d’adaptation, ou découplage mutuel lors de leur utilisation en IRM. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons conduit des travaux abordant ces différentes problématiques et permettant la mise œuvre d’un réseau supraconducteur pour l’imagerie haute résolution à champ clinique.Nous avons développé en premier lieu un système permettant de réaliser automatiquement et sans contact l’accord et l’adaptation des antennes miniatures monolithiques. Ce système utilise des techniques, basées sur le couplage électrique et magnétique, que nous avons préalablement étudiées en utilisant différentes méthodes. Les performances de ce système ont été étudiées et la faisabilité de sa mise en œuvre dans une expérience d’IRM a été établie.Nous avons abordé en second lieu le problème de découplage mutuel des éléments constituant un réseau. Pour cela, des techniques de découplage potentiellement compatibles avec les antennes miniatures supraconductrices ont été étudiées. En particulier, la technique de découplage par anneau de blindage a été investie en profondeur, par simulation numérique et expérimentalement, et nous avons développé un modèle analytique d’optimisation du niveau de découplage accessible par cette technique. Nous avons mis en œuvre et validé cette technique avec des réseaux en cuivre de quatre antennes et des premiers essais ont été conduits avec un réseau constitué de deux antennes miniatures supraconductrices. / In MRI microscopy, the sensitivity of the detection is a critical issue for acquiring images with high signal to noise ratio because the amount of NMR signal is extremely low. An alternative to the use of high field strength is to improve the performances of the radiofrequency coil that detect the NRM signal. In particular, the strategy underlying the present work aims at exploiting the high sensitivity of miniature superconducting coils based on the monolithic design of transmission line resonators, with the long term objective of implementing an array of these coils. The development of such array represents an important instrumental stake since it allows for benefiting from the intrinsically high sensitivity of miniature superconducting coils while allowing the observation of extended region of interest. However, the highly compact structure, the small size of the coil and the nature of the material used make rise important difficulties for achieving the tuning, matching and mutual decoupling when using these coils in MRI. In the frame of this PhD project, with conducted works to address these problematics and allow for implementing a superconducting array for high resolution imaging at clinical filed strength.We have firstly developed a control system which allows for automatic and contactless tuning and matching of miniature monolithic coils. This system uses techniques based on electric and magnetic coupling, that we beforehand investigated using various methods. The performances of this system were studied and the feasibility of implementing it in an MRI experiment was established.The second part of this work addresses the issue of mutual decoupling between the elements of an array elements. To this end, decoupling techniques being potentially compatible with miniature superconducting coils have been studied. In particular the decoupling technique using shielding rings has been deeply investigated, by numerical simulation and experimentally, and we have developed an analytical model for optimizing the decoupling level achievable with this technic. We have implemented and validated this technic with a four-element copper coil array and first trials were performed with an array of two miniature.superconducting coils.
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High-Resolution Investigation of Event Driven Sedimentation: Response and Evolution of the Deepwater Horizon Blowout in the Sedimentary SystemLarson, Rebekka A. 01 April 2019 (has links)
This Dissertation combines the investigation of the sedimentological impacts of the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) blowout event in the deep-sea benthos, with the refinement and advancement of methods and approaches for high-resolution investigations of events preserved in sedimentary records. An approach that combined, rapid collection of cores, a continued annual time series collection of cores, and high-resolution sampling and analyses, in particular short-lived Radioisotopes (SLRad), enabled the temporal resolution required to detect the sedimentary response to the short-duration DwH event, and evaluate post-event sedimentation patterns at a comparable time scale (months).
The collection of 179 sediment cores from 80 sites between the fall of 2010 and 2016 included four sites that were utilized as an annual time-series collection to define the sedimentary response to the DwH blowout event and how the sedimentary system evolved/recovered post-event. High-resolution (2mm) sub-sampling was utilized to maximize the temporal resolution of analyses and age control using SLRad. The rapid collection of cores to define the immediate benthic impact(s), as well as the use of time-sensitive indicators of the event that may degrade over time, as well as indicators for very short time scale (months) sedimentation, such as 234Thxs. 234Thxs inventories and mass accumulation rates (MAR’s) were one of the most diagnostic characteristics of the sedimentary response. The DwH blowout event led to a Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation (MOSSFA) event that caused a depositional pulse to the seafloor. This was defined by increased sedimentation rates and the shutdown of bioturbation as indicated by 234Thxs inventories and MAR’s. The annual collection of sediment cores as a time-series allowed for continued high-resolution analyses and use of 234Thxs to determine post-event sedimentation rates and baselines on monthly time scales for direct comparison to the depositional pulse. Within ~one year sedimentation rates decreased and within three years site specific return of bioturbation occurred and sedimentation rates on monthly scale (234Thxs) stabilized. Also, within ~three years the sedimentary signature of the depositional pulse became undetectable with respect to sediment texture and composition possibly due to dilution of this indicator by mixing/bioturbation and/or compaction of the event layer.
Without the use of high-resolution sampling and geochronological tools such as 234Thxs the depositional pulse would not have been detected in the sedimentary system. The continued use of these high-resolution methods allowed for further defining the magnitude of the sedimentary response to the DwH event as well as provide baseline sedimentation patterns at a monthly time scale. The annual time series defines the post-event evolution of the sedimentary system as well as the assessment of the post-depositional alterations that influence the integration and preservation of such sedimentation events in the sedimentary record. This includes the potential for re-mobilization of event sediments, potential re-exposure of ecosystems to contaminated sediments and redistribution of event sediments. Alternatively, burial and alteration of the sedimentary signature over time influences the preservation potential of sedimentation events such as DwH, with decreasing ability to detect events due to bioturbation, degradation of signature and compaction.
The refinement of methodology and approaches, in particular short-lived radioisotope (SLRad) geochronology, allowed for the high-resolution determination of the sedimentary impacts of the DwH blowout event. In turn, the opportunity to investigate the DwH event in real time provided the opportunity to advance high-resolution methodologies in an applied fashion. Continued refinement of high-resolution approaches and methods, in particular geochronologies, will allow for the detection of short-duration and subtle sedimentary events in real time as well as in the sedimentary record. Through the application of such approaches and methods to real events, these methods can be further refined and assessed for their utility and limitations.
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Elastische Rückstoßatomspektrometrie leichter Elemente mit Subnanometer-TiefenauflösungKosmata, M. January 2012 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird erstmals das QQDS-Magnetspektrometer für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente am Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf umfassend vorgestellt. Zusätzlich werden sowohl alle auf die Analytik Einfluss nehmenden Parameter untersucht als auch Methoden und Modelle vorgestellt, wie deren Einfluss vermieden oder rechnerisch kompensiert werden kann.
Die Schwerpunkte dieser Arbeit gliedern sich in fünf Bereiche.
Der Erste ist der Aufbau und die Inbetriebnahme des QQDS-Magnetspektrometers, der zugehörige Streukammer mit allen Peripheriegeräten und des eigens für die höchstauflösende elastische Rückstoßanalyse entwickelten Detektors. Sowohl das umgebaute Spektrometer als auch der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gebaute Detektor wurden speziell an experimentelle Bedingungen für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente angepasst und erstmalig auf einen routinemäßigen Einsatz hin getestet. Der Detektor besteht aus zwei Komponenten. Zum einen befindet sich am hinteren Ende des Detektors eine Bragg-Ionisationskammer, die zur Teilchenidentifikation genutzt wird. Zum anderen dient ein Proportionalzähler, der eine Hochwiderstandsanode besitzt und direkt hinter dem Eintrittsfenster montiert ist, zur Teilchenpositionsbestimmung im Detektor.
Die folgenden zwei Schwerpunkte beinhalten grundlegende Untersuchungen zur Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkung. Durch die Verwendung eines Magnetspektrometers ist die Messung der Ladungszustandsverteilung der herausgestreuten Teilchen direkt nach einem binären Stoß sowohl möglich als auch für die Analyse notwendig. Aus diesem Grund werden zum einen die Ladungszustände gemessen und zum anderen mit existierenden Modellen verglichen. Außerdem wird ein eigens entwickeltes Modell vorgestellt und erstmals im Rahmen dieser Arbeit angewendet, welches den ladungszustandsabhängigen Energieverlust bei der Tiefenprofilierung berücksichtigt. Es wird gezeigt, dass ohne die Anwendung dieses Modells die Tiefenprofile nicht mit den quantitativen Messungen mittels konventioneller Ionenstrahlanalytikmethoden und mit der Dickenmessung mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie übereinstimmen, und damit falsche Werte liefern würden. Der zweite für die Thematik wesentliche Aspekt der Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkung, sind die Probenschäden und -modifikationen, die während einer Schwerionenbestrahlung auftreten. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass bei den hier verwendeten Energien sowohl elektronisches Sputtern als auch elektronisch verursachtes Grenzflächendurchmischen eintreten. Das elektronische Sputtern kann durch geeignete Strahlparameter für die meisten Proben ausreichend minimiert werden. Dagegen ist der Einfluss der Grenzflächendurchmischung meist signifikant, so dass dieser analysiert und in der Auswertung berücksichtigt werden muss. Schlussfolgernd aus diesen Untersuchungen ergibt sich für die höchstauflösende Ionenstrahlanalytik leichter Elemente am Rossendorfer 5-MV Tandembeschleuniger, dass die geeignetsten Primärionen Chlor mit einer Energie von 20 MeV sind. In Einzelfällen, wie zum Beispiel der Analyse von Bor, muss die Energie jedoch auf 6,5 MeV reduziert werden, um das elektronische Sputtern bei der notwendigen Fluenz unterhalb der Nachweisgrenze zu halten.
Der vierte Schwerpunkt ist die Untersuchung von sowohl qualitativen als auch quantitativen Einflüssen bestimmter Probeneigenschaften, wie beispielsweise Oberflächenrauheit, auf die Form des gemessenen Energiespektrums beziehungsweise auf das analysierte Tiefenprofil. Die Kenntnis der Rauheit einer Probe an der Oberfläche und an den Grenzflächen ist für die Analytik unabdingbar. Als Resultat der genannten Betrachtungen werden die Einflüsse von Probeneigenschaften und Ionen-Festkörper-Wechselwirkungen auf die Energie- beziehungsweise Tiefenauflösung des Gesamtsystems beschrieben, berechnet und mit der konventionellen Ionenstrahlanalytik verglichen. Die Möglichkeiten der höchstauflösenden Ionenstrahlanalytik werden zudem mit den von anderen Gruppen veröffentlichten Komplementärmethoden gegenübergestellt.
Der fünfte und letzte Schwerpunkt ist die Analytik leichter Elemente in ultradünnen Schichten unter Berücksichtigung aller in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Modelle, wie die Reduzierung des Einflusses von Strahlschäden oder die Quantifizierung der Elemente im dynamischen Ladungszustandsnichtgleichgewicht. Es wird die Tiefenprofilierung von Mehrschichtsystemen, bestehend aus SiO2-Si3N4Ox-SiO2 auf Silizium, von Ultra-Shallow-Junction Bor-Implantationsprofilen und von ultradünnen Oxidschichten, wie zum Beispiel High-k-Materialien, demonstriert.
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PORTABLE HIGH-RESOLUTION AUTOMATED 3D IMAGING FOR FOOTWEAR AND TIRE IMPRESSION CAPTUREYi-Hong Liao (9675617) 16 December 2020 (has links)
Footwear and tire impressions are critical evidence commonly found at a crime scene. However, they are often undervalued because they are hard to be captured and documented. Traditional 2D evidence quality photographs do not adequately provide metric depth information, and physical casts destroy the evidence afterward. Therefore, the forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and lab use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high-quality footwear and tire impressions evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera-pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high-resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high-quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high-end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high-end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being 1) more affordable; 2) much easier to operate, and 3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it 1) is non-destructive; 2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; 3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence, and 4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.<br>
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Screening of plant-mediated nanoparticles for antifungal activityde Beer, Irving January 2020 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Nanotechnology is spreading rapidly across the world as an extremely powerful technology. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are innovative scientific advancements that have been introduced only in this century. Nanotechnology has developed as the scientific advancement to grow and transform the entire agri-food area, with the potential to elevate global food production, in addition to the nutritional value, quality, and safety of food and food products. It has gained recognition due to its variability in shape, size, and dimension and how it correlates to its possibilities. One of those functions is nanoparticles’ (NPs) ability to have antimicrobial activity, more specifically its antifungal activity. One particular pathway of synthesising NPs is through phytonanotechnology which is the use of biomaterial to synthesis the NPs. / 2024
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