User Experience (UX) Writing is part of the product’s overall user experience design. It can be a part of a product content strategy as much as the visual design. The base for any UX centered profession is the understanding of usability — the practice of making products or services easy to use for the intended target group. The difference between the UX designer and UX writer is that the writer contributes with an in-depth understanding that textual content contributes to an overall better user experience along with the product brand. This study includes two UX writing usability evaluation methods for a defined functional service application. By performing the UX writing methods through an online form as well as in an in-person user interview, the validity of transforming an established method into an online tool was investigated. The liabilities of both contexts were evaluated and future developments are suggested. To accomplish this, a literature review was conducted and an online tool was developed. This was used to gather data from 20 users, 10 in the online context and 10 in the in-person context. The datasets were then compared for validation, which in turn served as a foundation for further discussing the possibilities of using an online tool in this situation. The conclusion is multifaceted. The in-person user tests require resources in terms of time for the UX writer, finances in terms of compensation for the users and result in a smaller data set. Digital user tests also require time and resources, but can generate a much larger data set, seeing as it provides a data set of the same quality level as the in-person user tests. Considering the advantages of an online tool, it can provide a valid replacement for in-person user tests, if one considers that the assets outweigh the minor liabilities. However, the potential of a future collaborative dataset and all the further developments suggested in this paper are what is truly worthwhile investigating further. / User Experience (UX) Writing, att anpassa text efter användaren, är en vital del av produktens övergripande användarupplevelse. Det kan vara en del av en produkts innehållsstrategi lika mycket som den visuella designen. Basen för alla användarcentrerade yrken är förståelsen för användbarhet den praxis att göra produkter eller tjänster lättanvända för den avsedda målgruppen. Skillnaden mellan en UX-designer och en UX-skribent är att skribenten bidrar med en djupgående förståelse för att även textinnehåll bidrar till en övergripande förbättrad användarupplevelse, tillsammans med produktens varumärke. Denna studie innehåller två utvärderingsmetoder inom UX writing, för en definierad service-applikation. Genom att utföra metoderna genom en online-formulär samt i en personintervju undersöktes validiteten kring att omvandla en etablerad intervjumetod till ett onlineverktyg. Svagheterna i båda sammanhangen utvärderas och framtida utveckling föreslås. För att uppnå detta genomfördes en litteraturöversikt och ett onlineverktyg utvecklades. Detta användes för att samla in data från 20 användare, 10 i ett onlinesammanhang och 10 i ett intervjusammanhang. Datan jämfördes sedan för validering, vilket i sin tur fungerade som grund för att ytterligare diskutera möjligheterna att använda ett onlineverktyg i denna situation. Slutsatsen är mångfacetterad. De personliga användartesterna kräver resurser i form av tid för UX-skribenten, kostnader vad gäller ersättning för deltagare, och resulterar i ett mindre dataset. Digitala användartester kräver också tid och resurser, men kan generera ett mycket större dataset, eftersom den ger ett dataset av samma kvalitetsnivå. Med tanke på fördelarna med ett onlineverktyg kan det fungera som en giltig ersättning för personliga användartester, om man anser att styrkorna överstiger de mindre svagheterna. Dock är potentialen i en framtida kollaborativt dataset och all ytterligare utveckling som föreslås i denna studie det som är verkligen värt att undersöka ytterligare.

Large-scale voting usability problems have changed the outcomes of several recent elections. The 2006 election in Sarasota County, Florida was one such incident, where the number of votes lost was nearly 50 times greater than the margin of victory for the US Representative race. Multiple hypotheses were proposed to explain this incident, with prevailing theories focused on malicious software, touchscreen miscalibration or poor ballot design, Study I aimed to empirically determine whether Sarasota voters unintentionally skipped the critical US Representative race due to poor ballot design. The Sarasota ballot was replicated initially, then header highlighting and number of races presented on the first screen were manipulated. While the presentation of multiple races had a significant effect on undervotes in the US Representative race, header highlighting did not. Nearly 20% of all voters (27 of 137) skipped the race their first time on that screen, an even greater undervote rate than that originally seen in Sarasota. In conjunction with other research, Study I results strongly suggests that the 2006 Sarasota election was almost certainly a human factors problem. A cognitive model of human voters was developed based on Study I data. Model predictions were then compared with behavioral data from Study 2, in which participants voted on a replica of the Charlotte County, Florida 2006 ballot.

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My Code/World is a personal artistic research of the environment in which I work as a programmer - not a physical environment, but the virtual environment of a computer interface. This research has been taking place since roughly October 2016 and its result is a collection of loosely connected pieces (sketches, experiments), that will be presented as an installation within the studio space of the Studio Graphic Design 2, Faculty of Fine Arts, BUT.

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Computer assisted language learning (CALL) comprises a wide range of information technologies that aim to broaden the context of teaching by getting advantages of IT. For example, a few efforts have been put on including a combination of voice and its visual representation for language learning, and some studies are reporting positive outcomes. However, more research is needed in order to assess the impact caused by specific visualization styles such as: highlighting syllables and/or wave of sound. In order to explore this issue, we focused at measuring the potential impact that two distinct visualization styles and its combination can have on teaching children the pronunciation of English as a second language. We built a prototype which was designed to assist students while learning pronunciation of syllables. This system was employing two different real-time interactive visualization styles. One of these visualization styles utilizes audio capturing and processing, using a recent technology development: Web Audio API.We evaluated the effect of our prototype with an experiment with children aged from 9 to 11years old. We followed an experimental approach with a control group and three experimental groups. We tested our hypothesis that states that the use of a combined visualization style can have greater impact at learning pronunciation in comparison with traditional learning approach.Initial descriptive analyses were suggesting promising results for the group that used the combined visualization prototype. However, additional statistical analyses were carried out in order to measure the effect of prototype as accurately as possible within the constraints of our study. Further analyses provided evidence that our combined visualizations prototype has positively affected the learning of pronunciation. Nonetheless, the difference was not big comparing to the system that employed only wave of sound visualization. Ability to perceive visual information differs among individuals. Therefore, further research with different sample division is needed to determine whether is the combination of visualizations that does the effect, or is the wave in itself. Slitting groups based on this characteristic and perform the testing will be considered for the future research.Eventually, we can be confident to continue exploring further the possibility of integrating our proposed combination of two visualization styles in teaching practices of second language learning, due to positive outcomes that our current research outlined. In addition, from a technological perspective, our work is at the forefront of exploring the use of tools such as Web Audio API for CALL.

Public displays are increasingly used in public transport to present information such as departure and arrival times or network maps. Since this information is displayed generically, users often have problems to find the specific information they need. We propose context-aware visualizations on public displays to support passengers by improving personalized information access. Several visualizations for this domain were identified, for example, highlighting individual route or pricing information by fading out the background or increasing readability by font size adaptation. To investigate the influence of adapted content on the user we tested prototypical presentations that show personalized information concerning personal trips. In our user study with 20 participants we analyzed these visualizations to compare their efficiency in contrast to non-adaptive content by measuring time to perform specific tasks. This work presents the results of our user study. They show that especially highlighted information supports the user in finding personalized information faster.

The databsae of accoustical recordings is a web-based application, which is accessible with an usual web browser. There were used technologies, that are ussually used in web applications. This ensures, that the application is open for using by wide range of users. The application enables uploading WAWE files to the server and allows the user to add various description of the recordings. The application allows also comparing the quality of recordings, which were processed with some method for highlighting the accoustical signal from noise. This function is established by listening tests, which are open for every user, who wants to join the tests.

Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar os limites constitucionais ao emprego de normas tributárias extrafiscais, contribuindo, de maneira original, com o desenvolvimento de métodos que possibilitem que estes instrumentos sejam controlados de modo mais preciso pelo Poder Judiciário. Para a consecução deste objetivo central, trabalhou-se a partir de quatro blocos de investigação. Primeiro, a pesquisa centrou-se em discutir a importância de segregação das normas tributárias entre fiscais e extrafiscais, analisando as diversas propostas de métodos para a separação entre estas. Ao final, a tese sugere que as normas tributárias extrafiscais devem ser identificadas a partir das suas finalidades, conforme venha a ser interpretado pelo aplicador da norma. Superada a questão, passa-se à investigação dos fundamentos constitucionais que legitimam o emprego das normas tributárias extrafiscais, quando se debate em que sentido normativo se pode falar em neutralidade tributária. Em um terceiro módulo de investigação, as normas tributárias extrafiscais são contrapostas às limitações constitucionais ao poder de tributar, ao conflito entre competência regulatória e competência tributária, ao conceito constitucional de tributo, bem como aos limites ínsitos às espécies tributárias previstas pela Constituição Federal. Por fim, apresenta-se um modelo de protocolo decisório que pode ser utilizado para fins de controlabilidade das normas tributárias extrafiscais pelo Poder Judiciário, colocando-se em destaque os princípios da igualdade e da proporcionalidade. / The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the constitutional limits on the use of non-fiscal purpose tax laws, contributing, with originality, to the development of methods that allow a more precise control of these instruments by the Judiciary Branch. To achieve such goal, the thesis was divided into four parts. The first part focuses in discussing the importance of segregation of tax laws in two groups: fiscal and non-fiscal, and analyzes the numerous methods proposed for such classification. The thesis suggests that non-fiscal purpose tax laws must be identified by their purpose, as interpreted by those responsible for applying the law. The second part investigates the constitutional basis that legitimates the use of non-fiscal purpose tax laws and discusses to what normative extent one can speak of tax neutrality. In the third part, the non-fiscal purpose tax laws are compared to the constitutional limits on taxation, to the conflict between regulatory competence and fiscal competence, to the constitutional concept of tax, as well as to the limits involving the tax species provided by the Federal Constitution. Finally, a model of decision making protocol is presented for use a mean of control by the Judiciary Branch of the non-fiscal purpose tax, highlighting the principles of equality and proportionality.