Management decisions taken on one 80,000 acre estate over the course of a century, are examined to determine the extent to which architectural and other environmental improvements corresponded to a consistent strategic plan. Inconsistencies and departures are shown to be largely those of innovation prompted by wider social and economic forces, and to a lesser extent prompted by the personal whims and interests of successive owners. The specific strategic plan examined is that of the four generations of the Earldom of Findlater in Northeast Scotland. The selected period begins with relative impoverishment in 1707, and ends in 1793 with the transformation of the estate and the lives of the more than 6,000 people comprising it, into a prosperous condition through the creative force of technological and social innovations which were on balance deliberately and carefully imposed. Crucial decisions in this process were at first made by visionary proprietors, but authority, was later delegated to professional administrators and eventually to the larger community. Decisions have been firmly placed within the context of the larger world. Chapter two presents the evolution of national and regional conditions favorable to a spirit of improvement. Chapter three analyzes the estate's organization as though it were a contemporary corporate entity. Chapter four explores changing corporate attitudes towards innovation resulting in diversification of capital investment and in new architectural forms. Chapter Five examines the impact of innovative land use policies upon the 20,000 acres immediately surrounding the estate nucleus at Cullen. Chapters six and seven provide a detailed stylistic analysis of Cullen House as a corporate headquarters; the chapters are divided between the stylistic objectives achieved over a long term and those attempted by the last Earl. The effectiveness of the estate's long term management is evaluated within the final chapter. Although it will be argued that a strategic plan existed, it was not explicitly articulated as a document for public scrutiny, nor was it a conventional planning process. Much of the evidence of a strategic plan providing management continuity from one generation to the next is apparent only as assumed personal confidence between father and son, and husband and wife, unrecorded, but strongly inferred by the details of the estate records.

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<p>In this dissertation, the author examines the historical novel Manly pursuits (1999), by Ann Harries. The novel deals with the late nineteenth century in Oxford, England, and inparticular the year 1899 in Cape Town. The focus of the novel is on Cecil John Rhodes and his entourage, and their obsession with empire, which culminates in the South African war in 1900. Featured characters include Chamberlain, Jameson, Kipling, Oscar Wilde, Charles Dodgson, John Ruskin and Olive Schreiner. Harries novel is interpreted as showing resistance to the Victorian society which is the framework which is seen to developed the class and gender-based valued and imperialist thinking of Rhodes and his following. as such the novel is showing resstance to imperialist thinking, the Anglo-Boer war, apartheid and all the resulting legacies for South Africa.</p>

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The purpose of this essay was to survey the students’ interest for the past; in order to create new method tools for the teaching of history in today’s school. From this purpose, this question emerged: What kind of aspects affect the students’ interest for the past. How do these aspects promote the students’ historical consciousness? Are these aspects opportunities or holdbacks for the teaching of history’s purpose to develop the students’ historical consciousness? Interviews were conducted and from these five different categories were created: the past in everyday-life, interest for the past, acquisition of knowledge, how the past affects and the interest for history in school. These five categories were analyzed by using the concept and theory of historical consciousness. The result was that elder relatives and parents belong to the biggest factors, as well as the teaching of history in school. However, the crucial factor was whether the students could at all relate to the past. Furthermore, the interviewed students have a historical consciousness; however, it is flawed due to the fact that they do not see history as a whole.

Development of population of Staňkov in 19th century Abstract This work focuses on description of population development in Staňkov in years 1827-1900. Data were gained by the method of anonymous excerption of registers of births, deaths and marriages. These registers are currently located in State regional archive in Pilsen. Staňkov always had a Czech majority, even though it is located in Western Bohemian region close to German boarder. Inhabitants of Staňkov worked mainly in agriculture and trades. Great development in industry and mining took place in Staňkov in the analyzed period. Population development is analyzed from the point of view of fertility, mortality and nuptiability. The results from Staňkov are also compared to other towns in the same time period. Keywords: historical demography, 19th century, development of population, Staňkov