O presente estudo tem por objetivo examinar e refletir sobre a natureza, a origem e a construção conceitual do Hip-Hop. Para tanto, recorreu-se à metodologia de abordagem qualitativa, valendo-se da pesquisa de campo realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com representantes e ativistas reconhecidas(os) do HipHop e analisadas à luz da literatura acadêmica e não acadêmica (teses, dissertações, artigos, livros, revistas), além de outros materiais (documentários, filmes, palestras) produzidos sobre o Hip-Hop. Este trabalho problematiza a caracterização clássica desse fenômeno que, tradicionalmente, aponta quatro elementos como dimensões constitutivas do movimento: DJ/MC, Breaking, Graffiti e Rap. Contrapondo-se a essa descrição rígida, a hipótese desta pesquisa afirma que, por demonstrar um caráter dinâmico e recriador, esse fenômeno cultural, em seu processo histórico, gestou outras dimensões, até o momento, invisibilizadas, ou pouco discutidas pela literatura acadêmica. No processo de investigação, foram identificados outros elementos constitutivos do Hip-Hop, como as gírias, os vestuários, o Streetball e a literatura marginalizada que, assim como os demais, carregam, representam e revelam questões identitárias, políticas e ideológicas, como as étnico-raciais e de gênero, que envolvem a juventude das periferias, evidenciando um Universo em contradição, transformação e reconstrução constantes e em estreita relação com a Educação em seu sentido mais amplo. Desta forma, por sua natureza e condição dialéticas, o HipHop constitui-se em processos marcados por tensões entre os avanços das novas tendências e as resistências a esses avanços, razão pela qual o trabalho foi intitulado O Universo Hip-Hop e a fúria dos elementos. / The present study aims to examine and reflect on the nature, origin and conceptual construction of Hip-Hop. To do so, we used the qualitative approach, using field research conducted through semi-structured interviews with representatives and activists recognized by Hip-Hop and analyzed in the light of academic and nonacademic literature (theses, Dissertations, articles, books, magazines), as well as other materials (documentaries, films, lectures) produced on Hip-Hop. This work problematizes the classical characterization of this phenomenon, which traditionally points to four elements as constitutive dimensions of the movement: DJ / MC, Breaking, Graffiti and Rap. Contrary to this rigid description, the hypothesis of this research affirms that, because it demonstrates a dynamic and recreational character, this cultural phenomenon, in its historical process, has spawned other dimensions, so far, invisibilized or little discussed by academic literature. In the process of investigation, other elements of Hip-Hop were identified, such as slang, clothing, streetball and marginalized literature, which, like the others, carry, represent and reveal identity, political and ideological issues, such as ethnic- Racial and gender, involving the youth of the peripheries, showing a Universe in constant contradiction, transformation and reconstruction and in close relation with Education in its broadest sense. In this way, by its dialectical nature and condition, Hip-Hop is constituted by processes marked by tensions between the advances of the new tendencies and resistances to these advances, reason why the work was titled \"The Hip-Hop Universe and the fury of the elements\".

The Khmer Sampot: An Evolving Tradition examines the history of the Khmer hip-wrapper, specifically the sampot. and its place within Khmer society. The thesis suggests that the continuation of the tradition of making and wearing the sampot is an indicator of what is important within Khmer society. Evidence of the sampot's early form comes from many sources, including Angkorian sculpture and inscriptions; from notes made by the Chinese emissary Chou Ta-Kuan who lived at Angkor in 1296AD; traders in the region around the fifteenth century; later European explorers such as Henri Mouhot; early twentieth century travellers, scholars and French administrators; later twentieth century anthropologists notes, Cambodian journals, interviews with Cambodian people and visits to Cambodia. Using the above evidence, the sampot's forms and functions within Khmer society from ancient times to the present day are examined and discussed. The varieties of sampot. the motifs, colours, types of cloth and methods of weaving are considered. Also considered are the sampot's functions, ie as everyday dress, ceremonial dress and the economic function of the sampot within Khmer society. The thesis notes that during the twentieth century alone there have been two events which could have caused the demise of traditional sampot weaving, one of which was the flood of imported goods to Indochina during the early years of the twentieth cntury, resulting in a lack of interest in local goods and the subsequent lack of production of local goods such as cloth. The other event was Pol Pot's reign of Cambodia during 1975-79, when the population wore a black uniform. In the case of the first event, it was the French who realised that encouraging the traditional skills to resurface was essential if these skills were not to be lost. However in the case of the second event, it appears to have been the Cambodian people themselves who, after the devastating events of the late 1970's, recommenced their tradition of making and wearing sampot as a way of expressing their cultural identity.

Contrary to popular belief, discussions of morality, spiritual sensibilities, and religion are major themes in the lyrics of rap music. The current study provides an exploratory content analysis of rap lyrics in an effort to better understand the ways in which rap artists and audiences thought and think about their spirituality. Results indicate that there existed a fervent and nuanced discourse around spirituality and its various forms during the rise of rap music between the mid 1990s and early millennium.

The purpose of this study is to explore how conscious rap is used as a form of activism. Interviews of conscious rappers based in Atlanta, GA were used to understand this relationship. In order to complete this investigation, ten unsigned conscious rappers were given a series of questions to explore their involvement as activist; some of these artist were also recruited based on affiliations with political organizations based in Atlanta, GA. By gathering interviews from conscious rappers who consider their music as a form of activism, scholars of African American Studies may further understand the role of music and political activism when mobilizing the African American and minority communities.

Limited hip mobility is known to affect the lumbar spine. Much of the previous research has utilized a participant population whose hip mobility is compromised due to arthritic or neurological dysfunctions. Such aetiologies may confound the outcomes, as their effects may not be limited to the hip. The purpose of this thesis was to recruit a healthy young adult population with limited hip mobility to further investigate its effect on the lumbar spine, as well as the role of exercise intervention. Several cascading studies were conducted that were unified around a central theme of links between hip and spine function: Study # 1 investigated the normal distribution of passive hip extension and rotation in a group of 77 males (age 19-30). Data was collected using an infra-red motion capture system and compared to goniometric measurements. The resulting angles represent the 5th – 95th percentiles, including the averages and standard deviations. Study # 2 compared movement patterns between groups of males with limited and excessive hip mobility. Participants were required to perform simple functional activities (lunging, twisting, walking, etc) as well as use the elliptical trainer. Resulting hip and spine angles demonstrated that the men with limited hip mobility stood with a more anteriorly tilted pelvis, and assumed a posture with more lumbar and hip flexion on the elliptical trainer, compared to those with greater mobility. This, in turn, resulted in a greater lumbar compression load due to increased back muscle activity. Study #3 involved recruitment of 24 young adult males with limited hip mobility. Their movement patterns were assessed (as in study #2), then they were assigned to one of four intervention groups: hip stretching, spine stabilizing, hip stretching combined with spine stabilization, and control. Participants in the 3 exercise groups attended supervised exercise sessions once/week for 6 weeks, but were expected to exercise a minimum of 4 times/week on their own. At the end of the 6 weeks, intake parameters were re-assessed, and movement pattern assessment repeated. Despite significant increases in available hip flexibility and/or large increases in trunk muscle endurance and trunk motor control, there were few indications that participants were any more adept at decreasing lumbar motion, or utilizing their newfound hip flexibility during functional activities. Study #4 compared those in the 10th and 90th percentiles of available hip rotation, using a frictionless apparatus to investigate passive stiffness properties of the hip. Participants adopted a posture of upright standing, with one leg supported on a turntable apparatus, and upper body and pelvis secured. A an applied rotational moment resulted in passive hip internal and external rotation. Outcomes demonstrate that those with limited hip mobility stand with the leg more externally rotated and require a larger moment to initiate motion. Passive stiffness curves indicate greater stiffness properties in those with limited hip mobility, and more resistance to an external rotation moment than internal rotation. Study #5 investigated passive hip stiffness in the sagittal plane, comparing those with limited and excessive hip extension. Using a frictionless jig, with the participants lying on their left side, the left hip was pulled into extension with knee position varying. Those with limited hip mobility demonstrated increased passive stiffness compared to the more mobile group, and stiffness was greater when the knee was in extension. The group with limited mobility also showed a trend of increased back extension compared to the more mobile group, when the hip and lumbar spine were both free to react to the applied extension moment. Study #6 summarizes the spine/hip kinematics and muscle activation levels produced when using the elliptical trainer, as well as lumbar compressive and shear forces. It differs significantly from walking in that it produces more lumbar motion in flexion/extension and lumbar twist, but less lateral bend. Participants also tended to adopt a greater mean lumbar flexion angle on the elliptical, which in turn resulted in greater muscle activity in the back extensors. Varying hand position, velocity and stride length were all found to significantly affect the amount of lumbar motion. Highly phasic muscle activity is seen, with the gluteal muscles and internal obliques demonstrating the greatest activation levels.

Although the integrated relationship that exists between the lumbar spine and hip joints is frequently acknowledged in scientific journals and by medical professionals, specific functional and injury relationships, are speculative and have not been substantiated. Lumbar spine and hip dysfunctions are suspected to be associated with inhibition of the surrounding extensor musculature, particularly the gluteal muscles, and facilitation of the flexor musculature. This phenomenon has been observed in other joints following effusion and is often termed ‘arthrogenic inhibition’. Its apparent occurrence about the hip has never been validated. The primary objective of this thesis was to investigate whether arthrogenic inhibition occurred about the hip. If inhibition was found to exist, its relationship with volume vs pressure was investigated to determine if either of these factors were a more appropriate predictor of inhibition. Finally, compensatory motor patterns in response to apparent inhibition were of interest. Participants were allocated to the following groups: 1) Control 2) Intervention I (magnetic resonance arthrogram) or 3) Intervention II (therapeutic arthrogram). Electromyography was collected on the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, gluteus maximus and semimenbranosis bilaterally during hip rehabilitation exercises prior to and following the intervention. Intra-capsular pressure was measured during the intervention. The findings provided support for the presence of extensor-inhibition in the hip following infusion of intra-articular fluid with intra-capsular pressure being the most appropriate predictor of the magnitude of inhibition. Hip extensor inhibition appeared to be compensated for by lumbar spine extensors during the selected tasks. Arthrogenic inhibition should be considered in the clinical evaluation and management of patients with hip joint effusions and/or elevated intra-capsular pressure.

No description available.

The morphologic variability seen in the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris, is unique among mammals. Selective pressures imposed by humans have divided dogs into almost 400 separate breeds. Selection has also led to the development of approximately 450 hereditary diseases, many of which are limited to specific breeds. Over half of these diseases present with similar clinical characteristics to those of many human hereditary diseases, making the dog an ideal model for study of the genetic bases of such diseases. Many diseases do not have candidate genes or have too many candidates to characterize. This is exacerbated in complex diseases that are caused by several genes. Whole-genome scans can provide insight into diseases by identifying marker(s) that co-segregate with a disease phenotype. The Minimal Screening Set - 2 (MSS-2) is the most recent set of microsatellites suitable for whole-genome screens. The first objective of this work was to streamline genomic screens in order to efficiently analyze large numbers of animals. To this end, chromosome-specific microsatellite panels were developed for the MSS-2. Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is the most common orthopedic disease of the dog. CHD primarily affects medium and large breed dogs, but is found in almost every breed. The major objective of this work was to use linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions that contain genes that are involved in CHD. Two populations were screened using the MSS-2. The first was a small family of Boykin Spaniels, though no markers were statistically significant in a whole-genome screen. An outcrossed pedigree of Greyhound/Labrador Retrievers was created for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of CHD. The informativeness of markers in the F2 and backcrossed generations were calculated to show the utility of using such a population. Other factors that affect the power of this pedigree to identify QTL were also highlighted. Chromosomes that were identified in a previous screen as harboring putative QTLs were examined using the chromosome-specific panels to further define and confirm the regions of interest. Although no markers reached statistical significance, several areas of interest were identified.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 60 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-60).

Rapport de recherche bibliographique diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées : Ingénierie documentaire : Villeurbanne, ENSSIB : 2004. Rapport de recherche bibliographique diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées : Ingénierie documentaire : Lyon 1 : 2004.